波浪作用下结构-海床耦合系统失稳破坏机理的数值探究

为探究波浪作用下结构-海床耦合系统的失稳破坏机理,建立能模拟此破坏情况的计算模型,文章在设置接触面情况下,将循环荷载作用下饱和粘土不排水抗剪强度模型及动孔压模型引入等效线性化计算模型,并对该耦合系统进行动力分析计算,计算结果更准确地反映了土体的塑性变形积累和强度衰退随循环荷载周期的变化,并且与模型实验的观测结果更接近。     

波浪作用下沉入式大圆筒结构与海床土耦合系统的动力分析

基于大型通用有限元软件MSC．Marc，通过二次开发成功地将土动力学中的等效线性模型和等效线性化算法引入其中．并对所建立的结构一波浪一海床耦合系统的有限元模型进行了动力计算，且对耦合系统中的接触面效应进行了考察。结果表明，等效线性模型与线弹性模型相比，能较好地反映土体的非线性变形特性，接触面的存在会增大耦合系统中结构的位移，且土体变形越大，接触面效应越明显。     

结构-波浪-海床耦合系统动力有限元分析

基于MSC．Marc软件平台，建立了结构-波浪-海床耦合系统的有限元计算模型，并通过二次开发，成功地将土动力学中广泛用于计算土体在动荷载作用下响应的等效线性算法引入软件中。对模型进行了动力计算，考察了此类结构在动力荷载下的响应。     

海上风电复合筒型基础抗波浪液化研究

海上风电复合筒型基础周围海床在波浪作用下会发生液化现象,近年来许多学者都对海床抗液化措施进行了研究。采用基于开源软件OpenFOAM建立的波浪-海床-结构物相互作用的CFD-CSD耦合模型,模拟求解波浪作用下海床动力响应及考虑结构物的复杂波浪荷载条件下的响应问题。通过数值模拟复合筒型基础周围的海床表面覆盖不同块石下的动力响应和液化范围分布,表明上覆块石层厚度越大,抗液化效果越好。     

复合筒型基础周围土体在波浪作用下的动力响应

利用OpenFOAM模拟数值波浪水槽,将复合筒型基础周围海床受到的波压力作为初始条件输入有限元软件ABAQUS,建立波浪作用下海床动力响应模型。数值模拟结果与实验结果及解析解吻合较好。运用此模型进行了复合筒型基础周围海床在行进波作用下动力响应研究和土体特性对波浪作用下海床动力响应的影响分析,结果表明,海床孔隙水压衰减速度随着海床渗透系数和弹性模量的增加而增大。     

砂质海床特性对单桩所受波浪荷载的影响

砂质海床特性极大地影响波浪与海工单桩基础结构的相互作用,而将多孔介质海床简化为刚性、不可渗透固体海床,忽视了多孔介质海床对波浪能量的影响。研究砂质海床孔隙率、介质颗粒平均粒径对单桩所受波浪荷载的影响,设计5种不同海床特性的波浪水槽试验。研究结果表明:在相同波浪条件下,砂质海床结构内部的孔隙流对波浪能量产生衰减作用,随着颗粒直径的增大,波浪能量衰减愈加明显,单桩所受波浪荷载越小。当海床孔隙率较小,海床结构内部水流运动微弱,多孔结构对波浪消能作用不明显。当海床孔隙率进一步增加,海床结构内部水流运动增强,多孔结构对波浪消能作用显著,单桩所受波浪荷载明显减弱。     

波浪作用下海上风力发电装置基础海床的液化研究

基于FLOW软件建立三维数值波浪水池模型,模拟海上风力发电装置筒型基础周边的波浪场和海床表面的波压力,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立筒型基础及周边海床的三维动力响应数值模型,研究不同波浪条件下筒型基础周边海床的动力响应和液化深度。研究结果表明：波浪作用下海上风电筒型基础迎浪侧的海床易发生液化,风力发电装置基础周围海床的液化深度随波高加大而增加,由于筒型基础的人土深度较大,筒内土体不发生液化。     

随机波浪作用下砂质海床中的孔隙水压力响应

本文以动弹性固结理论和线性渗流理论为基础，建立了求解随机波浪作用下饱和砂质海床中孔隙水压力响应的有限元方程，并用Wilson-θ法进行动力响应求解。海床可为具有任何边界条件的分层分块介质，作用波浪可为任何形态的随机波浪。忽略波浪和海床的动态相互作用，海床面上的波浪压力可先按各种波浪理论进行计算，之后作为边界塔荷载作用于海床。计算孔隙水压力与模型实验的量测值吻合较好。通过计算讨论分析了砂质海床中的孔隙水压力响应。     

