考虑柔性靠泊的集装箱码头合理岸线利用率分析

为描述集装箱码头柔性靠泊方式下的泊位岸线利用情况,引入岸线利用率的概念,给出影响其合理取值的主要因素;结合我国集装箱码头的建设、运营情况,对其中两大因素岸线规模和到港船型进行重点分析;并通过仿真技术求得不同组合下的合理岸线利用率.结果表明,与泊位利用率相比,岸线利用率更能反映集装箱码头的实际生产情况;且岸线越长、到港船型越大,其合理取值越高.     

Developing a conceptual model for sharing container terminal resources: a case study of the Gamman container terminal

It is an important matter closely connected with saving logistics costs, as well as encouraging national competitive power, to improve the productivity of container terminals by efficient utilization of container terminal resources. In this respect, this paper tries to suggest a conceptual model for sharing container terminal resources, taking as a case study the Gamman Container Terminal (GCT) in the port of Pusan. In so doing, it identifies what kinds of resources can be systematically shared from the viewpoint of their common use and draws some problems resulting from terminal operation by four operators at GCT. The model does not imply the conception that each terminal has its own resources individually, but recommends that tentatively-called Container Terminal Resource Management Center (CTRMC) should be established and operated in order to save operation and investment costs and improve operational efficiency. In addition, the continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) concept is imbedded in the model so that it can control the supply and demand of resources efficiently by sharing the database, through which the CTRMC can automatically identify the status of the excess or deficit of a certain resource in each berth at GCT.     

Developing a conceptual model for sharing container terminal resources: a case study of the Gamman container terminal

It is an important matter closely connected with saving logistics costs, as well as encouraging national competitive power, to improve the productivity of container terminals by efficient utilization of container terminal resources. In this respect, this paper tries to suggest a conceptual model for sharing container terminal resources, taking as a case study the Gamman Container Terminal (GCT) in the port of Pusan. In so doing, it identifies what kinds of resources can be systematically shared from the viewpoint of their common use and draws some problems resulting from terminal operation by four operators at GCT. The model does not imply the conception that each terminal has its own resources individually, but recommends that tentatively-called Container Terminal Resource Management Center (CTRMC) should be established and operated in order to save operation and investment costs and improve operational efficiency. In addition, the continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) concept is imbedded in the model so that it can control the supply and demand of resources efficiently by sharing the database, through which the CTRMC can automatically identify the status of the excess or deficit of a certain resource in each berth at GCT.     

Strategic alliances in the container shipping industry: a global perspective

This paper examines developments in container shipping in light of the formation of strategic alliances by many of the leading companies. It focuses on three features: the transformation of services, the evolution of the fleet, and the adjustments made to the ports of call. These elements are analysed on a global basis for 3 years: 1989, 1994 and 1999. Some of the changes wrought by the alliances are identified, including the spread and intensification of services, and the deployment of the largest vessels on alliance routes. While the individual companies that have come together in alliances are serving many more ports than before, it is also demonstrated that the total number of ports served by the industry has remained constant. The results are interpreted in the context of globalization that is tending to impose greater standardization on the container shipping industry.     

Strategic alliances in the container shipping industry: a global perspective

This paper examines developments in container shipping in light of the formation of strategic alliances by many of the leading companies. It focuses on three features: the transformation of services, the evolution of the fleet, and the adjustments made to the ports of call. These elements are analysed on a global basis for 3 years: 1989, 1994 and 1999. Some of the changes wrought by the alliances are identified, including the spread and intensification of services, and the deployment of the largest vessels on alliance routes. While the individual companies that have come together in alliances are serving many more ports than before, it is also demonstrated that the total number of ports served by the industry has remained constant. The results are interpreted in the context of globalization that is tending to impose greater standardization on the container shipping industry.     

The container terminal community

Over the past 30 years, technological developments have not only affected the design and operation of the port function, but also the organizational and institutional relationships within the port community. Two inter-organizational interaction models are presented, drawing on the findings of over 200 in-depth interviews with senior managers representing terminal operators, shipping lines, feeder operators, ship agents, road hauliers, freight forwarders and shippers serving the UK?Far East trade. The first model represents a breakbulk berth of the 1960s and the second a modern container terminal community. In comparing the models, it is shown that containerization has transformed the fragmented breakbulk operation of the 1960s into the cohesive container terminal community that today facilitates port operations. The paper concludes by examining trends in key inter-organizational relationships in the community and the emergence of eBusiness.     

