中长周期波下“天麟号”绞吸挖泥船的施工适应性*

针对“天麟号”绞吸挖泥船在海外施工时遇到的中长周期波问题，建立“天麟号”的风浪流计算模型，计算不同波高、不同周期和不同浪向的船体波浪力，根据静力平衡方法得出三缆定位钢丝绳的作用荷载，根据最大荷载确定绞吸挖泥船能够施工的最大有效波高。结果表明，在中长周期范围内，随着波浪周期的增加，“天麟号”受到的波浪力逐渐减小，三缆定位钢丝绳的受力也逐步减小。波浪周期在13～16 s时，“天麟号”能够施工的最大有效波高为0.55 m，顶浪施工的最大有效波浪为0.76 m。     

绞吸式挖泥船三缆定位控制系统设计

传统绞吸式挖泥船多采用钢桩系统移船定位,此方法简单方便,但只适用于浅水和小风浪区域。在深水和大风浪环境下多采用三缆定位模式进行移船定位。本文将根据三缆定位的控制要求设计一套绞吸式挖泥船三缆定位控制系统。     

绞吸挖泥船柔性钢桩原理及分析

柔性钢桩是减缓超大型绞吸挖泥船的定位桩在高海况下受力问题的一种系统装备。文中研究并阐述了绞吸挖泥船柔性钢桩的工作原理,根据某实船算例进行其缓冲能力的分析计算;通过梳理、分析系统各部件间的机械关系和联动机制,在MATLAB软件中建立其数学计算模型。计算结果表明:该系统性能曲线线性程度较高,预压参数对其缓冲能力影响显著,是设计中的重要参数。柔性钢桩通过油缸做功来吸收船体上部分外力,从而减缓定位桩的受力,能有效提高绞吸船在高海况下的可作业性。     

三缆定位控制系统的实现

"三缆定位"为绞吸式挖泥船的定位方式之一,比起"钢桩定位"方式,它更适合大挖深、大风浪等恶劣工况,但其原理上更复杂,对技术要求更高."三缆定位"主要通过绞吸式挖泥船尾部的三根定位钢缆来给船舶定位.众所周知,绞吸挖泥船的施工精度,主要由船舶的定位精度来决定,所以,一个准确高效的"三缆定位"算法将是系统设计的核心.通过对"三缆定位"控制原理及过程的描述,最终实现了绞吸式挖泥船的"三缆定位".     

桩定位铲斗挖泥船的安全抬船高度

铲斗挖泥船作业时利用插入江底的定位钢桩将船舶部分抬出水面，形成一个在风浪流条件下能够安全作业的固定平台，其抬船高度与作业工况、外界载荷等密切相关。为了确定抬船高度，本文首先计算不同环境条件下铲斗挖泥船受到的环境外载荷，接着通过建立铲斗挖泥船力学模型计算四种典型作业工况下桩腿受力，以桩腿受力为零作为上拔临界状态计算铲斗挖泥船在不同作业工况、波高、浪向、作业方向、使用不同容量铲斗时的最小抬船高度，得到不同波高下要求的安全抬船高度，并得出了浪向和作业方向对最小抬船高度的影响规律。建立的抬船高度预报方法为此类船舶的定位桩设计和作业时的抬船操作提供参考。     

施工期天鲸号适应能力分析

天鲸号绞吸式挖泥船在海上进行疏浚作业时,波浪要素需要满足一定条件,才能保证安全施工。为了确定防波堤修建后掩护区的波浪条件是否满足天鲸号的施工要求,采用数学模型计算了某集装箱码头工程在不同节点时防波堤掩护区的波浪条件,对天鲸号挖泥船适应能力进行分析,并给出如果不满足施工要求时防波堤需延伸的长度。结果表明:波浪数值模拟技术可以很好地为挖泥船海上安全作业提供可靠的依据,避免风险。     

大型绞吸船最小挖宽和挖深的计算方法

针对大型绞吸挖泥船进行硬底质航道疏浚施工时,其最小挖宽和挖深受到限制的问题,提出通过计算确定绞吸船最小挖宽和挖深的解决方案。分别依据标准规范和船舶几何尺寸,考虑多种波浪条件下的绞吸船最小挖深挖宽计算方法,得出某工程大型绞吸船在进行航道施工时的最小挖宽和挖深,经工程实践证明该方法可行。     

“天麒”船自动三缆定位控制系统的设计与实现

为满足绞吸式挖泥船在风浪条件下的施工需求,针对三缆定位控制系统进行了深入研究,开发出一套适合绞吸式挖泥船的自动三缆定位系统,并将该系统成功应用于“天麒”船。该系统采用双PID控制思想,对变频器速度环进行有效控制,可以使得船舶在步进过程中既能保证按施工线方向行走,又可减少风浪流对定位过程的影响,从而实现船舶快速定位,提高施工效率。     

大型绞吸挖泥船性能提升研究

在中长周期波浪海况条件下，针对我国早期研制的大型绞吸挖泥船施工适应性差、长排距工程排距受限等难题。本文以“天杉”船为研究对象，通过理论分析、数值模拟、有限元分析计算、实船验证等方法，开展了大型绞吸挖泥船定位系统性能提升、输送系统性能提升、船舶动力系统升级研究，形成了一系列大型绞吸挖泥船性能提升的技术，并成功应用。为我国早期研制的大型绞吸挖泥船的性能改善提供参考。     

绞吸式挖泥船波浪载荷及横向强度直接计算

为了优化绞吸式挖泥船船型的设计,提高绞吸式挖泥船的设计质量和效率,以一艘124 m绞吸式挖泥船为研究对象,根据三维势流理论,采用SESAM软件系统对其波浪载荷进行直接计算,并与中国船级社《国内航行海船建造规范》(以下简称"规范")的计算值进行比较;采用MSC.patran/nastran软件进行泥舱横向强度有限元直接计算分析,对横向强度进行校核,确认合理的符合绞吸式挖泥船船型特点的波浪载荷、关键结构控制区域以及装载工况,为优化设计、提高设计质量和效率提供依据。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。