Design of Wind Turbine Blade for Solar Chimney Power Plant

Aiming at the global efficiency of solar chimney power plant (SCPP), we design a wind turbine generation device to elevate its electricity generating efficiency. Based on wind power utilization theory, a new method is proposed to design a type of wind turbine blade for SCPP. The lift and resistance coefficients on different Reynolds numbers of NACA4418 airfoil, which is suitable for experimental solar electricity generation system, are determined by Profili-V2.0 airfoil design software, a program written in Matlab to calculate chord length of the airfoil. The optimization is conducted by class-shape-transformation (CST) parameterization method and Xfoil software. An airfoil design program is designed on the basis of blade element theory and attack angle with the highest lift coefficient to iteratively determine the inflow angle and setting angle. Prandtl’s tip-loss factor is applied to correct the setting angle, after the airfoil data are input into AutoCAD to build an airfoil model which is then imported into Solidworks to draw blades. A new way is put forward to design wind turbine blades in SCPP.     

Performance research of a micro-CCHP system with adsorption chiller

This paper describes a new micro-combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP) system,which is especially suitable for domestic and light commercial applications. It mainly consists of a natural gas-fired internal combustion engine,a silica gel-water adsorption chiller and other heat recovery units. In order to study the energy effciency and economic feasibility,an experimental investigation has been carried out. The experimental system has a rated electricity power of 12 kW,a rated cooling capacity of 9 kW and a rated heating capacity of 28 kW. Evaluation and analysis of the system are discussed in detail. The testing results show that the energy effciency of the overall system depends on different modes. The overall thermal and electrical effciency is over 70%. Higher heat load supplied causes higher effciency of the system. Economic evaluation shows that the micro-CCHP system enjoys a small capital cost and short payback period,which is easily accepted by customers. At current natural gas price of 1.9 RMB/m3(nominal condition) and electric price of 0.754 RMB/(kW·h) ,the total capital cost is only 90 000 RMB with a payback period of 3.21 years.     

集热体物性对太阳能热电发电系统性能的影响

集热体对太阳能热电发电系统性能具有重要的影响.文中建立了一个太阳能热电发电系统的三维模型,采用ANSYS软件的热电模块研究了集热体物性对太阳能热电发电系统性能的影响.计算结果表明,集热体材料的选择对热电性能有很大影响,高吸收率和低发射率的集热体材料有助于提升太阳能热电发电系统的性能,但随着聚光比的提高,增长幅度逐渐减小,而热导率的影响则较小;高聚光比下,集热体上表面热辐射对太阳能热电系统效率的影响较大,低聚光比下则影响不大.     

Thermal management controller for heat source temperature control and thermal management

In many heat recovery processes, temperature control of heat source is often required to ensure safety and high efficiency of the heat source equipment. In addition, the management of recovered heat is important for the proper use of waste heat. To this aim, the concept of thermal management controller (TMC), which can vary heat transfer rate via the volume variation of non-condensable gas, was presented. Theoretical model and experimental prototype were established. Investigation shows that the prototype is effective in temperature control. With water as the working fluid, the vapor temperature variation is only 1.3 ℃ when the heating power varies from 2.5 to 10.0 kW. In variable working conditions, this TMC can automatically adjust thermal allocation to the heat consumer.     

热传导预热装置及在SLS直接成形金属件过程中作用的研究

提出了在SLS系统上应用热传导式预热方式的设想,并设计出预热装置,成功地烧结出了金属件。结果表明该装置加热功率分布均匀,总加热功率小,热效率高,采取的隔热措施合理,满足了SLS系统的预热要求。     

回热器对跨临界CO2热泵系统性能的影响

为了研究跨临界CO2热泵热水系统中,回热器传热面积对系统性能的影响,在不同的制冷剂充注量条件下实验研究了CO2热泵系统的性能.实验中,通过调节变频压缩机频率与电子膨胀阀开启度,保持了一定的制热量与蒸发器出口过热度.实验结果表明:在最佳制冷剂充注量条件下,随着回热器传热面积的增加,压缩机的压缩比下降,排气温度与吸气温度上升.采用回热器可以提高系统的最大制热系数,当回热器的无量纲传热面积为0.2时,可使最大制热系数提高约3.2%～5.1%.     

