15万吨级穿梭油船结构减重设计与EEDI影响评估

以15万吨级穿梭油船为例,提出一种可有效减少船体空船重量的设计方案,并评估船体减重对能效设计指数(EEDI)的影响。结果表明：与母型船相比,设计船的空船重量减少1 464 t;设计船将减重用于增加货物载重量,其EEDI可降低约1.0%。该穿梭油船的结构减重方案与可靠性评估方法可为同类型船舶的设计与开发提供参考。     

Research on shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations

Ship hull deformation is one of the most significant influences on propulsion shafting alignment. Based on the calculation fundamentals of ship hull deformations, a new method of shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations is proposed in this paper. Ship loadings, wave loads and environment temperature differences in some extreme conditions, as well as elastic constraints, are simulated and applied to the finite element model of 76,000 DWT product oil tanker, so that ship hull deformations can be solved. Then, the deformations of the double bottom are converted to bearing offsets, which behave as boundary constraints for shafting alignment calculations. Taking the condition of light ship in calm water as a reference, the impact of hull deformations on shafting alignment is analyzed and optimized shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations is realized.     

Evaluation of added resistance in regular incident waves by computational fluid dynamics motion simulation using an overlapping grid system

A computational fluid dynamics simulation method called WISDAM-X was developed to evaluate the added resistance of ships in waves. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation was solved by the finite-volume method and a MAC-type solution algorithm. An overlapping grid system was employed to implement rigorous wave generation, the interactions of ships with incident waves, and the resultant ship motions. The motion of the ship is simultaneously solved by combining the solution of the motion of the ship with the solution of the flow about the ship. The free surface is captured by treatment by the density-function method. The accuracy of WISDAM-X is examined by a comparison with experimental data from a container carrier hull form, and shows a fairly good agreement with respect to ship motion and added resistance. Simulations were also conducted for a bow-form series of a medium-speed tanker to examine the effectiveness of the WISDAM-X method as a design tool for a hull form with a smaller resistance in waves. It was confirmed that the WISDAM-X method can evaluate the added resistance with sufficient relative accuracy and can be used as a design tool for ships.     

“大庆436”油船改装中的若干技术问题研究

对"大庆436"油船在单壳改为双壳设计过程中对破舱稳性、装载限制、结构布置和改装工艺等进行了分析研究,并提出了解决方法。通过增加双舷侧等,使该船满足新的规范要求。     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction of bank effects including verification and validation

Restricted waters impose significant effects on ship navigation. In particular, with the presence of a side bank in the vicinity of the hull, the flow is greatly complicated. Additional hydrodynamic forces and moments act on the hull, thus changing the ship's maneuverability. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics methods are utilized for investigating the bank effects on a tanker hull. The tanker moves straight ahead at a low speed in two canals, characterized by surface piercing and sloping banks. For varying water depth and ship-to-bank distance, the sinkage and trim, as well as the viscous hydrodynamic forces on the hull, are predicted by a steady state Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes solver with the double model approximation to simulate the flat free surface. A potential flow method is also applied to evaluate the effect of waves and viscosity on the solutions. The focus is placed on verification and validation based on a grid convergence study and comparisons with experimental data. There is also an exploration of the modeling errors in the numerical method.     

典型补给油船抗冲击性能研究

基于通用仿真软件,对某油船进行了远场水下爆炸的动响应分析。研究了药包沿船长方向分布、沿水深分布和不同攻角对船体结构的影响。可以看出,中远场水下爆炸对油船的冲击响应,主要表现为总体响应,局部效应并不明显;爆距对冲击响应有很大的影响,而在远场爆炸时攻角对其影响不明显,随着爆距的增加,船体结构响应逐渐减小;武器的毁伤效应对船体外板影响最为显著,随着能量在船体内的传播,到主甲板时迅速衰减。通过进行计算分析得出了一些结论,为油船的设计及建造提供参考。     

船舶总振动固有频率实用算法

分别用一维梁有限元方法和三维有限元方法计算3艘实船总振动固有频率,对计算结果进行统计分析,提出对一维梁有限元方法计算结果的修正,利用110000t油船进行验证。用一维梁有限元方法计算时考虑剪切滞后影响系数;用三维有限元方法计算时,是在ANSYS软件中建立全船的三维空间有限元模型,进行模态分析。通过计算证明该方法能有效改进一维梁有限元计算方法,可快速准确地预报船舶总振动固有频率。     