运动海床对近海风机单桩基础的影响

以东海大桥海上风电场为研究背景,首先基于Biot固结理论求解了不同波况下多层非均质土体的位移、超孔压的分布,讨论了波浪荷载对海床运动的影响。而后基于土体位移计算结果,应用支座位移加载法与p-y曲线法相结合的方法,求解了运动海床作用下近海风机单桩基础的内力和变形,并将其结果与不考虑运动海床作用的结果进行了对比。对比结果显示:运动海床对桩身的变形影响显著,设计中有必要进行运动海床作用下的变形校核。     

海床冲淤模型中长周期动力代表数据输入的概化研究

海床冲淤变换属于长期行为,其海洋动力输入条件的概化处理是模型初始输入动力条件的一个关键问题。在本文中,利用波浪、潮流二维泥沙数学模型对长周期动力海床模型中代表数据输入的概化条件作了进一步的研究:采用比较代表条件与真实条件下多年实测平均海床冲淤强度近似以及把潮周期中具有平均意义的波浪过程概化要素叠加到潮流场中的方法分别对实际潮流、波浪数据进行概化处理的方法来模拟波流共同作用下的海床地形演变过程。并对黄河三角洲的胜利油田海区、岸线进行了验证计算。     

高桩码头-岸坡相互作用有限元数值模拟

高桩码头-岸坡体系的相互作用机理一直是困扰工程界的难题。基于某突堤的现场勘察资料和土体参数,建立了高桩码头与岸坡相互作用的二维平面应变问题和三维空间问题的弹塑性有限元模型,采用与M ohr-Co lum n准则匹配的D rucker-P rager准则作为土的屈服准则,分析了桩基-岸坡体系的变形机理,同时,针对二维和三维情况各种工况组合进行了对比分析,并结合土体参数和现场测斜资料,分析了高桩码头-岸坡体系的变形规律,并指出了影响桩、梁和岸坡体系变形的主要因素,并建议了合理的治理方案。     

不同加载方式下真空加固吹填软土的现场试验与数值模拟*

吹填软土在真空负压作用下发生排水固结时,其强度和变形特性与真空负压的加载方式关系密切。首先对吹填软土进行了真空预压现场加固试验,通过对地表沉降、真空度跟踪监测,研究并比较不同负压加载方式下地基沉降规律及加固效果;然后采用FLAC3D建立三维弹塑性数值模型,对软土地基采用不同加载方式进行数值模拟,并与现场试验的实测数据进行对比,深入探讨加载方式对软土地基固结影响的细观机理。研究结果表明：采用真空预压法加固吹填软土地基时,慢速加载方式比瞬时加载方式更有利于土体的加固,建议在实际工程中采用分级加载方式施加真空荷载。     

Dynamic coupled analysis of the floating platform using the asynchronous coupling algorithm

This paper discusses the numerical modeling of the dynamic coupled analysis of the floating platform and mooring/risers using the asynchronous coupling algorithm with the purpose to improve the computational efficiency when multiple lines are connected to the platform. The numerical model of the platform motion simulation in wave is presented. Additionally, how the asynchronous coupling algorithm is implemented during the dynamic coupling analysis is introduced. Through a comparison of the numerical results of our developed model with commercial software for a SPAR platform, the developed numerical model is checked and validated.     

饱和软黏土中吸力锚的承载能力数值分析*

利用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS,基于总应力分析法,建立了饱和软黏土中吸力锚的三维有限元数值模型,通过与物理模型试验对比,验证了数值模型的正确性.计算分析了吸力锚的水平承载力特性及其破坏模式、最优系缆深度上的倾斜承载力包络图.通过对有限元结果进行拟合分析,提出了吸力锚承载能力的简化计算公式,公式中考虑了长径比、加载角度和土体不排水抗剪强度的影响.     

