Analysis of Influence of Design Parameters on Steered Wheels Shimmy of Heavy Vehicles

SUMMARY

In choosing the steering system parameters the tendency is towards the minimization of kinematic errors that appear during turning. For that developed procedures exist that take into account also the influence of kinematic of the suspension system on kinematic parameters of vehicle turning. Besides that, maintenance tests have shown, that increased deflections of the suspension system lead to increased wear of tires of steered wheels. In this paper, a method is developed for minimization of steered wheel shimmy and its wear also during the straight-line drive of heavy vehicles. The procedure can also be used in the phase of designing the heavy vehicles.     

汽车转向轮摆振研究

回顾了国内外摆振研究所取得的成果。指出，按照不同的分类标准，转向轮摆振研究的内容也不同。分析了几个主要因素对转向轮摆振的影响，指出未来摆振的研究应着重从强迫型摆振、自激型摆振、模型参数识别及高速摆振等几方面进行。     

车辆前轮摆振的原因分析与解决方法

简要介绍前轮摆振的现象;分析原因,并找出解决方法。     

Dynamic Characteristics of Steered Railway Vehicles and Implications to Design

Railway vehicles with steered axles possess some unique dynamic characteristics. This paper reviews the reasons for the differences between these and more conventional vehicles and examines the results of analysis demonstrating the sensitivity of the phenomena to various mass, stiffness and geometric parameters. The implications which these results carry are discussed in terms of their design importance and their effect upon the performance boundaries of steel-wheeled rail vehicles. This review shows that a profound understanding of steered axle railway vehicles is developing and that this leads to the conclusion that a wide range of applications can benefit from their use.     

车轮偏心对转向盘摆振的影响分析

为了提升整车操纵稳定性和舒适性,采用理论分析和实车试验相结合的方法探讨了车轮偏心对转向盘摆振的影响。从理论上分析了车轮偏心引起的激振力和车轮动不平衡对转向盘摆振的贡献;以某B级车为研究对象,进行了多个因素的对比试验。结果表明:调整车轮动平衡对转向盘摆振稍有影响,调整下摆臂后衬套也有一定影响,但都不能明显减小振动加速度幅值;调整车轮偏心对转向盘摆振有显著影响,调整车轮偏心后,振动加速度幅值减小了近2倍;车轮偏心比动不平衡对转向盘摆振的影响更大,通过调整车轮安装定位方式消除安装偏心,对转向盘摆振现象的改进效果明显。     

四轮独立驱动电动汽车电动轮影响研究

为了分析轮毂电机驱动电动汽车簧下质量变大导致的垂向振动负效应问题,根据自主研发可以四轮独立驱动的轮毂电机电动汽车,建立集中电机和轮毂电机驱动汽车的1/4动力学模型,在相同路面输入下,对汽车平顺性评价指标进行对比分析,说明轮毂电机驱动下电动轮结构对车辆垂向性能的影响。研究结果证明,轮毂电机驱动汽车的车身垂向加速度和轮胎动载荷都有所增加,这种变化将对车辆的行驶平顺性造成一定程度的恶化。     

重型汽车维修性设计研究

维修性设计是整车开发过程中的重要组成部分,良好的维修性能够减少用户的维修时间,提高车辆运营效率。针对重型汽车开发过程中维修性设计,从定性和定量两方面给出设计要求及对应的分析评价方法。从简化产品设计、可达性和可操作性等方面建立维修性设计准则作为产品维修性的定性要求,并以满足的设计准则数量与设计准则的总数量之比来判断满足定性要求的程度对于定量要求,通过维修活动时间历程分析对维修时间做出预计,恨据预计结果判断是否满足指标的要求。     

前轮定位参数与轮胎特性对前轮摆振影响的研究

前轮定位参数对前轮摆振的影响是极其复杂的,它不仅影响了前轮的几何特性,并且对摆振系统的运动,约束与受力状况均产生重要影响。本文建立了包括全部前轮定位参数的前轮摆振数学模型;并在轮胎试验的基础上,比较系统、全面地研究了前轮定位参数对前轮摆振的影响规律。本文还研究了轮胎蛇形运动频率对汽车动力学摆振的影响。     

影响重型车油耗的发动机参数

随着油耗和排放法规的加严,控制重型车油耗将成为大势所趋。文章以一台柴油机为测试对象,研究了出水温度、进油温度及中冷后温度对其油耗测试结果的影响。试验结果表明,3个参数都不会对发动机油耗测量结果造成较大的偏差,其影响程度在可接受的误差范围内。在进行重型车油耗测试时,可以忽略上述发动机条件对其结果的影响。     

重型越野汽车轻量化车轮设计开发

本文根据铝合金车轮在重型越野汽车上的工程应用,及其加工工艺,设计了铝合金车轮的结构型式及特性参数。并以ANSYS软件为工具,对越野汽车车轮进行受力分析,详细准确地确定了车轮的受力情况和应力分布部位,依托分析结果对车轮进行优化,达到降低车轮关键部位应力的目的。并通过实际装车试验验证,结果显示该重型越野汽车轻量化车轮产品设计的合理性、可靠性,解决了车辆轻量化的问题,提高了整车的质量利用系数。     

