轮毂式电动汽车驱动系统发展综述

轮毂式电动汽车是直接将电机安装在车轮轮毂内的新型电动汽车。轮毂式电动汽车的关键技术就在于对轮边电机的控制,特别是转向时的差速控制。文章介绍了轮毂式电动汽车的发展历程、转向电子差速控制和关键技术。     

轮毂式电动汽车驱动系统发展综述

轮毂式电动汽车是直接将电机安装在车轮轮毂内的新型电动汽车。轮毂式电动汽车的关键技术就在于对轮边电机的控制,特别是转向时的差速控制。文中介绍了轮毂式电动汽车的发展历程,转向电子差速控制和关键技术。     

脉冲路面下轮毂电机偏心对电动汽车平顺性影响

为了分析脉冲路面下轮毂电机偏心对电动汽车平顺性的影响,给出了脉冲路面车轮激励和开关磁阻电机激励的表示。建立了考虑轮毂电机质量和轮毂电机激励的电动汽车平面4自由度振动模型,推导出相应的状态方程和输出向量,确定了脉冲路面平顺性评价指标。实现了脉冲路面车轮激励和轮毂电机激励的仿真,在脉冲路面下进行了4种工况的平顺性仿真和比较。结果表明,脉冲路面下轮毂电机偏心对电动汽车平顺性有着不可忽视的影响,设计电动汽车时需要考虑轮毂电机偏心带来的负效应。     

分布驱动式纯电动汽车驱动系统研究综述

轮毂电机直接驱动技术是纯电动汽车最具潜力的一个发展方向。文章介绍了轮毂电机直接驱动系统的研究背景和特点,分析了这种分布式驱动技术在国内外的研究和应用情况,提出了轮毂电机直接驱动技术存在的难点和解决对策,指出了分布驱动式纯电动汽车驱动系统的发展方向。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的轮毂电机驱动电动汽车状态估计

以非线性八自由度车辆模型为基础,利用轮毂电机驱动电动汽车四轮转矩容易获得的独特优势,将车轮转角、各个车轮驱动力矩、侧向加速度及横摆角速度作为算法输入,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)理论设计了轮毂电机驱动电动汽车行驶中状态估计算法。CarSim和Matlab/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,该算法能有效估计轮毂电机驱动电动汽车行驶中的纵向车速、侧倾角、侧倾角速度等状态。     

轮毂电机驱动电动汽车3种构型的平顺性分析

针对轮毂电机驱动电动汽车3种构型,对其平顺性问题展开研究。分别采用滤波白噪声方法和三角形凸块描述随机路面激励和脉冲路面激励。建立了轮毂电机驱动电动汽车3种构型的振动模型,确定了相应的平顺性评价指标。在随机路面和脉冲路面下,采用Matlab/Simulink仿真了轮毂电机驱动电动汽车3种构型的平顺性。研究结果表明,具有吸振结构的构型2和具有悬置结构的构型3与传统悬架的构型1相比,降低了轮毂电机驱动电动汽车随机路面和脉冲路面的平顺性评价指标。     

电动汽车轮毂电机技术

四、电动汽车轮毂电机的工作原理 当前电动汽车轮毂电机有直流电动机、无刷直流电动机、交流感应电动机（异步电动机）、永磁同步电动机和开关磁阻电动机等。 直流电动机分励磁式（有励磁线圈）和永磁式（永久磁铁）两大类。励磁式直流电机又分三类,即：1．他励直流电动机（见图15）;2．并励直流电动机：3．串励直流电动机。     

轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成技术研究现状

轮毂电机作为未来电动汽车驱动系统的发展方向,具有广阔的应用前景,轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成设计和协同控制为电动汽车制动系统亟待解决的关键技术之一。文章探讨了电动汽车轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成技术研究的必要性,分析了国内外轮毂电机技术以及轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成技术的研究现状。同时,总结了轮毂电机技术在电动汽车上的一些具体应用、轮毂电机与摩擦制动的集成设计结构、轮毂电机与摩擦制动的协同控制策略,提出了轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成技术所存在的一些问题及其发展趋势。     

基于ADAMS/Simulink联合仿真的电动汽车四轮轮毂电机驱动控制

使用ADAMS/View软件根据车辆动力学建立了国内某款电动汽车的整车动力学模型,使用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了直流无刷电机(BLDCM)的转速和电流双闭环控制模型。通过ADAMS与MATLAB/Simulink的联合仿真,实现BLDCM驱动电机与建立的整车动力学模型的连接,模拟4WD轮毂电机驱动,并设计了4个轮毂电机的转矩分配与补偿控制系统,通过联合仿真分析验证了该控制系统的有效性。模拟低摩擦路面上行驶的仿真结果显示,与单电机前驱相比,改进为4WD轮毂电机驱动的该款电动汽车在低摩擦路面上的动力性与稳定性有显著提高。     

轮毂电机驱动电动汽车主动悬架最优控制研究

为解决轮毂电机驱动电动汽车因非簧载质量的增加而导致行驶平顺性降低的问题,在轮辋内安装电磁式主动悬架。建立1/4车辆悬架模型,采用二次型最优控制策略,获得电磁作动器最优控制力。利用MATLAB软件搭建悬架仿真模型,结果表明对轮毂电机驱动电动汽车主动悬架采用最优控制策略能较好地改善汽车的平顺性。     

电动轮驱动电动汽车差速技术研究

提出了电动轮旋转动力学方程和对驱动电机采用转矩指令控制及车轮转速随动的方法,实现电动轮系统的自适应差速。进行了转向行驶、路面不平及不同车轮半径等工况的道路试验,试验结果表明:电动轮汽车在各种工况下都能保持良好的差速性能,具有自适应差速特性。     

