Nonlinear pitch control of an underwater glider based on adaptive backstepping approach

Underwater gliders are highly efficient and long-ranged autonomous underwater vehicles. The typical dynamic modeling in the vertical plane is of multi-input multi-output(MIMO), which is underactuated while easily affected by the ambient environment. To resolve the problems of MIMO, the dynamic model is transformed into a single-input single-output(SISO) system with two dubious parameters, and an adaptive backstepping controller is designed and applied in this paper. A Lyapunov function has been established with the total energy of the system converged in the controller. Contrast result of simulation has demonstrated that the derived nonlinear controller has higher tracking precision and faster response than the proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control method,which indicates its excellent capability to deal with the controlling problems of underwater gliders.     

Nonlinear feedforward and feedback control design for autonomous underwater glider

Underwater gliders are highly efficient, buoyancy-driven, and winged autonomous underwater vehicles. Their dynamics are multivariable nonlinear systems with unstable internal dynamics and thus their motion control is a significant challenge. To improve the inherent efficiency and enhance the behavior of the underwater glider over a wide operating regime, a nonlinear feedforward and feedback controller was developed. The nonlinear feedforward control design is based on a new stable inversion technique which determines a causal and bounded solution for the unstable internal dynamics. The feedback control law was designed by a quadratic optimal control method. Simulation results show that the derived control system is able to deal with nonminimum phase system and successfully achieves the tracking of planned output trajectories from initial to final conditions. Furthermore, the control effort is very low, which means the glider with limited power storage has longer range and higher endurance.     

MODELING OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS BY MULTIPLE LINEARIZED MODELS

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基于LS—SVM逆系统方法的非线性动态矩阵控制

针对神经网络逆系统建模存在的诸多问题,提出了基于最小二乘法支持向量机的α阶逆系统方法的非线性动态矩阵控制新方法．将最小二乘支持向量机辨识非线性对象的α阶逆模型与原系统串联组成伪线性系统,根据线性动态矩阵预测控制方法对伪线性系统进行控制．仿真结果表明,系统存在扰动和模型参数发生变化时,依然具有很好的动、静态性能,且表现出很强的鲁棒性,证明了方法的有效性．该方法不依赖于系统的数学模型,简化了非线性对象动态矩阵控制器的设计,为非线性预测控制的研究提供了一种新途径．     

前馈多源信息下异构动力学卡车队列协同控制系统

针对目前卡车队列动力学异构性所导致的系统弦稳定性、内部稳定性以及队列耦合性降低的问题,提出了一种异构协同自适应巡航系统控制器设计方法,建立了基于前馈多源信息的异构动力学卡车队列闭环耦合系统;考虑由异构车型所构成的卡车队列存在发动机执行器的饱和态异构问题,建立了发动机饱和性和状态约束条件;在上层协同控制器的基础上,建立了一种非线性下层异构发动机扭矩输出控制模型,用于控制车辆动力学仿真软件TruckSim中的真实车辆模型;建立了基于三维燃油特性图的车辆能耗模型,用于计算实时车辆油耗和节能性分析;通过频域分析法,结合已知异构动力学参数量化标定了协同自适应巡航系统控制器的增益,确保系统满足弦稳定条件。分析结果表明：相比同构动力学控制器,异构协同自适应巡航系统控制器可以确保距离误差在-0.01～0.15 m内,优于同构控制器作用下的-0.3～0.5 m,且当领航车进入匀速行驶状态时,跟随车辆能立刻收敛至相同的行驶状态,收敛性能优于同构协同自适应巡航控制系统;卡车队列节油率最大可达8.15%,随着车头时距减小至0.5 s,平均节油率最大可达8.10%。由此可见,多源前馈信息异构控制系统能有效降低车...     

Simulation platform for the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane’s dynamic model and central pattern generator

A systematic method for swimming control of the underwater snake-like robot is still lacking. We construct a simulation platform of the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane＇s dynamic model and central pattern generator （CPG）. The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane＇s approach. Hydrodynamic coefficients are determined by experiments. Then, we design a CPG-based control architecture implemented as the system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. The CPG, like its biological counterpart, can produce coordinated patterns of rhythmic activity while being modulated by simple control parameters. The relations between the CPG parameters and the speed of the underwater snake-like robot swimming are investigated. Swimming in a straight line, turning, and switching between swimming modes are implemented in our simulation platform to prove the feasibility of the proposed simulation platform. The results show that the simulation platform can imitate different swimming modes of the underwater snake-like robot.     