自平衡法荷载沉降曲线的数值模拟分析

从自平衡法和静载荷法的加载机理入手,分析了自平衡法荷载沉降曲线的特点,重点讨论了桩周土为粘性土时,自平衡法中上段桩体负摩擦转换成正摩擦时,转换系数K的合理取值范围。运用AN-SYS有限元软件,建立了三维空间有限元模型,考虑桩与桩周土相互作用接触面滑移特性,对自平衡法及静载荷法进行模拟计算及对比分析,得到桩周土为粘性土且转换系数K取值1.15～1.20时,2种方法的荷载沉降曲线较为吻合。     

低周疲劳载荷下考虑累积塑性的船舶裂纹板剩余极限强度研究

研究表明在恶劣海洋环境中船体结构整体断裂破坏往往是低周疲劳破坏和累积塑性破坏的耦合结果。考虑这两者耦合作用的影响,评估船体结构的极限承载力更为实际。基于累积塑性和低周疲劳裂纹扩展,从理论上分析了平面内低周疲劳载荷下裂纹板的残余极限强度。经过一系列数值模拟,首先讨论低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响,然后随着疲劳裂纹扩展的发展,主要讨论了初始变形,焊接残余应力,裂纹扩展长度,裂纹分布和裂纹板厚度对低周疲劳载荷下船体裂纹板极限强度的影响。     

Support condition monitoring of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines in layered soil based on model updating

Monopile-supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are dynamically sensitive structures whose fundamental frequencies may be close to those of environmental and turbine-related excitations. The changes in fundamental frequencies caused by pile-soil interaction (PSI) may result in unwanted resonance and serious O&M (Operation and Maintenance) issues, which have been identified as major challenges in the research field. Therefore, a novel model updating framework with an implicit objective function is proposed to monitor both the stiffness and damping variation of the OWT system based on the measured vibration characteristics, which is further verified by laboratory tests. In particular, layered soil was considered in the tests to simulate the practical soil conditions of Chinese seas. Different pile lengths were introduced to consider the long-term PSI effects for rigid piles and slender piles. The results showed that the variation in the fundamental frequency is significantly reduced in layered soil compared with the pure sand scenario. For the OWT systems in layered soil, the variation in foundation stiffness is negatively related to the burial depth under cyclic loading. The proposed model updating framework is proven reliable for support condition monitoring of OWT systems in complicated soil conditions.     

Advances in the three-dimensional fluid–structure–soil interaction analysis of offshore jack-up structures

The operation of mobile jack-up drilling rigs in harsher ocean environments requires enhanced understanding of their behaviour in storm loading conditions and suitable numerical simulation tools for the assessment of their suitability for a particular site. This paper introduces the numerical program SOS_3D, which incorporates appropriate models for the three components of the structure, the soil and the environmental loading of offshore structures like jack-ups. The program is formulated for three-dimensional (3D) analysis and provides an integrated approach to the inter-related aspects of fluid–structure–soil interaction analysis. In applying the program, results of an example jack-up subjected to both symmetric and asymmetric loading situations are compared and discussed. Quasistatic push-over analyses are used to illustrate aspects of jack-up behaviour in three dimensions. Furthermore, jack-up response to storm loading conditions is predicted in dynamic wave loading analyses, demonstrating the necessity of 3D dynamic simulations and emphasising the benefit of using a force-resultant foundation model based on plasticity theory.     

Estimation of natural frequencies and damping using dynamic field data from an offshore wind turbine

The dynamic characteristics of offshore wind turbines are heavily affected by environmental loads from wave and wind action and nonlinear soil behaviour. In the design of the monopile structures, the fatigue load due to wind and wave loading is one of the most important problems to consider. Since the fatigue damage is sensitive to the foundation stiffness and damping, increasing the accuracy of analysis tools used in the design and optimization process can improve the reliability of the structure and reduce conservatism, thereby leading to a more cost-efficient design. In this context, analysis of field data is important for calibrating and verifying purposes. This paper presents analysis of measured accelerations and strains from a wind farm in the North Sea with monopile foundations. Field data during idling conditions, collected over long periods of operation, are analysed and the natural frequencies are determined, and damping is estimated. The measured natural frequencies are compared to calculated values using an aero-servo-hydro-elastic code, showing a good agreement in the frequency range below 2 Hz. Variation of the natural frequencies with intensity of loading may indicate effect of soil nonlinearity on the overall OWT response. Since the first natural bending modes have the largest potential to mobilize soil reactions, they are of primary interest in this context. The effect of load (wave, wind and dynamic bending moment) on the first natural frequency is investigated using different analysis techniques in the frequency domain and time domain. A clear correlation between load level and first natural frequency is demonstrated. A simple nonlinear SSI model of the tower/soil system is employed to numerically investigate the observed changes in the measured first natural frequency with the level of loading and increased overall damping. The simulated results reproduce the general trends in the observed reduction in the first natural frequency and increased damping ratio with the load level. However, the effect of the load level is less than that observed in the measurements, indicating contribution also from other factors than soil nonlinearity.