汽车超载运行问题及整治对策

<正> 一、超载运行——危害着我国公路运输业 汽车超载运行,在我国城乡公路网上时有发生。人们对此已经司空见惯,只有当发生了恶性交通事故,查出事故原因与严重超载有关,才稍稍引起一阵议论。 据运管部门及交警部门反映,目前在福建省,额定载重5吨的营运车辆,装载15～16吨的     

我国道路交通安全状况的分析

随着道路交通运输业的发展,汽车保有量的快速增加,我国道路交通事故发生率呈上升趋势;每起道路交通事故对个人、家庭和社会都带来了重大的伤害和损失,而造成交通事故发生的原因很多,但其具有一定的规律性。本文根据官方数据统计,分析判断道路交通系统中导致交通事故发生的原因,并提出预防和减少交通事故的对策,以遏制交通事故的发生。     

锻造节约型运输

运输业尚难融入节约型社会 20年之前,交通部的开放政策彻底改变了公路运输业的格局.20年之后,交通运输事业成绩斐然,截止2005年底,全国公路总里程达到193.05万公里,高速公路总里程达到4.1万公里,19个省市区的高速公路突破了1000公里,路网结构日益完善.     

高速公路特点及驾驶注意事项

高速公路的行车环境与普通公路有很大区别,行车速度也远高于普通公路.从高速公路交通事故的发生情况来看,初上高速公路的人出事故的比例较大,其主要原因就是对高速公路上的行驶特点不够了解,仍以在普通公路上的习惯驾驶车辆,遇有意外情况容易措手不及,甚至发生重大交通事故.     

公路隧道交通事故发生机理及预防对策

从驾驶员、车辆、道路和交通设施等方面分析公路隧道交通事故的特点和发生原因,有针对性地提出改善公路隧道安全条件和预防交通事故发生的措施.     

供给侧结构性改革下交通运输经济循环模式建设研究

供给侧结构性改革下交通运输循环经济管理需要从不同的经济运行方式出发,建立完善的公路经济综合管理体系,确保公路经济能够科学合理的运行,为建立节约型公路经济战略管理方式创造良好的条件。公路经济与公路运输业的发展要形成协同管理模式,积极稳妥的建立循环经济管理机制,提高公路运输的综合管理水平,为公路经济的全面优化发展创造良好的条件。     

公路危险货物运输中的安全管理措施分析

为完善危险货物行政管理体系,提升运输安全性,从公路危险货物运输行政管理视角出发,详细探讨公路危险货物运输中的安全管理措施,提出优化公路危险货物运输安全的行政管理对策,希望能够在维持运输业可持续发展方面起到促进作用。     

美国公路交通安全的新焦点

据美国联邦公路管理总署(FHWA)于2005年初公布的统计数据,过去几年美国各地公路交通事故年均死亡人数超过4.2万人。另据美国全国公路交通安全管理总署(NHTSA)公布的数据,近几年美国全国公路交通事故年均死亡率是每1亿车辆英里死1.48人,而不少州的死亡率则更高。其中佛罗里达州的车祸死亡人数发生率较高,2003年的公路交通年均死亡率达到每1亿车辆英里1.71人,1999～2003年公路交通事故年均死亡人数为3051人,平均每天有8人死于公路交通事故,此外年均重伤和伤残30165人。据美国全国公路交通安全管理总署的估计,最近几年佛罗里达州公路交通事…     

关于公路路线设计与交通安全关系的分析

为了确保行车行人的交通安全,减少交通事故,近年来,我国颁发了相关条文明确规定了加强对驾驶人的教育管理、提高车子的安全行驶性能,加强对公路的安全审核.同时还对公路的路线设计给出了明确的规范,以求提高公路的安全性能减少交通事故.本文结合具体的工程实例,探讨公路贡献设计对交通安全的影响.     

建议速度的定义及应用价值

文章介绍建议速度的定义,阐述了建议速度标志的设置范围,并从提高设计速度、降低公路建造成本、提高公路通过率、避免速度陷阱与公路乱罚款、提高公路管理水平、减少交通事故、节能环保等方面探讨了建议速度的应用价值及意义。     

基于WOS数据库的文献计量分析的城市交通事故态势研究

为从宏观上了解交通事故的研究态势,利用文献计量法对WOS数据库收录的474篇文献进行数据可视化分析。研究发现,发文量历经了零阶段、稳定阶段和上升阶段;中国研究机构数量和发文量都位于世界第一;研究领域形成了由122位作者组成的核心作者群体;研究方向经历了以交通参与者、道路交通事故、交通事故安全为研究目的的变化;关键词分析得出该领域未来的研究热点将集中在交通事故安全、交通事故严重程度及交通事故影响三方面。     

道路交通事故发生机理与实例分析

交通事故发生机理是认识道路交通事故发生过程、交通事故预防和改善交通安全的基础。文章以道路交通系统为研究对象,分析道路交通事故的形成过程,将交通事故发生机理分为驾驶行为差错类事故发生机理、外部因素突变类事故发生机理、综合性事故发生机理三类,并在此基础上绘制了道路交通事故发生机理图,同时结合国道109线兰州八盘村路段进行了实例分析。     