齿轮系统非线性动力学研究进展及展望

基于非线性系统的分析方法，综述了齿轮系统的非线性动力学研究概况，包括基于解析方法，数值方法，实验方法，以及考虑齿面摩擦和齿面故障的齿轮系统的非线性动力学研究。最后指出了若干可能的研究热点和方向，如带故障的齿轮系统非线性动力学行为研究，齿轮系统的振动控制研究，以及齿轮系统非线性动力学中的反问题研究等。     

干摩擦自激振动系统的滑模变结构控制

研究两自由度于摩擦自激振动系统的解耦和主动控制.首先利用平均法计算系统的定常解,分析纯滑动形式的干摩擦自激振动特性,然后采用非线性控制的微分几何方法设计解耦规律,对解耦得到的线性子系统,应用滑模变结构控制理论设计控制器,分析控制器参数和系统参数对控制效果的影响.仿真结果表明该控制器可以有效地抑制系统的摩擦颤振.     

船舶航向不对称信息理论与非线性逆推鲁棒控制算法

应用不对称信息理论和鲁棒控制算法简化非线性逆推算法,针对非线性船舶航向保持系统,设计了其Backstepping逆推控制器,由非线性函数项和常规线性控制器组成,将简化的Back-stepping法与闭环增益成形算法相结合,设计其非线性鲁棒控制器。通过非线性鲁棒控制器的控制能够使船舶无超调、无静差地跟踪设定航向,调节时间为600 s,符合船舶航行的实际情况,控制效果良好;当系统增加干扰后,系统的控制输出除了因干扰产生的抖动外,其跟踪性能仍然较好,航向输出无静差,说明控制器具有一定的鲁棒性;是否全部对消非线性项,对其控制效果相差不大,说明当模型发生参数摄动时,系统的控制性能仍能保证。     

基于PSO算法的磁浮系统PID控制器优化与评价

为了改善磁浮系统的非线性和不稳定性特点,利用微分几何方法将两个不同结构的非线性子系统转化为两个相同结构的线性子系统,设计了基于标准粒子群算法的比例积分微分控制器.从固定惯性权重、线性递减惯性权重和线性微分递减惯性权重中,选出适合电磁铁1和电磁铁2的固定惯性权重,得到电磁铁1控制器的固定惯性权重参数C为0.5,电磁铁2控制器的固定惯性权重参数C为0.49,并且通过建立模糊综合评价模型得出优化后的电磁铁1和电磁铁2的控制器抗干扰的能力是好,且好的隶属度皆为0.561 9.实验结果表明,优化后的磁浮系统具有较好的鲁棒性.      

Formation control of underwater mobile sensing networks

Formation control is essential for an underwater mobile sensing network (UMSN), and an ad hoc network which wirelessly connects underwater vehicles of sensing and/or observing types via acoustic communications, to fulfill mobile sensing tasks. The problem of formation control for a UMSN with varying topology is studied in this paper. The methodology of synthesizing distributed formation controller which stabilizes a UMSN with varying topology is proposed on the basis of the stability analysis of linear time-varying systems.     

High-Accuracy Pneumatic Position Control by Applying Nonlinear Control and Arranging Transient Process

By applying a nonlinear control and arranging a transient process, the initiative error of the pneumatic servo positioning system is reduced largely, and a larger gain of the controller is used to improve the responding speed of the system at the same damping ratio. Therefore, a compromise is made among the responding speed, overshoot, robustness, adaptability and stability. In addition, a dynamic output feedback controller, including position velocity and acceleration (PVA) feedback, is designed to improve the performance of the system. And a nonlinear controller is reconstructed based on the linear output feedback controller to decrease noises and disturbances. The dynamic responses of the system are simulated and tested. Results show that the error is kept within 0.02 mm under different mass loads and the positioning transient process is smooth, without overshoot and speedy.     

Chaotic anti-control for the bounded linear continuous-time system

With regard to the bounded linear continuous-time system, a universal chaotic anti-controlling method was presented on the basis of tracking control. A tracking controller is designed to such an extent that it can track any chaotic reference input, thus making it possible to chaotify the linear system. The controller is identical in structure for different controlled linear systems. Computer simulations proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于模糊线性模型的舵减横摇广义预测控制

舵减摇技术是一项新的减摇技术,通常其控制器设计所用的舰船模型为通用线性模型,对实际上为非线性被控对象的控制性能要下降.文中依据非线性舰船模型,应用模糊神经网络简化出适应于舵减横摇控制器设计的模糊线性模型,并设计了广义预测控制器.在典型航行工况下进行系统仿真.仿真结果表明,针对模糊线性模型和通用线性模型,用同一种方法与参数设计的2个控制器,前者的减摇率可达到40.70%,要高于后者的25.38%.仿真证明了模糊线性模型的可用性.     

