合肥南环高架站桥梁设计

介绍了合肥南环高架车站的建设规模,将合肥南环高架车站的桥梁结构分为站房外高架桥梁、站房内高架正线桥梁、站台梁3个部分进行设计,高架桥梁均采用钢筋混凝土连续刚构,截面形式为鱼腹式实体截面,站台梁采用钢筋混凝土纵横梁结构。桥梁结构设计条件较为复杂,采用小跨连续刚构的鱼腹式截面桥梁形式,其梁高小,墩形美观,很好地满足了高架站区的要求。     

混凝土桥梁开裂机理和防裂措施研究

随着港区内桥梁建设日益发展和高性能混凝土广泛应用,桥梁混凝土开裂问题越来越引起重视。在桥梁工程设计中往往提出混凝土连续浇筑等特殊要求,导致桥梁工程中很多采用高墩、大跨结构,从而使温度控制和防止裂缝问题成为桥梁设计和施工过程中必须重点考虑的问题之一。主要结合实际工程中桥梁的设计与施工实践,利用有限元分析混凝土桥梁开裂机理,并研究混凝土桥梁温度场和温度应力特点,为桥梁工程混凝土开裂提供有效的防护措施。     

跨海大桥桥墩防撞方案设计

以东海大桥桥墩防撞方案设计为背景,论述复杂环境下桥墩防撞设计的基本方法,对比若干可行方案。引入港 口工程中常见的大直径薄壁圆筒结构,构造一种新型的桥墩防撞系统,并给出具体构造,其良好的受力条件和地基适应性 表明：用于桥墩防撞设施具备一定的可行性。设计构造措施对同类环境下桥梁防撞设计具有一定的参考意义。     

间隙对拼组式浮桥静态响应的影响分析

为了减小浮桥在通载状态下的结构内力及浮桥拼组拆卸的方便,拼组式浮桥通常在设计的时候就在舟节之间留有一定的连接间隙.在以往的分析中大多忽略了这种间隙对浮桥变形和受力的影响,而简单地将浮桥简化为连续或者铰接梁体系进行数值或者解析求解,这种方法并不能准确地给出桥节之间连接间隙的存在及其大小对浮桥静态响应的影响.本文以拼组式浮桥的连接间隙为研究对象,建立全桥分析的三维有限元模型,并用非线性单元的组合对浮桥连接件的力学特性进行有限元模拟,通过计算与试验结果的比较,表明了本文方法的正确性;在此基础上本文研究了浮桥在静载荷作用下的位移响应及不同位置的连接件内力与连接件间隙之间的关系,为此类浮桥的设计提供了必要的参考,并为其后续的动力分析提供了必要的理论依据.     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

大直径钢绞线在顶推桥梁结构中的应用

针对顶推法施工的桥梁在施工阶段与运营阶段的受力存在较大差异的问题,结合高强度大直径钢绞线应用于波形钢腹板顶推桥梁的工程实例,系统总结该类钢绞线的优点及在顶推桥梁中的配束方法、钢束锚固计算、锚具构造设计和预应力多次放张工艺等。结果表明,在一些较特殊桥梁结构中采用高强度大直径钢绞线可有效解决各种工况下的结构安全与施工便利等问题,且节省材料,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

快速重载作用下长浮桥运动响应的模型试验研究

在快速重载作用下,柔性长浮桥可能会出现位移波堆积效应.为验证预测的正确性,对两种长浮桥模型(连续浮桥和分置式浮桥)进行了试验,在不同荷载重量下和不同速度作用下的位移响应利用六自由度运动测定仪进行了测量.试验结果表明:荷载重量越大、荷载速度越快,位移波的堆积效应越明显;荷载的速度对兴波的形状和波幅都有着直接的影响.位移波的堆积影响了荷载的运行速度,在快速重载的浮桥工程中,必须考虑位移波的堆积对运动荷载的影响.     