纯电动汽车整车控制器进展

在广泛研究国内外纯电动汽车整车控制器的工作原理和系统结构的基础上．总结了如下特点：国外纯电动汽车整车控制器主要用于结构复杂的四轮驱动纯电动汽车和轮毂电机纯电动汽车中。对于单电机驱动的纯电动汽车,通常由电机控制器代替整车控制器实现控制功能。在国内市场没有纯电动汽车整车控制器产品的生产和销售．整车控制器停留在试验室研发阶段。本文可为企业开发出口纯电动汽车整车控制器和国家制订标准提供参考。     

Vehicle velocity estimation using effective inertia for an in-wheel electric vehicle

In this study, a vehicle velocity estimation algorithm for an in-wheel electric vehicle is proposed. This algorithm estimates the vehicle velocity using the concept of effective inertia, which is based on the motor torque, the angular velocity of each wheel and vehicle acceleration. Effective inertia is a virtual mass that changes according to the state of a vehicle, such as acceleration, deceleration, turning or driving on a low friction road. The performance of the proposed vehicle velocity estimation algorithm was verified in various conditions that included straight driving, circle driving and low friction road driving using the in-wheel electric vehicle that was equipped with an in-wheel system in each of its rear wheels.     

电动轮驱动的轿车差速性能试验

电动轮驱动的轿车取消机械式差速器后,使得各车轮运动状态相互独立,为保证车辆行驶中各车轮的转速协调,必须解决差速技术问题。文章介绍了采用电动轮驱动的轿车实车差速性能试验的过程,表明电动轮控制器可适应转向行驶和车轮半径不等引起的差速工况,实现很好的差速性能,指出该电动轮控制器可以在各种工况下实现良好的自适应差速性能。     

一种新能源汽车电动轮道路模拟仿真系统

通过对电动轮模块的原理及特性分析,以电动轮模块为研究对象,研发一款基于LabVIEW虚拟平台的电动轮模块专用测试系统。系统以转速、转矩、惯量、垂直载荷等为控制对象,对电动轮模块在路面的真实运动情况进行仿真,获取其动力性、制动性、可靠性、耐久性等参数,并通过电动轮及电机等相关标准进行验证。基于电动轮仿真参数,研发人员可加快设计及优化电动轮模块的控制算法。     

Cooperative control of the motor and the electric booster brake to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle

A cooperative control algorithm for an in-wheel motor and an electric booster brake is proposed to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle. The in-wheel system was modeled by dividing it into motor and mechanical parts, and the electric booster brake was modeled through tests. In addition, the response characteristics of the in-wheel system and the electric booster brake were compared through a frequency response analysis. In the cooperative control, the road friction coefficient was estimated using the wheel speed, motor torque, and braking torque of each wheel, and the torque limit of the wheel to the road was determined using the estimated road friction coefficient. Based on the estimated road friction coefficient and torque limit, a cooperative algorithm to control the motor and the electric booster brake was proposed to improve the stability of the in-wheel electric vehicle. The performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm was evaluated through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS). Furthermore, to verify the performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm, a test environment was constructed for the anti-lock braking system (ABS) hydraulic module hardware, and the performance of the cooperative control algorithm was compared with that of the ABS by means of a HILS test.     

12V低压锂离子蓄电池在电动汽车中的应用研究

电动汽车轻量化是现阶段研究的一个重要课题,针对电动汽车低压蓄电池的轻量化课题,探讨锂离子电池应用的可行性。以北汽新能源某一型号纯电动轿车作为研究对象,同时将12 V/30 Ah锂离子蓄电池和12 V/60 Ah铅酸蓄电池的性能进行对比分析,试验结果表明锂离子蓄电池样品可以满足电动汽车的低压用电需求,并且其充放电性能,特别是低温充放电性能要优于铅酸电池。此外,锂离子蓄电池样品的质量较铅酸电池有大幅降低,这对于电动汽车的轻量化设计具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

Cooling performance of 25 kW in-wheel motor for electric vehicles

The in-wheel motor used in electric vehicles was designed and constructed for an electric direct-drive traction system. It is difficult to connect cooling water piping to the in-wheel motor because the in-wheel motor is located within the wheel structure. In the air cooling structure for the in-wheel motor, an outer surface on the housing is provided with cooling grooves to increase the heat transfer area. In this study, we carried out the analysis on the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the in-wheel motor for various motor speeds and heat generations. In order to resolve heat release, the analysis has been performed using conjugate heat transfer (conduction and convection). As a result, flow fields and temperature distribution inside the in-wheel motor were obtained for base speed condition (1250 rpm) and maximum speed condition (5000 rpm). The thermo-flow analysis of the in-wheel motor for vehicles was performed in consideration of ram air effect. Also, in order to improve cooling effect of the motor, we variously changed geometries of housing. Therefore, we confirmed the feasibility of the air cooling for the motors of 25 kW capacity with housing geometry having cooling grooves and investigated the cooling performance enhancement. We found that the cooling effect was most excellent, in case that cooling groove direction was same with air flow direction and arranged densely.     

四轮独立驱动电动汽车电动轮影响研究

为了分析轮毂电机驱动电动汽车簧下质量变大导致的垂向振动负效应问题,根据自主研发可以四轮独立驱动的轮毂电机电动汽车,建立集中电机和轮毂电机驱动汽车的1/4动力学模型,在相同路面输入下,对汽车平顺性评价指标进行对比分析,说明轮毂电机驱动下电动轮结构对车辆垂向性能的影响。研究结果证明,轮毂电机驱动汽车的车身垂向加速度和轮胎动载荷都有所增加,这种变化将对车辆的行驶平顺性造成一定程度的恶化。