动态刚度阵法在船体总振动计算中的应用

采用动态刚度阵法计算船体总振动的固有频率.该方法不但能简化计算模型,而且能获得较高精度的高阶固有频率.首先通过直接求解等直Timoshenko梁单元的运动微分方程,导出考虑剪切变形和转动惯量影响的平面梁单元动态刚度阵的解析表达形式;其次采用Wittrick-Williams算法结合二分法求解特征值;最后采用本方法计算299 500DWT超大型油船船体总振动的固有频率,并分别与一维梁有限元法和三维全船有限元法计算结果以及实测值进行比较,验证了方法的精确性和有效性.     

Hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tankers

A series of new generation oil tankers is presently under construction. These ships differ from traditional oil tankers by their unusual form and therefore direct hydrodynamic analysis is used to determine design vertical wave bending moments instead of adopting IACS rule values. The purpose of the paper is to quantify changes in hull-girder reliability resulting from the new design features. To achieve this, first-order reliability analysis is carried out with respect to ultimate collapse bending moment of the midship cross section of a new generation oil tanker and of a conventional “rule” designed oil tanker. The stochastic model of wave-induced bending moment is derived from direct hydrodynamic analysis performed according to IACS Recommendation No. 34 Standard Wave Data, Rev 1, 2000. The probability distribution of the still water bending moment is assumed based on the data from loading manuals. The model uncertainties of linear wave loads, non-linearity of the response as well as load combination factors are included in the reliability formulation. The reliability analysis is performed for three relevant loading conditions: full load, ballast and partial load and for two states of the hull: the “as-built” hull and “corroded” hull according to anticipated 20-year corrosion. One of the most interesting conclusions from the study is that the annual hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tanker is increased considerably compared to the conventional oil tanker. Sensitivity and parametric studies are performed with respect to random variables representing modelling uncertainties. The results of a sensitivity study enable sorting of pertinent variables according to their relative importance, while parametric study is used to quantify changes in the reliability indices for moderate variation of input parameters. Furthermore, some other results and discussions are presented pointing out the benefits of introducing the ship reliability methods in design practice, especially if this refers to new designs.     

基于规范计算的油船中剖面优化设计

为降低船舶造价,最大限度地实现船舶的轻量化设计,基于船体尺寸优化的思想,以油船中剖面结构为研究对象,采用法国船级社规范计算工具Mars2000对油船中剖面进行结构定义和载荷计算,通过优化分析软件ISIGHT集成设计变量、约束条件、目标函数,建立参数数据流;开发基于协调共同结构规范（Harmonized Common Structure Rules, HCSR)计算的船舶尺寸优化系统,获得油船中剖面结构设计方案。优化后中剖面面积比原始设计减少6.4%,实现油船的轻量化设计。     

川江及三峡库区运输船舶标准船型主尺度系列制定

本文阐述了川江及三峡库区运输船舶标准船型主尺度系列制定的原则和方法,分别对川江及三峡库区干散货船、化学品船、油船、驳船(队)、集装箱船、汽车滚装船和客船的主尺度系列作了说明。     

用于轴系校中的船体变形计算研究

船体变形是影响船舶推进轴系校中质量的一个非常重要的动态因素.在综合考虑引起船体变形的三种主要因素的基础上,以76000t成品油轮为例,计算了极限装载状态下的重力分布和极限海况时的波浪载荷.通过对整船有限元模型合理施加重力、浮力及环境温度载荷,并模拟船舶水弹性约束,得到船体二层底的局部变形,为在轴系校中计算中计入船体变形的影响奠定了基础.     

无压载水舱船型开发和前景分析

阐述了国外的无压载水舱的贯通流船体和V型船体,并以6500t无压载水舱油船为例,提供了主尺度、线型和技术参数。通过与常规油船的分析比较,显示该新船型的优势。为推动无压载水舱的其他船型的开发提供了指导方案。     

Long term distribution of non-linear wave induced vertical bending moments

A method is proposed for the long-term formulation of wave induced vertical bending moments in ship structures. The non-linearity of the response is represented by an uncertain modelling factor that is calibrated by experimental values. Long term predictions are obtained for a tanker and a container ship hull showing that only in the latter case is the response clearly non-linear and reproduced in the long-term predictions.     

