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将1台普通2气门CA1102Q单缸试验汽油机改造为电控喷油式双顶置凸轮轴5气门汽油机,进气道设计为3个并列独立的气道,单孔喷油器安装在中间气道,在进气通道上布置几个进气控制阀控制进气强度。采用可变进气歧管与进气道相连接。试验结果表明,发动机的怠速排放、动力性以及燃油经济性都得到了显著的改善。 相似文献
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文中以一款增压直喷汽油机燃烧系统开发为例,从低速及高速两种工况,研究了气道及燃烧室形状、油束布置方案等因素对缸内混合气形成过程的影响。分析结果显示改变进气道及燃烧室屋脊形状、增加缸盖排气侧挤气面积以及调整油束喷射角度,可以提高缸内滚流运动强度、加强油气混合过程,从而有效改善了点火前缸内混合气的分布情况。研究了高转速下喷油时刻对混合气形成及燃油湿壁情况的影响,结果显示喷油起始角为390°CA时综合效果较好。采用较优方案组合进行的初步性能试验表明,外特性及部分负荷工况下的燃烧效率较高,动力性及经济性基本达到既定目标。 相似文献
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(接2010年第11期)(二)丰田涡流-壁面导向分层燃烧直喷式汽油机1.前言继1996年三菱汽车公司推出世界上第一款4G93型GDI现代缸内直喷式汽油机后,日本丰田公司紧接着也推出了一款2.0L双顶置凸轮轴四气门直喷式汽油机。这种新型的直喷式汽油机采用了多项新技术,例如:采用涡流控制阀调节进气涡流强度的螺旋进气道、活塞顶具有渐开线形状的燃烧室凹坑以及采用先进的电子节气门的发动机管理系统等。 相似文献
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为了应对柴油机日益增长的需求,并力求在提高扭矩性能的同时实现节能,开发了1 款新型高效率2. 8 L 直列4 缸柴油机。该发动机以1 种创新的燃烧概念为基础,通过减少冷却损失,使发动机效率得到了提高。通过限制缸内气流及改善燃烧室隔热,减少了冷却损失。为了避免限制气流对排放产生影响,开发了1 种能够通过优化缸内燃油分布来提高缸内气体利用率的新燃烧室形状。采用了1 种能够根据气体温度改变壁面温度的新型隔热涂层来提高燃烧室的隔热性能,因而减少了冷却损失,并避免了进气加热的协调作用。为了采用这种燃烧概念,并同时提高动力性能,必须着重调整进排气道的高流量特性。通过采用具有独立功能的进气道、优化进气门的直径和布置、以及提高进排气系统的总体效率实现了这种调整。由于优化气道形状需要更大的设计自由度,因此开发了1种具有较高密封性能的新型气缸盖衬垫,这种缸径为92 mm 的气缸盖衬垫仅采用4 个缸盖螺栓。由于整台发动机都贯彻这种燃烧概念,并结合各种减小摩擦的技术,该发动机的CO2排放比原有机型的减少了约15%,最高热效率约达到44%。 相似文献
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基于进气道三维流场测试装置、定容弹喷雾试验台和光学单缸机测试系统组成的缸内直喷汽油机燃烧系统可视化开发平台,开发设计了满足设计要求的高性能进气道,并匹配了缸盖燃烧室和活塞,有助于缸内混合气的形成,提高燃烧速率;综合考虑排放与机油稀释量的基础上,优化设计了喷雾靶点。对所设计的燃烧系统进行了光学单缸机试验和热力学多缸机试验验证。结果表明,进气道和燃烧室组织引导的气流在缸内形成高滚流,对喷雾油束有强烈的弯卷作用,极大促进了均质混合气的形成,并减小喷雾碰壁的风险;喷雾靶点的合理设计有效避免喷雾油束与壁面的碰撞,减少了机油稀释率和起燃工况HC排放;所设计的燃烧系统搭载1.5TGDI发动机实现了80kW/L、最大扭矩250N·m、排放较低的性能指标。 相似文献
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基于Atkinson理论循环建立混合动力汽油机的性能仿真模型,确定出合适的压缩比与配气正时。分别采用增加活塞顶面凸起高度(上凸型燃烧室)和减小缸盖上燃烧室高度的方式来满足Atkinson循环汽油机对压缩比的要求。同时为适应紧凑结构减小气门升程、直径(紧凑型燃烧室)。通过三维CFD计算分析,比较了两种燃烧室缸内燃烧及流动特性,发现紧凑型燃烧室能够在火核形成及扩散时期在缸内产生更高的湍动能,有利于加快火焰传播,使燃烧持续期缩短9.8%~24.4%,可显著提高燃油经济性。在混合动力用Atkinson循环发动机开发中使用紧凑型燃烧室,具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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为了实现废气围绕在可燃混合气周围,并且废气较浓区域集中于燃烧室底部的EGR分层形式,基于1台缸内直喷汽油机,利用CFD仿真软件Fire针对原机切向气道结构以及切向气道与螺旋气道相结合的气道形式进行了仿真,探究其实现预期EGR分层的潜力,并从缸内进气流场角度分析EGR分层机理。结果表明:原机切向气道由于滚流在压缩冲程中被大幅削弱,不能形成研究预期的EGR分层形式;采用切向气道与螺旋气道相结合的进气道结构形式可以使滚流在压缩冲程中具有较好的保持性,并结合EGR相位调整,实现了约10%的EGR分层梯度,EGR分层形式符合研究预期。 相似文献
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针对一台具有螺旋进气道的点火式甲醇发动机,采用进气道加装EGR管的方式实现了EGR和新鲜充量的分开引入。应用CFD仿真软件Fire模拟了不同EGR通入时间、不同燃烧室凹坑形状等对EGR分层的影响。结果显示,加装EGR管能够实现EGR的分层,EGR的通入时长和燃烧室凹坑形状都对EGR的分层产生影响。当燃烧室凹坑形状为浅圆柱型、新鲜充量的通入压力为100kPa、EGR通入压力为160kPa时,在300°BTDC(压缩上止点前)停止通入,能够形成火花塞周围EGR浓度低、越远离燃烧室顶部EGR浓度越高的EGR分层结构。同时,在保证EGR率和燃油消耗量相同条件下,通过改变点火提前角,分析分层EGR和均质EGR对甲醇发动机缸内燃烧的影响。分层EGR能有效地提高缸压峰值、缩短燃烧滞燃期、提前燃烧始点,有利于发动机缸内燃烧的改善。 相似文献
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Jeongwoo Lee Sanghyun Chu Jaegu Kang Kyoungdoug Min Hyunsung Jung Hyounghyoun Kim Yohan Chi 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(6):943-950