无接触网供电车辆电磁-热场耦合计算

无接触网供电技术在城市轨道交通中的应用受到越来越广泛的关注，大功率无接触电能传输的实际应用还有许多问题需要论证，其中电磁感应导致的涡流发热问题引起人们的普遍重视. 依据电磁感应原理和传热学，建立无接触网供电车辆感应加热模型，采用有限元法计算无接触网供电车辆热场分布，对不同载荷工况下的车辆的发热情况进行数值仿真，并对采用散热器和风冷两种散热方式的接收线圈的散热性能进行对比研究. 研究结果表明:接收线圈和转向架温度升高明显；随着发射线圈电流增加以及气隙距离的减小，车辆各个部位的温度都有上升趋势；装有散热器的接收线圈最高温度比不含散热器时降低了126.0 ℃，通过改变散热器的传热系数能进一步提高散热器的散热性能；采用风冷散热方式接收线圈温度降低了131.2 ℃，与散热器相比，风冷的散热性能略好，且随着风速增加风冷效果更加突出.      

汽车交流发电机端盖栅格对其气动噪声和温度特性的综合影响

为了同步提高目前新能源汽车发电机的气动噪声性能和散热效果，满足更严苛的噪声、振动与声振粗糙度需求，以某型汽车交流发电机为研究对象，基于台架试验和数值仿真方法探究端盖栅格对气动噪声和温度场分布的综合影响规律；基于五点法获得了噪声声压级分布，基于多热电偶测点获得了关键部件的温度分布，基于计算流体动力学仿真软件和电磁场Maxwell仿真软件获得了发电机内部的流场、声场和温度场分布，采用试验结果验证数值计算模型的正确性；在分析原始发电机气动噪声特性和温度场特性的基础上，设计了具有不同倾角的端盖栅格侧壁以降低冷却气流冲击的动能损失，探讨了端盖栅格倾角和扇叶气流出口角的合理匹配，并基于牛顿冷却理论研究了波状端盖栅格对增加换热表面面积和降低气动噪声的影响。研究结果表明:端盖栅格结构对气动噪声有较大贡献，同时也对冷却效果产生显著影响；端盖栅格侧壁倾斜40°时能够和扇叶气流出口角更合理地匹配，有效减少冷却气流冲击的能量损失，三相定子绕组最高温度降低9.63 K，12阶次气动噪声降低3 dB(A)以上；波纹状端盖栅格增加对流换热面积和气流速度的同时降低了气动冲击作用，使得端盖散热量增加7.72 W，定子铁芯、端盖和三相定子绕组温度分别降低了5.12、4.94和5.29 K，栅格对涡流的改善以及气流对栅格的冲击削弱使12和24阶次气动噪声降低3 dB(A)以上。      

太阳能级P型硅放电切割电流特性

为了提高太阳能级硅材料放电切割的效率,基于理论建模的方法,将硅材料放电切割过程抽象为简单的二极管-电阻电路模型,在恒压源的作用下分析其放电电流特性.理论推导发现,影响回路电流的主要因素是放电端二极管及体电阻的作用,随着放电温度的升高,二极管雪崩压降增大,阻碍了电流流过,热传导作用体电阻减小,促进电流流过,综合作用后,放电电流呈现出两边高中间平缓的U型曲线.在电火花线切割机床上加工电阻率2.1Ω.cm的P型太阳能级硅,抓取放电单脉冲电流波形,结果显示:放电电流从开始的4 A下降到3.2 A,到放电结束时,上升到5.2 A.实验结果与理论推导的放电电流特性一致.     