洋流作用下悬浮隧道动力学行为试验研究

本研究根据相似准则和试验条件设计试验模型。在试验模拟的1节悬浮隧道管段上分别布置2组和3组锚索支撑,测试在不同流速条件下,悬浮隧道管体结构的环向应变、轴向应变及张力腿锚索的轴力。根据试验结果,初步分析悬浮隧道应力的空间分布特征和张力腿的轴力情况;给出在相同环境条件下,张力腿锚索数量对结构应力的影响、洋流速度对悬浮隧道管段结构变形和张力腿轴力的影响关系等。     

大型复杂结构物码头吊装方案设计

以1 500t浮吊的转盘和机房电气房结构物的码头吊装为基础,应用《海洋工程技术指南》和LOC吊装手册指导完成各项安全因数的选取、称重、吊点布置、受力分析及索具选取等,通过分析计算得出满足工厂吊装要求的吊装方案设计,并利用900t桥吊完成大型复杂结构物的吊装,为其他相同码头吊装提供设计指导。     

Nonlinear hydrodynamic responses of submerged moving payload in vicinity of a crane barge in waves

The wave interaction with a submerged cylindrical payload subjected to constrained motions in presence of a nearby floating crane barge is investigated in the three-dimensional numerical wave tank using a fully nonlinear potential flow model in the time domain. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic features of this submerged payload under pendulum motion in water waves as well as while it moves towards the sea bed at a constant vertical velocity. It is known that the presence of multiple side by side floating bodies in waves can create significant drift motion. In the present study the similar drift motion is observed for the side by side floating barge and submerged payload and it appears that the submerged payload under constrained motions may face a very large mean drift motion of nearly seven times that of the incident wave amplitude in the beam sea upstream condition. Emphasis is also given towards investigating and understanding the influences of natural frequency of the payload and shielding effect due to the presence of the floating barge. It is found that natural frequency coupled with shielding effect generates remarkable low frequency components in payload responses both in the head sea and the beam sea situations. The effect of different cable lengths, wave maker frequencies and downward moving velocities on payload responses under several geometric setups are studied and compared, and interesting features such as increased low frequency movement of the payload near the natural frequency region and existence of considerable low frequency motions even at a greater depth (while the payload is quite below the free surface) are observed.     

重庆朝天门长江大桥主桥上部结构设计

随着我国经济实力的增强和桥梁技术水平的提高,特大型桥梁日益增多,桥型也越加丰富,桥梁结构更加合理.文章以重庆朝天门长江大桥为例,就如何选址桥位、确定桥型及在确定的技术标准及荷载条件下如何开展结构设计、考虑施工因素提出设计思路.     

跨度108m海港钢引桥抗风动力特性分析

抗风动力特性分析是海港大跨度钢引桥设计的一项重要内容之一,文中就跨度108m的海港钢引桥设计的工程实例,对钢引桥的特征值分析、横风下的静态屈曲分析、横风作用下的非线性屈曲分析几个方面的动力特性进行了阐述,分析结果表明拱桁式大跨度钢引桥抗风性能良好。     

不同浸没深度下水平圆柱体的水动力特性试验研究

顺应式的漂浮柔性圆柱型结构物,如深海养殖结构物的浮圈结构、波浪能发电装置的浮体部分等,大多是部分浸没的。目前,学术界和工程界对部分浸没圆柱的水动力特性了解甚少,也使这些新型结构物在设计和分析时面临着一系列的困难。文章利用在拖曳水池中对水平圆柱进行强迫振荡的试验方法,研究了不同浸没深度的水平圆柱体在流、波浪以及波-流耦合作用下的水动力特性,获得了拖曳力系数和附加水质量系数在不同浸没深度下与Reynolds数、KC数和Vr的关系。通过研究发现:(1)在纯流作用下,由于自由液面的存在,超过半浸没的圆柱体的拖曳力系数在超临界范围内将大于全浸没圆柱;(2)在波浪作用下的半浸没圆柱的水动力系数完全不能等同于全浸没圆柱的一半来进行考虑;(3)流的存在对水动力系数的影响比较显著,会导致惯性力系数的增大。     

海事部门如何在防止船舶碰撞跨海桥梁中发挥有效作用

近年来，特大型桥在我国呈现集中建设的势态，但随着我国经济形势的大发展，船舶流量也大幅增加，船舶碰撞桥梁的几率大大增加，碰撞事故时有发生，造成了巨大的财产和人员损失。研究和预防船舶碰撞大型桥梁成为重要课题摆在我们面前，笔者通过结合国外一些成功经验，对我国海事部门在防止船舶碰撞大型桥梁方面所能发挥的有效作用进行分析，以期在防船舶碰撞桥梁方面作出贡献。     