重型半挂车简化模型参数辨识研究

为准确表征重型半挂车的动态特性,在建立3和5自由度简化模型基础上,利用Trucksim数据并运用双模型与遗传算法相结合的方法对简化模型关键参数进行了辨识。利用辨识后的关键参数的MAP图,进行了模型动态工况的仿真。仿真结果与Trucksim数据对比表明:采用此方法辨识出的关键参数MAP图能够满足重型半挂车简化模型表征车辆实际状态的要求,为车辆稳定性控制奠定了基础。     

基于增量谐波平衡法的汽车转向轮非线性摆振的研究

采用振幅作为控制参数,应用增量谐波平衡法,求得方程解的表达式,分析了系统的分岔和极限环振动现象,并用龙格库塔法进行数值计算验证,结果表明:增量谐波平衡法在汽车转向轮摆振分析中有效可靠,有足够的精度,并运用Floquet理论对周期解的稳定性进行分析,进而确定了极限环的稳定性,最后分析了各结构参数对摆振的影响。     

铝合金车轮在汽车上的应用效果

简介铝合金车轮的发展历史、与钢车轮的性能对比、制造工艺及试验方法。     

Fundamental Issues in Suspension Design for Heavy Road Vehicles

Heavy road vehicles play an important role in the economy of many countries by providing an efficient means of transporting freight. Such vehicles can also have a significant impact on safety, the infrastructure and the environment. The design of the suspension affects the performance of the vehicle in terms of ride, infrastructure damage, suspension working space, energy consumption, rollover stability, yaw stability, braking and traction. The published literature on suspension design for heavy road vehicles is reviewed. It is found that extensive knowledge exists, but that there are areas where improved understanding is needed. Areas identified as fundamental issues requiring attention include ride discomfort criteria, secondary suspensions, and controllable suspensions. Two issues in particular are examined in detail: suspension tuning and suspension configuration. In the tuning of suspension parameter values for vibration performance, numerical optimisation techniques have been used extensively, but generic tuning strategies have not been widely developed. Modal analysis is proposed as a technique for gaining the insight into vehicle vibration behaviour necessary to enable tuning strategies to be devised. As an example, the technique is applied to the pitch-plane vibration of a tractor-semitrailer. In analyses of new suspension configurations or concepts, comparison with alternative concepts is not always made. Lack of such comparisons makes the selection of an optimum concept difficult. Analysis of alternative concepts using simple mathematical models, and comparison of their performance using common criteria, is advocated for enabling informed selection of an optimum. An example involving two alternative roll control systems is used to demonstrate the issue.     

Fundamental Issues in Suspension Design for Heavy Road Vehicles

Heavy road vehicles play an important role in the economy of many countries by providing an efficient means of transporting freight. Such vehicles can also have a significant impact on safety, the infrastructure and the environment. The design of the suspension affects the performance of the vehicle in terms of ride, infrastructure damage, suspension working space, energy consumption, rollover stability, yaw stability, braking and traction. The published literature on suspension design for heavy road vehicles is reviewed. It is found that extensive knowledge exists, but that there are areas where improved understanding is needed. Areas identified as fundamental issues requiring attention include ride discomfort criteria, secondary suspensions, and controllable suspensions. Two issues in particular are examined in detail: suspension tuning and suspension configuration. In the tuning of suspension parameter values for vibration performance, numerical optimisation techniques have been used extensively, but generic tuning strategies have not been widely developed. Modal analysis is proposed as a technique for gaining the insight into vehicle vibration behaviour necessary to enable tuning strategies to be devised. As an example, the technique is applied to the pitch-plane vibration of a tractor-semitrailer. In analyses of new suspension configurations or concepts, comparison with alternative concepts is not always made. Lack of such comparisons makes the selection of an optimum concept difficult. Analysis of alternative concepts using simple mathematical models, and comparison of their performance using common criteria, is advocated for enabling informed selection of an optimum. An example involving two alternative roll control systems is used to demonstrate the issue.     

Static and Dynamic Instabilities of Bogie Railway Vehicles with Linkage Steered Wheelsets

The root loci of a type of bogie railway vehicle with linkage steered wheelsets are discussed and contrasted with those of conventional configurations. Approximate solutions of the equations of motion are used to derive stability criteria associated with the various modes of static and dynamic instability that are identified. The physical origin of each form of instability is discussed. It is shown that, in addition to the more common forms of dynamic instability arising from the joint action of creep, conicity and inertia, other forms of static and oscillatory instability are the result of structural asymmetry and wheelset articulation.     

电动轮汽车主动控制技术

电动轮驱动车辆的驱动主动控制技术是电动车领域一项富有特色的关键技术,文章在综合了大量文献的基础上,分析了电动轮驱动技术的特点,重点对电动轮驱动的主动控制技术中的电子差速技术、驱动防滑技术、动力学控制及参数估算的研究现状和存在的问题进行了分析,最后结合问题提出了未来的研究方向.     

重型汽车传动系结构参数设计

分析了基于发动机特性场的重型汽车传动系结构参数设计的原则，讨论了传动系各速比设计的评价目标和方法。通过对最大传动比、最小传动比、中间速比设计原则的讨论，阐述了传动系主要结构参数的设计思路。以某车型已确定的发动机特性场为例，根据使用要求，着重分析了在按照国家标准和实际使用情况下提高燃油经济性的传动系结构参数优化。