主机缸套冷却水出口温度控制方法

利用传热学理论，对船舶主柴油机缸套冷却水系统的传热机理进行了分析，给出了其动态热力数学模型。针对其惯性较大，缸套冷却水出口温度经常超调的特点，提出了在现有的传统PID反馈控制的基础上，引入以船舶主柴油机输出“功率”作为反映缸套冷却水热负荷扰动信号的前馈控制，以减小缸套冷却水出口温度的动态偏差，并利用Matlab仿真进行了验证。仿真结果表明，这种控制方法比传统的控制方法具有更好的控制性能。     

电力电子变压器多指标非线性控制研究

电力电子变压器是一种通过电力电子变换实现电力系统能量传递的新型变压器.以微分几何理论为基础,实现非线性系统的多性能指标控制,提出基于跟踪偏差的非线性控制器,以实现改善电力系统控制性能的目的,从而可在统一的非线性控制设计框架下同时对系统中多个状态量的性能指标提出要求.所提控制策略解决了系统的非线性问题,改善了系统的动态性能,仿真结果表明设计的控制方法在电力电子变压器输出稳定性控制.     

太阳能-污水热泵沼液增温系统运行模式

针对现有热泵沼液增温系统投资高、运行困难的缺陷,设计了一套太阳能-污水热泵沼液增温系统（solar and untreated sewage source heat pump system,SUSSHPS）.该系统设定3种系统运行模式,分别为全年中温增温模式、全年高温增温模式和夏季高温增温、冬季中温增温模式,并从系统运行能耗、环保性、经济性与产气量最大化角度对各增温模式进行理论计算,同时,构建太阳能-污水热泵沼液增温系统运行模式综合评价体系,运用改进熵值法对评价指标进行综合赋权．研究结果表明,全年中温增温模式、全年高温增温模式和夏季高温增温-冬季中温增温模式的综合评价值分别为0.293 0、0.327 5和0.379 5,夏季高温增温-冬季中温增温模式是三者中最优的运行模式.      

轨道车辆新型车端专用吸能装置

为了提高轨道车辆的耐碰撞性,利用金属薄壁结构轴向切削和压缩过程吸收能量的原理,设计了一种新型车辆端部专用吸能装置;采用显式有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了吸能装置吸能过程的等效三维有限元模型,并对吸能过程进行数值模拟;分析了切削深度、刀具前角和切屑圆心角等参数对吸能装置吸能性能的影响.研究结果表明,新型吸能装置吸收的能量、界面力与切削深度、切屑圆心角成正比,与刀具前角成反比,受切削深度的影响较小;新型吸能装置的冲程效率可达100%,压缩力效率和总效率可达70%以上,高于现有吸能装置.      

Automatic wireless power supply system to autonomous underwater vehicles by means of electromagnetic coupler

With the aim of sending electric power to autonomous underwater vehicles （AUVs）, an automatic wireless power supply system by means of electromagnetic coupler was proposed. An equivalent circuit of the electromagnetic coupler with compensating capacitors was presented to analyze the performance of the system. The magnetizing inductance and leakage inductance, which are important for choosing compensating capacitors, were calculated by finite element analysis （FEA） methods. Then the voltage gain, power loss and system efficiency were analyzed to optimize the winding turns. Finally, a phase-shift full bridge zero-voltage-switching converter and an electromagnetic coupler were produced. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system has a high voltage gain with small variation and sufficient power feeding.     

Control strategy research of a selective catalytic reduction system for heavy-duty application

An AdBlue dosing control strategy of the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) system is developed for a heavy-duty diesel(HDD) engine. The strategy includes a raw emission prediction model, an ammonia(NH_3)coverage prediction model, a transient heat hysteresis correction algorithm, an NH_3 leakage control model for transient operation conditions, and a feedback controller(FBC). FBC has been developed by using mathematical manipulation to change output signal of sensor based on cross-sensitivity of nitrogen oxide(NO_x) sensor to NH_3.The quantification of control parameters is based on experiments and Nyquist stability criterion. FBC is enabled in most test conditions to satisfy the stability requirements. NOxconversion(DeNO_x) efficiency of SCR system is 82.4% in European steady-state cycle(ESC) test and 80.3% in European transient cycle(ETC) test, while the leakage of NH_3 is under 10-5 volume fraction in average.     