DYNAMIC HUNTING EXTREMUM CONTROL METHOD BASED ON MEASURE AND ESTIMATION

Anextremumcontrolsystembasedoncommonhuntingmethods[1 ] cannotworkwellforindustrialprocesses:becauseofthesysteminertialandtimedelayinfluences,thesystemwillbecomeoscillat ing ,workinwrongstepsorwillbehuntingforalongtimefortheworking process.Thepreviousmethod[2 ] canonlyapplytothesystemthathasafastdynamicprocessoritsdynamicresponsecanbeignored .Thispaper proposedadynamichuntingmethod differencepre estimationandcomparisonmethod .Thismethodcanbeusedinsecond orderorhighordersystemswithlargetimecons…     

Nonlinear and Variable Structure Excitation Controller for Power System Stability

A new nonlinear variable structure excitation controller is proposed. Its design combines the differential geometry theory and the variable structure controlling theory. The mathematical model in the form of ＂an affme nonlinear system＂ is set up for the control of a large-scale power system. The static and dynamic performances of the nonlinear variable structure controller are simulated. The response of system with the controller proposed is compared to that of the nonlinear optimal controller when the system is subjected to a variety of disturbances. Simulation results show that the nonlinear variable structure excitation controller gives more satisfactorily static and dynamic performance and better robustness.     

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无论是经典还是现代控制理论,大多是建立在线性系统基础上,目前对非线性系统还没有比较成熟的理论.常规PID控制在对象变化时,控制器的参数不能自动修改适应.将模糊控制与PID控制相结合,利用模糊推理方法实现对PID参数的在线自整定,设计了一种模糊自适应PID控制器.在分析汽车模型的基础上,采用PID控制、模糊自适应PID控制两种方法,联合Simulink软件分别对汽车的防抱死制动系统（ABS）进行刹车运动仿真研究,极大地提高了模糊控制方法和PID控制算法的应用性能.结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制方法可以达到更好的制动效果,提高了系统的动态性能和安全性能.     

列车动力学的非线性数值分析方法

列车动力学方程是个复杂非线性方程,必须采用数值积分方法求解。本 文从工程实用的观点出发,提供了二类简单有效的数值积分方法—Ne物ark显式积分法及其显一隐式预刚一校正积分法。这类积分方法,积 分过程简捷,.程序编制容易;由于积分过程中无须求解高阶线性代数方 程组,这就显著地提高了积分速度,并有效地节约了计算内存,从而在 普通微机上实现了对大型列车动力学问题的模拟分析。 文中建议了一种判定工程实际问题之非线性数值积分稳定性的实用办 法,并成协地应用子重载列车动力学分析石在此基拙上进一步实现了变 步长积分计算,大大提高了计算速度。通过算例校验及与试验结果的对 照,证实了方法的非线性数值分析有效性。      

水下涡轮发动机动力推进系统数学模型

为了维持水下开式循环涡轮发动机系统的高性能和经济性,针对系统对于工况变化极为敏感的工作特点,计算了喷管在各种工况下的出口速度,分析了变转速、变压力条件下的涡轮输出转矩,建立了适用于系统优化和新型控制器设计的系统数学模型。以设计压力比为关键参数,取该模型的稳态特性,可得到由系统转速、航速、燃烧室压力、航深、推进剂耗量以及设计压力比构成的封闭代数方程,以多速制组合航程最大为寻优目标,可完成系统所有设计参数的优化。实践证明采用该模型可使系统经济性提高8%以上。     

Technique of Probability Density Function Shape Control for Nonlinear Stochastic Systems

The shape control of probability density function(PDF) of the system state is an important topic in stochastic systems. In this paper, we propose a control technique for PDF shape of the state variable in nonlinear stochastic systems. Firstly, we derive and prove the form of the controller by investigating the Fokker-PlanckKolmogorov(FPK) equation arising from the stochastic system. Secondly, an approach for getting approximate solution of the FPK equation is provided. A special function including some parameters is taken as the approximate stationary solution of the FPK equation. We use nonlinear least square method to solve the parameters in the function, and capture the approximate solution of the FPK equation. Substituting the approximate solution into the form of the controller, we can acquire the PDF shape controller. Lastly, some example simulations are conducted to verify the algorithm.