Environmental problems have become a major issue for diesel engine development. Although emission aftertreatment systems such as DPFs (diesel particulate filters), LNTs (lean NOx traps) and SCR (selective catalytic reduction) have been used in diesel vehicles, the manufacturing cost increase caused by this equipment can be hard to be control. Thus, it is better for engine emissions to be reduced by improving the combustion system. A dual-fuel combustion concept is a recommended method to improve a combustion system and effectively reduce emissions. Low reactivity fuel including gasoline and natural gas, which was supplied to the intake port by the FPI (port fuel injector), improved the premixed air-fuel mixture conditions before ignition. Additionally, a small amount of high reactivity fuel, in this case diesel, was injected into the cylinder directly as an ignition source. This dual-fuel combustion promises lower levels of NOx (nitrogen oxide) and PM (particulate matter) emissions due to the elimination of local rich regions in the cylinder. However, it is challenging to control the dual-fuel combustion because the combustion stability and efficiency deteriorate due to the lack of ignition source and reactivity. Thus, it is important to establish an appropriate dual-fuel operating strategy to achieve stable, high efficiency and low emission operation. As a result of this research, a detailed operating method of dual-fuel PCI (premixed compression ignition) was introduced in detail at a low speed and low load condition by using a single cylinder diesel engine. Engine operating parameters including the gasoline ratio, a diesel injection strategy consisting of multiple injectors and timing, the EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rate and the intake pressure were controlled to satisfy the low ISNOx (indicated specific NOx) and PM emissions levels (0.21 g/kWh and 0.1 FSN, 0.040 g/kWh, respectively) as per the EURO-6 regulation without any after-treatment systems. The results emphasized that a well-constructed dual-fuel PCI operating strategy showed low NOx and PM emissions and high GIE (gross indicated fuel conversion efficiency) with excellent combustion stability. 相似文献
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《JSAE Review》1995,16(4):349-355
Air flows in the intake ports and cylinders of a four-valve gasoline engine were numerically analyzed by means of an original CFD code named “GTT”. In this code, the k-ε turbulence model was used and the Chakravarthy-Osher 3rd order TVD scheme was applied to the convection terms in all the governing differential equations. The validity of the code was confirmed by comparing the calculated results of the mean velocity and turbulence intensity with the measured ones by means of LDV. Using the present code, the effect of the intake valve closing timing on the formation of vertical vortex in the cylinder of a four-valve engine was investigated. It was found that the turbulence energy in the combustion chamber near compression TDC can be increased by the retardation of intake valve closing timing in the case of intense vertical vortex, because the vertical vortex is intensified by the back flow from the cylinder to the intake ports. 相似文献
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通过模拟计算可以在较短的时间内获得关于气缸内气体流动的详细信息,为进一步分析气道内流场及各种参数提供参考,降低新产品开发和试验周期。文章利用Fluent软件对二气门汽油机进气道的气流运动进行了三维数值模拟计算和试验分析,结果表明发动机缸内的滚流很弱,在进气门下方形成一个"混合死角",不利于油气的混合,流量系数的模拟值与试验结果较接近。指出CFD技术在发动机气道气体流动的模拟中具有较高精度,可为分析气道内流场的分布及气道的改进提供可靠依据。 相似文献