双馈风力发电机网侧整流器研究

基于三相SVPWM高频整流器的数学模型,详细分析了双馈风力发电系统中网侧整流器的双闭环控制原理和单位功率因数的实现方法.在此基础上设计了一套SVPWM整流系统,可以实现整流和逆变状态下的转换,实现能量的双向流动,仿真实验结果表明该整流系统具有良好的动、静态特性.     

磁浮列车非接触式供电技术

针对高速磁浮列车在狭窄空间内高经济性、高可靠性车载供电需求，在耦合磁路、电气性能仿真、设计优化基础上，提出一种发射端多匝线圈且无磁芯、拾取端类似双U型耦合磁路结构的非接触供电系统（inductive power supply，IPS），该系统采用了理论设计、仿真分析以及试验验证相结合的研究方法. 首先，根据高速磁浮列车供电需求，通过理论计算确定各设备主要参数，完成IPS系统设计方案；然后，进行耦合磁路设计及仿真分析:利用Maxwell软件对多种耦合磁路进行3D仿真分析，确定耦合磁路最优设计方案，开展三维电磁仿真得到拾取装置与地面发射线圈间互感；紧接着，进行电气性能仿真分析:利用Matlab软件建立IPS系统电气仿真模型，仿真IPS系统传输功率及效率，根据供电需求确定补偿装置、地面逆变电源及DC/DC参数；最后，研制完成供电功率150 kW磁场耦合非接触供电系统，并部署于磁浮样车试验线，完成了现场EMC （electromagnetic magnetic compatibility）性能、电气性能测试验证. 验证结果表明:传输功率超过150 kW，效率92%，达到项目预期目标.      

加金属丝水平单圆管蓄冰数值模拟

盘管式蓄冰传热瓶颈出现在冰层处,考虑在管外加入一些金属丝来促进管外换热从而提高蓄冰效率.为了描述管外扩展表面给结冰过程带来的影响,把管外金属丝和水的混合区域考虑为多孔介质区域,建立了合理的数学物理模型,进行了理论计算,并采用了密度随温度接近抛物线变化来研究水的自然对流对结冰过程的影响.通过计算,发现自然对流对温度分布的...     

建筑相变储能技术研究现状与发展

作为一项重要的建筑节能技术,相变储能技术可解决建筑能源供求在时间、空间和强度上不匹配的矛盾.综述了建筑储能相变材料的制备与导热性能增强、相变单元传热特性及传热强化、建筑相变储能系统的研发与应用,总结了材料研发、系统性能评估、系统应用技术开发等3个方面的不足,指出了未来研究重点,即开发性能稳定且蓄放热能力强的相变材料、有效预测多物理过程和多相态储能系统的动态性能和实现无人工干预条件下储能系统的自主有效运行等.      

A mechanical and experimental study on the heat loss of solar evacuated tube

The experimental system of heat loss of all-glass evacuated solar collector tubes (evacuated tube) is firstly designed and constructed, which uses electric heater as thermal resource. The equilibrium temperatures are less than ±1℃ during the test, and the temperature differences of up/middle/low node in the tube are less than 1 ℃, 3 ℃, and 7℃ respectively. The heat loss of evacuated tube increases about 2.7% with vacuum state of 0.01-1 mPa, and it has the best performance at tube temperature of 20-280℃. The invalidation tube (> 200 mPa) has the biggest heat loss that increases linearly with the tube temperature. The evacuated tubes with the vacuum of 0.01-1 mPa are suitable for most solar adsorption refrigeration.