3200T油船舱段结构有限元分析

船舶设计与结构分析是保证船舶安全的基本前提,而如何更有效对船体进行设计和结构强度分析对于船舶安全具有重要意义.通过充分利用Maxsurf和Ansys两个软件的优势,以对一艘3200T双底单壳油船进行了静水和波浪状态下的纵向强度两方面的计算与分析为例,说明该方法对于船舶设计和强度分析的准确性和有效性都具有重要意义.     

基于主要尺度要素的船型变换

针对船舶设计优化过程中性能计算提出一种船型变换方法,以7个主要尺度要素为变量改变船型,由母型船快速派生出系列船型,并以某三体船主体为示例,阐述船型变换的基本原理.     

逐步破坏法破损油船剩余强度研究

基于IACS共同规范研制了逐步破坏法计算完整油船极限强度和破损剩余强度的程序.考虑了船体发生搁浅碰撞后,其剩余有效剖面是非对称的,船体还可能发生不同程度倾斜的实际情况,计算了双壳油船在不同破损情况下破损船体的剩余强度,并给出了实例及结果分析.     

Statistics and damage assessment of ship grounding

In this paper, general statistics of ship grounding incidents are considered and the damage extent distributions for Ro–Ro ships are presented from the results of a comprehensive damage data survey conducted using Lloyd's Register's damage database. Theoretical models and semi-empirical formulae based on parametric studies are used to study the damage extents of grounded ships. Two real life grounding accidents are assessed. One is a single hull VLCC grounded onto a single rock and the other is a cargo ship grounded onto multiple rocks. A simulation based on a simple multi-rock scenario has been conducted on a 304-m single hull tanker. Correlation is made between the present calculation method results, statistical results and IMO requirements. The paper concludes with the main findings from the study.     

基于CFD的船舶阻力预报方法研究

根据船舶阻力成分及预报方法进行分析讨论,提出基于CFD的方法进行船舶阻力数值预报。分别基于势流和粘性流理论对船舶阻力进行预报,将阻力系数与试验值进行对比。基于粘性流体理论求解获得船体的粘性总阻力及摩擦阻力,基于势流理论直接求解欧拉方程获得船体兴波阻力。通过对某油船在各航速下的阻力理论计算结果与船模试验值的比较表明,该方法计算速度快,经济性好,且预报精确度高,完全满足工程需要,可以在实际工程使用。     

On the global ship hull bending energy in ship collisions

During ship collisions part of the kinetic energy of the involved vessels immediately prior to contact is absorbed as energy dissipated by crushing of the hull structures, by friction and by elastic energy. The purpose of this report is to present an estimate of the elastic energy that can be stored in elastic hull vibrations during a ship collision.When a ship side is strengthened in order to improve the crashworthiness it has been argued in the scientific literature that a non-trivial part of the energy released for structural deformation during the collision can be absorbed as elastic energy in global ship hull vibrations, such that with strong ship sides less energy has to be spent in crushing of the striking ship bow and/or the struck ship side.In normal ship–ship collision analyses both the striking and struck ship are usually considered as rigid bodies where structural crushing is confined to the impact location and where local and global bending vibration modes are neglected. That is, the structural deformation problem is considered quasi-static. In this paper a simple uniform free–free beam model is presented for estimating the energy transported into the global bending vibrations of the struck ship hull during ship–ship collisions. The striking ship is still considered as a rigid body. The local interaction between the two ships is modeled by a linear load–deflection relation.The analysis results for a simplified model of a struck coaster and of a large tanker show that the elastic energy absorbed by the struck ship normally is small and varies from 1 to 6% of the energy released for crushing. The energy stored as elastic global hull girder vibrations depends on the ship mass, the local stiffness of the side structure, and of the position of contact. The results also show that in case of highly strengthened ship sides the maximum global bending strains during collisions can lead to hull failure.