A traffic accident morphology diagnostic model based on a rough set decision tree

ABSTRACT

To build a traffic safety feature model and to quantify accident influences caused by some traffic violation behaviors of drivers, an accident diagnostic decision-making model is established. For the purpose of diagnosing accident morphologies, rough set theory is applied and the influence of traffic factors of different accident morphologies is quantified through calculating the degree of attribute importance, selecting core traffic factors and adopting a C4.5 decision tree algorithm. In the paper, road traffic accident data from 2008 to 2013 in Anhui Province are used. Typical rules are selected, targeted strategy proposals are put forward, and then, a scientific and reasonable diagnostic basis is provided for the diagnosis of traffic safety risks and the prediction of potential traffic accidents.     

西部公路交通安全应用技术成果推介

西部课题项目＂公路交通安全应用技术研究＂通过对道路交通设施进行系统的分析,提出并确定道路设计、建设、养护以及交通控制与管理方面的安全改善措施,为降低事故率、改善道路安全提供科学依据。本篇对该技术研究成果进行介绍,以进一步推广使用。     

道路交通事故分析及预防对策

道路交通事故的预防是一个系统工程,通过对全国和新疆道路交通安全现状与道路交通事故原因的对比分析,分别从影响道路交通安全的人、车、路及环境四个方面提出了降低和预防道路交通事故的发生,确保行车安全的相应措施和建议。     

Extracting accurate location information from a highly inaccurate traffic accident dataset: A methodology based on a string matching technique

The objective of this research was to develop a model for validating traffic accident locations that would be applicable worldwide, regardless of linguistic or cultural differences. In order to achieve this, a Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) dataset was used, the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project. To test the developed model, a total of 8550 accidents with fatal or non-fatal injuries that occurred in the City of Zagreb from 2010 to 2014 were evaluated. Traffic accident data was collected using the pen-and-paper method while the traffic accident locations were determined using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers embedded within police vehicles. This form of data entry invariably introduces errors in both geometric and contextual attributes. To fully counteract these errors, the developed model consists of two key concepts: the Jaro–Winkler string matching technique and the Inverse Distance Weighting method. Over 66% of traffic accident locations were validated, which is an increase of 15% when compared to the classical approach. The model outlined in this paper shows a significant improvement in estimating the correct location of traffic accidents. This in turn results in a drastic decrease in resources needed to estimate the quality of accident locations.     

浙江省高速公路交通事故特点及防治措施研究

随着经济的快速发展,高速公路通车里程得到快速增长,道路客、货运量及周转量不断高速发展,但高速公路的交通安全问题已经成为一个重要的研究课题。本文首先分析了浙江省高速公路交通事故的特点,然后运用轨迹交叉论进行交通事故的原因分析,识别浙江省高速公路危险源,最后有针对性地提出了浙江省高速公路交通事故防治措施。     

Profile of the accident prone older driver

Accident histories and other related records of elderly drivers were used to develop a profile of the accident prone older driver in Michigan. Elderly drivers were defined as drivers with age greater than or equal to 65 years. The variables used in the study were developed by stratifying drivers age, sex, and residency; type of accident and violation; and number of traffic infraction points received. Comparisons were made between these strata, and the statistical significance of observed patterns in cross tabulated data was tested by performing the chi-square test. The results of the study indicate that, by and large, the elderly drivers from urban areas as compared to those from rural areas, and male drivers as compared to females are more likely to be cited for traffic violations. The statistical analysis showed some recognizable traits of the “young” elderly drivers that suggest prioritized safety countermeasures oriented toward them.     

A Multiple Criteria Decision‐Making Approach for Prioritizing Accident Hotspots in the Absence of Crash Data

Abstract

In an efficient transportation system, traffic safety is an important issue and it is influenced by many factors. In a country like Iran, until now safety improvements are mainly concentrated on road engineering activities, without much attention for vehicle technology or driving behaviour. One important aspect of road safety engineering activities is the so‐called treatment of hotspots or dangerous accident locations. Until recently, accident hotspots were identified and remedied by the esxperts’ personal judgements and a handful of statistics without taking into account other important factors such as geometric and traffic conditions of the road network. This paper therefore aims to define and identify the criteria for accident hotspots, then giving a value to each criterion in order to develop a model to prioritize accident hotspots when traffic accident data is not available. To do this, the ‘Delphi’ method has been adopted and a prioritization model is produced by the use of a ‘Multiple Criteria Decision‐Making’ method. The procedure is illustrated on a collection of 20 road sections in Iran. In addition, the model is validated against an existing database of road sections containing safe locations and hotspots. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out on the proposed method.     

基于灰色理论的事故黑点改造效果分析

文章分析了汉宜高速公路黑点路段事故原因,提出黑点路段的具体整治措施,并结合汉宜高速公路改造后的事故特征,运用灰色预测模型,预测交通事故进一步的变化态势,结果表明:交通事故逐年减少,改造效果明显.