PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SECOND-ORDER STATISTICS FOR CYCLOSTATIONARY SIGNALS

Introduction　　 In natural and man- made signals,there existwidely a special kind of non- stationary signal,forwhich the statistics,correlation function or higher-order statistics,vary not only with time but alsowith multiple incommensurate periods ( periodicallyor polyperiodically) .The random signal,such ascommunication,radar,telemetry,sonar,etc andthe data thatsubjectto seasonal and rhythmic vari-ations,such as hydrologic,oceanic,climatic,ex-hibit periodically the time- varying characteris…     

轨道不平顺概率模型

为了高效选取轨道不平顺随机样本, 以满足车辆-轨道系统随机动力与可靠度分析中的激振源遍历性要求, 依据轨道随机不平顺的弱平稳与谱相似特征, 提出了一种轨道不平顺概率模型; 采用离散概率积分和统计方法, 在时域中将大量轨道不平顺检测信号分成若干个时程序列, 对每个序列采用谱分析法计算其统计功率谱密度分布; 采用矩阵法对轨道不平顺功率谱密度函数进行集合表征, 视每条谱线在不同频率点的功率谱密度概率具有累加性, 采用单一频率下的功率谱密度概率分布推知整条谱线的出现概率; 采用通用随机模拟方法选取代表性轨道谱, 并反演随机不平顺序列; 实测了某高速铁路约269km的轨道高低和方向不平顺, 基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论, 从轨道不平顺模拟幅值与车辆-轨道系统动力响应的概率密度分布出发, 对比了轨道不平顺概率模型与轨道不平顺随机模型的计算结果, 以验证轨道不平顺概率模型的正确性和高效性。计算结果表明: 以2种模型生成的轨道随机不平顺为激振源, 获得的车辆-轨道系统动力响应分布熵差异小于2%, 2种模型均能准确表达不平顺激扰特性; 为保证模拟与实测不平顺的概率密度分布一致, 采用随机模型和概率模型分别需要生成131和33个随机样本, 概率模型具有更高的分析效率; 在给定计算工况下, 轮轨力和车体加速度的幅值分别为38~152kN和-0.042g~0.043g (g为重力加速度), 均未超过《高速铁路设计规范》 (TB 10621—2014) 中的限值(轮轨力为170kN, 车体加速度为0.25g), 表明此高速铁路轨道不平顺状态较优, 行车安全性和舒适性可以得到保证。      

柴油机振动信号二阶循环平稳特性分析

柴油机等往复机械的振动信号具有较强的循环平稳特性.分析了循环平稳的统计特性,基于调幅信号模型分析了仿真信号的自相关函数和谱相关密度函数的特性,指出如何识别信号的循环平稳特性,分析了柴油机实测振动信号的二阶循环平稳特性,得到了柴油机振动信号循环频率的特性.结果表明,柴油机的振动信号具有二阶循环平稳特性,且循环频率与柴油机转频有关.     

列车荷载对板式无砟轨道力学性能的影响分析

为研究无砟轨道混凝土在客、货车作用下的劣化规律,基于损伤力学概念,引入损伤变量对混凝土室内循环加载进行试验研究. 首先,建立钢轨-扣件-轨道板-CA砂浆层-底座板-地基有限元实体模型,获取试件试验等效应力水平,通过列车车速确定加载频率,然后确定合理的荷载组合模拟工况;其次,应用MTS加载系统对混凝土试件进行循环加载测试,利用无损检测系统测试了不同加载次数下混凝土的动弹性模量以及抗折强度;最后,将动弹性模量和抗折强度作为损伤变量,根据测试结果得到不同应力水平、加载频率作用对轨道板材料力学性能劣化规律的影响. 试验结果表明:在客货车荷载作用下,动弹性模量的损伤程度在加载200万次时约为抗折强度的损伤程度的2倍;应力水平一定时,加载频率越小,混凝土动弹性模量以及抗折强度的损伤程度越大,并且在10 Hz与15 Hz频率之间较明显;加载频率一定时,应力水平越大,混凝土动弹性模量以及抗折强度的损伤越严重,应力水平为0.7的混凝土在1 000次左右的加载循环加载下发生破坏;低速的客货车荷载会加快混凝土初期损伤,较高速度的客货车荷载会加速无砟轨道结构后期损伤的发展.      

基于首次穿越破坏的TMD体系频域可靠性分析

为了研究可靠度的频域特性及TMD(tuned mass damper)体系减震特性,基于首次穿越破坏准则,推导了结构在随机激励下关于谱矩截止频率的概率分布计算公式,采用向前差分方法求解关于频域的概率密度,利用概率分布计算公式分析了TMD结构体系可靠度的频域概率信息.结果表明:可靠度的频域概率密度为负值,且随着频带变宽频域可靠度趋近于直接按照首次穿越破坏准则的计算值;结构无控时前两阶频率处的可靠度下降比例为59.23%和35.45%, TMD结构体系的相应比例为34.54%和55.92%,从频域可靠度的角度表明了TMD结构体系主要控制一阶振型,并体现了减震的可靠性.      