水下浮式结构优化设计及力学特性试验

针对大长细比浮式结构水下工作时存在涡激振动、结构稳定性差、动态特性明显等问题,分析计算水下浮式结构力学特征、动力学特性,寻找解决减小水下浮式结构涡激振动效应的方法。同时采用物理模型试验方法验证研究成果的准确性。研究结果表明,采用合理导流板结构形式,可有效降低水下浮式结构涡激振动效应。该理论分析与仿真计算方法可有效应用于水下浮式结构优化设计。     

On the slack phenomena and snap force in tethers of submerged floating tunnels under wave conditions

Under severe sea wave conditions, the mooring tethers of submerged floating tunnel (SFT) might go slack. It may cause the structure failure during the service lifetime of SFT. The paper investigated SFT dynamics when going through tether slacking and the related snap force under wave conditions. Besides the nonlinearity of fluid drag and of structural geometry for a relative large structure displacement, the problem is characterized by the nonlinearity due to the discontinuity in axial stiffness of the tethers. To include these nonlinearities, the method of Lagrange energy is used to build the governing equations of SFT motion, and a bilinear oscillator is introduced to simulate the mooring tether operating in an alternating slack-taut state. The sensitivities of the occurrence of tether slacking to wave height and wave period are investigated. Results show that at a large wave height SFT tether will go slack and snap force occurs. SFT responses are categorized into three types of state according to the dynamic response characteristics of tether tension. Effects of two fundamental structure parameters, buoyancy-weight ratio (BWR) and inclined mooring angle (IMA), on the dynamic responses of SFT are analyzed. A slack-taut map of SFT tethers is built. It intuitively describes the occurrences of slack and snap force with different combinations of the two parameters. An analytical approach for slack prediction by deriving the slack criterion is provided to reveal the mechanism of the presented slack-taut map. By present research, the authors tried to make their effort to provide an alternative philosophy for SFT structural design on concerning preventing the occurrence of tether slacking and snap force.     

基于影响矩阵法的斜拉桥成桥索力优化

介绍了斜拉桥成桥索力优化的影响矩阵法,运用大型有限元程序ANSYS中的优化模块,结合某独塔斜拉桥验证了这种方法计算合理成桥索力的可行性和有效性。计算结果表明,将影响矩阵法引入斜拉桥成桥索力的有限元分析中是可行的,可为类似桥梁的设计提供参考和验证。     

超大型集装箱船绑扎桥强度校核与结构优化

随着超大型集装箱船的发展,绑扎桥的结构设计越来越复杂。文章在21000TEU超大型集装箱船典型绑扎桥设计的基础上,利用ANSYS软件计算了绑扎桥结构的强度和刚度。通过研究不同浮态,装箱条件以及最大设计载荷条件下结构的总体应力和变形情况,分析了关键位置的应力集中现象。并用这些分析结果指导结构优化,为绑扎桥结构的分析及结构设计提供具指导意见。     

大潮差条件下不同锚泊形式浮式防波堤的试验研究

以平行布置为例,用物理模型试验的方法研究了浮箱式防波堤在大潮差条件下的运动响应特性和透射系数的规律。结果表明:相同相对宽度下透射系数的数值在高潮位时与其它两个潮位有较大的差别,综合考虑运动响应和透射系数,对浮式防波堤的相对宽度设计给出建议。另外,通过对比不同锚泊系统布置形式的浮式防波堤在相同波况下运动和透射系数的大小,指出平行布置较适合大潮差海域,为工程实践提供参考借鉴。     

水中悬浮隧道受撞击作用的数值分析

针对水中悬浮隧道在偶然状况下受到的潜艇撞击问题,文章采用流固耦合方法,建立了撞击作用下浮筒式悬浮隧道的有限元动态模型,分别撞击跨中、隧道四分之一跨、浮筒,分析隧道变形、撞击力、连接钢管拉杆力、隧道端部约束力、隧道动能情况。结果表明:撞击作用下,隧道整体变形明显,结构内力大。不同撞击位置处,悬浮隧道在水下的结构变形和受力行为区别明显。对此,有必要考虑撞击位置进行悬浮隧道的抗撞击设计。