An improved cyclostationary feature detection based on the selection of optimal parameter in cognitive radios

Spectrum sensing is an important part of cognitive radio systems to find spectrum hole for transmission which enables cognitive radio systems coexist with the authorized radio systems without harmful interference. In this paper, an improved cyclostationary feature detection method is proposed to reduce computational complexity without loss of good performance based on the optimal parameter selection strategy for choosing detection parameters of cyclic frequency and lag. Taking binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals as examples, the theoretical analyses are presented for choosing the optimal parameters. Simulation results are given to certify the correctness of the proposed parameter selection strategy and show the performance of the proposed method.     

基于收敛趋势变分模式分解的齿轮箱故障诊断方法

从中心频率的角度出发,深入分析变分模式分解算法中不同初始中心频率的分解特性;利用分解特性对变分模式分解中使用的初始中心频率进行合理更新,在没有先验知识的情况下自适应分解信号的整个分析频带;根据峭度准则,从分解的子信号中选取包含故障信息最丰富的故障分量;对选出的最佳故障分量进行平衡参数优化和稀疏编码收缩处理,并进行包络分...     

最小方差控制中的最优输入信号设计

为研究最小方差控制中的最优输入信号设计问题,推导了最小方差控制器与闭环反馈结构中对象模型、噪声模型之间的关系.基于闭环反馈系统中频响函数估计的渐近分析,考虑系统对象模型、噪声模型和控制器三者之间的摄动性.分别采用输出端误差平方的均值、输入端误差平方的均值和输出端估计值平方的均值作为评价性能指标函数,推导三种情况下最优输...     

基于Logistic混沌方程的光通信系统仿真研究

通过混沌光通信系统模型的建立,利用MATLAB对Logistic混沌方程产生混沌序列进行频谱能量和功率谱密度分析,发现混沌信号的频谱密度可以作为光通信系统模型的检测依据,并在此基础上进行MATLAB仿真研究,表明可以将混沌信号作为信息载体,实现光通信的混沌传输,由于混沌理论具有良好检测微弱信号的能力,从而开辟了光通信长距离无色散传输的另一种途径．     

Central pattern generator based gait control for planar quadruped robots

In this paper, a gait control scheme is presented for planar quadruped robots based on a biologic concept, namely central pattern generator （CPG）. A CPG is modeled as a group of the coupled nonlinear oscillators with an interaction weighting matrix which determines the gait patterns. The CPG model, mapping functions and a proportional-differential （PD） joint controller compose the basic gait generator. By using the duty factor of gait patterns as a tonic signal, the activity of the CPG model can be modulated, and as a result, a smooth transition between different gait patterns is achieved. Moreover, by tuning the parameters of the CPG model and mapping functions, the proposed basic gait generator can realize adaptive workspace trajectories for the robot to suit different terrains. Simulation results illustrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed gait controllers.     

利用GNSS时序分析辨识大跨桥梁结构荷载响应研究

使用小波分析、功率谱密度等方法,对武汉市阳逻大桥GNSS监测数据进行分析,识别并分离大桥不同位置结构车辆移动荷载响应、车辆振动荷载响应和噪声,首先去除噪声,然后利用信号不同频率特性,分离静态信号和动态信号,从而得到更为清晰的大跨度桥动力响应特性。     

Cyclostationary property based spectrum sensing algorithms for primary detection in cognitive radio systems

To implement the primary signal without interference in cognitive radio systems, cognitive radios can detect the presence of the primary user in low SNR. Currently, energy detector is the most common way of spectrum sensing because of its low computational complexity. However, performance of the method will be possibly degraded due to the uncertainty noise. This paper illustrates the benefits of one-order and two-order cyclostationary properties of primary user’s signals in time domain. These feature detection techniques in time domain possess the advantages of simple structure and low computational complexity comparing with spectral feature detection methods. Furthermore, performance of the one-order and two-order feature detection is studied and the analytical results are given. Our analysis and numerical results show that the sensing performance of the one-order feature detection is improved significantly comparing with conventional energy detector since it is robust to noise. Meanwhile, numerical results show that the two-order feature detection technique is better than the one-order feature detection. However, this benefit comes at the cost of hardware burdens and power consumption due to the additional multiplying algorithm.     

The Simulation and Characteristic Study of Wind Velocity for Long-Span Structures

The new technique that combines wave superposition with the fast Fourier transformation was introduced to simulate the nodal three-dimension relevant wind velocity time series of spatial structures. The wind velocity field where the spatial structure is located is assumed to be homogeneous. The wind‘s power spectral density is divided into frequency spectral function and coherency function and the spectral functions are transformed as the superposition coefficients. The wavelet analysis has excellent localized characters in both time and frequency domains, which not only makes wind velocity time series analysis more accurate, but also can focus on any detail of the objective signal series. The discrete wavelet transformation was adopted to decompose and reconstruct the discrete wind velocity time series. The stability of wavelet analysis for the wind velocity time series was also proved.     

一种新的循环谱统计量频谱感知算法

为了提高认知无线电中感知用户对授权用户（主用户）的检测概率,提出一种新的基于循环谱统计量的主用户信号检测算法．该算法利用循环谱离散频域平滑方法,对信号的循环谱在循环频率处建立合理的检测统计量,然后求解得到对应不同虚警概率的判决门限,以使感知用户能检测信噪比更低的授权用户信号．该算法具有检测结构简单,易实现的特点．仿真结果表明,在高斯白噪声信道中,虚警概率为0．1,频域平滑累积次数为255,在信噪比为-16dB的条件下,与Dandawate-Giannakis（DG）方法相比,本文算法的检测概率提高23％．     

Robust Spectral Estimation of Track Irregularity

Because the existing spectral estimation methods for railway track irregularity analysis are very sensitive to outliers, a robust spectral estimation method is presented to process track irregularity signals. The proposed robust method is verified using 100 groups of clean/contaminated data reflecting he vertical profile irregularity taken from Bejing-Guangzhou railway with a sampling frequency of 33 data every 10 m, and compared with the Auto Regressive (AR) model. The experimental results show that the proposed robust estimation is resistible to noise and insensitive to outliers, and is superior to the AR model in terms of efficiency,, stability and reliability.     

翼吊发动机转子系统在大气紊流下的响应分析

针对翼吊发动机高空工作时受大气紊流影响这一现象,基于机翼气动弹性力学和转子动力学理论, 采用Dryden紊流模型作为大气速度模型,建立了翼吊发动机转子系统在大气紊流下的动力学模型,运用虚拟激励法对模型进行数值计算.结果表明:转子系统中各转盘站的位移响应功率谱密度变化趋势与大气紊流速度功率谱密度变化趋势基本相似,但在固有频率处会出现位移响应强度峰值;当角频率大于100 rad/s时,大气紊流引起的位移响应强度随着角频率的增大而减小,并且不可忽视转子系统本身特性对位移响应强度的影响.      

高速列车动车转向架气动噪声数值分析

为研究高速列车动车转向架气动噪声特性,建立了动车转向架空气动力学模型,采用定常RNGk-湍流模型与宽频带噪声源模型对其气动噪声声源进行初步探讨,并结合非定常LES大涡模拟与Lighthill声学比拟理论进行了远场气动噪声分析。研究结果表明:动车转向架气动噪声源为轮对、构架、牵引电机1、枕梁、垂向减振器、抗侧滚扭杆等结构的迎风侧凸起部位,且构架对动车转向架远场气动噪声的贡献最大,其次为轮对和抗侧滚扭杆,然后为垂向减振器和枕梁,牵引电机1、牵引电机2、空气弹簧和横向减振器对远场气动噪声的贡献较小。动车转向架远场气动噪声是宽频噪声,具有衰减特性、幅值特性和气动噪声指向性。在低频部分能量较大,中心频率为25、50Hz,且分布规律不随运行速度的改变而变化。      

航空发动机转子碰摩故障瞬时频率诊断方法

分析了航空发动机转子碰摩故障振动信号的基本特征,提出了故障信号瞬时频率诊断方法。运用解析小波将故障信号变换到小波域,利用小波系数的振幅和相位信息综合确定瞬时频率,根据瞬时频率的特征诊断故障,并对比了故障信号瞬时频率诊断方法与窗口Fourier变换方法故障诊断结果。数值分析结果表明:利用瞬时频率诊断方法提取碰摩信号的瞬时频率比利用窗口Fourier变换得到的结果更精细,并可获得用短时Fourier变换无法得到的一些瞬时频率曲线。     

基于路面不平整度的车辆振动响应分析方法

为了分析路面与车辆的相互作用,提出了四自由度1/2车辆模型相对于不平整路面耦合振动分析方法。根据GB/T7031-1986建议的公路路面功率谱密度的拟合表达式,在分析了运行汽车固有振动频率和行驶速度的影响后,获得分布在一定频率范围内的离散功率谱密度数据,利用离散傅立叶逆变换得到路面不平度值,并以此作为1/2车辆垂向动力学模型的输入激励,通过数值仿真得到运行车辆系统在不同路面不平整度下的时域响应。分析结果表明:车辆动荷载系数随车速增大呈线性增加,随路面等级变差呈非线性增大,路面等级是影响车辆动力作用的最显著因素。     

Experimental study on the effect of cyclic preloading on the resistance to liquefaction of saturated loose sand under wave loading

By using the soil static and dynamic universal triaxial and torsional shear apparatus, a series of combined cyclic shear tests are performed to simulate the rotation in the principal stress direction induced by ocean wave. The tests include the cyclic preloading tests and liquefaction tests in the second loading on saturated loose sand with a relative density of 30%. The all tests are consolidated under isotropic condition. The effect of the cyclic preloading on the resistance to liquefaction of saturated loose sands under the condition of continuous rotation in the principal stress direction is investigated. Experimental data indicate that the void ratio of saturated sands has a negligible reduction after cyclic preloading. With the increase of the intensity of cyclic preloading (in the amplitude and in the number of cycles), the resistance to liquefaction in the second loading is increased continuously under the condition that the liquefaction does not occur during the cyclic preloading. The reason is that the construction of more stable structure due to the uniformity of the void and the better interlocking of the particles when the cyclic preloading is applied to the saturated sand.