集装箱堆场箱位分配模糊优化研究

针对进口箱离港时间及出口箱到港时间的不确定性,建立了集装箱堆场箱位分配模糊优化模型.在滚动式计划的基础上,算法分两个阶段:首先应用模糊机会约束规划方法平衡各箱区作业量;然后以箱区作业量为约束条件,最小化集卡的行驶距离和同组进口箱所占箱区数量.实例结果表明降低了箱区工作量的不平衡性和同组箱所占箱区数量,加速了船舶的装卸效率.     

Optimal container ship size: a global cost minimization approach

ABSTRACT

Currently, the best container ship size in a service is determined mainly by the liner operator, considering only the economies of scale of ships. Its external diseconomies to the ports and shippers are usually not considered in the decision-making process, which may reduce the overall efficiency and lead to global nonoptimality. This study incorporates the cost to the shipping companies at the main lines, ports, and feeder services, as well as the external costs to shippers and ports in a hub-and-spoke network, and determines the best ship size and the number of weekly services to minimize the overall costs. The external cost to the shippers in the feeder ports is assumed to be proportional to the feeder cost, and a sensitivity analysis is provided. The maximum container ship size is estimated according to different levels of freight demand. A numerical analysis shows that the optimal size should be smaller than the current biggest container ships in service.     

全球集装箱运输的中国因素

2003年,全球集装箱班轮运输业的发展有太多可圈可点之处. 这其中既有对行业发展百花齐放的喜悦,又有对相关产业投资过热的担忧;既有走出"非典"困境的欣慰,也有陷入贸易摩擦的烦恼;既有对外贸海运量高速增长的惊喜,又有对压港问题日趋严重的忧虑;既有对行业投资回报大幅改善的欣喜,也有对新船订单持有量连创新高的担忧.总而言之,世界经济列车经受了美伊战争和非典疫情的考验稳健提速,全球集装箱班轮运输业也在内忧外患,跌宕起伏中异军突起,再次成为传统航运业中备受瞩目的亮点.在众多亮点当中,中国大陆以其在班轮业发展过程中的突出表现,确立了其在世界集装箱运输业中的特殊地位.伴随着港口建设的突飞猛进,中国港口在世界集装箱运输中的地位不断上升.2003年上海港在世界集装箱吞吐量排名中由2002年的第四位升至第三位,深圳由第六位升至第四位,青岛港由第19位升至第14位,天津首次进入前20强.中国因素在其影响力和波及面不断扩大的同时,也日益成为理论界和商界共同关注的热门话题.     

AGV在集装箱码头中的应用

结合我国集装箱码头面临的压力和AGv的发展现状,阐明了在集装箱码头使用AGV的必要性和可行性,并对AGV在集装箱码头应用所涉及的关键性技术问题进行了简要分析.     

集装箱码头的现代化、智能化管理

面对当今世界航运贸易的空前忙碌和繁荣,集装箱码头企业的生产操作要更快速、更便捷,争取赢得整个物流体系的重要环节——码头装卸。从三个方面分析并阐明如何利用现代化的管理手段、科学性的运营形式、智能化的系统方案,为各大船公司和各类货主提供更加快捷完善的服务。     

On cost-efficiency of the global container shipping network

This paper presents a simple formulation in the form of a pipe network for modelling the global container-shipping network. The cost-efficiency and movement-patterns of the current container-shipping network have been investigated using heuristic methods. The model is able to reproduce the overall incomes, costs, and container movement patterns for the industry as well as for the individual shipping lines and ports. It was found that the cost of repositioning empties is 27% of the total world fleet running cost and that overcapacity continues to be a problem. The model is computationally efficient. Implemented in the Java language, it takes one minute to run a full-scale network on a Pentium IV computer.     

十号码头中的政府角色

香港拥有世界上最繁忙和最有效率口的集装箱港之一。截至2005年底的数据显示，香港集装箱吞吐量达到了创纪录的2260万吨。这一辉煌成就的背后是现有港口和设备潜力已达极限。根据香港业界反映，香港现有港口使用率已接近饱和，部分码头处理量甚至远远超出了原来的设计极限，内部潜力已经发挥到极致，而且随着长期使用，     

A simulation study for the logistics planning of a container terminal in view of SCM

This paper aims to apply a supply-chain modelling and its analysis framework to the supply chain in the port industry. The simulation approach serves two purposes: to model a supply-chain network in quantity approach and to evaluate its supply-chain performance based on proposed strategies. Through the modelling works to improve the performance, components of simulation model, such as input model, strategy model, operational policy model and performance model, in the port supply chain were identified. The effects of various strategies can guide the way to administrate the supply chain in the different objectives.     

An ERP approach for container terminal operating systems

The major characteristics of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) are an enterprise-wide system that covers all the business functions and information resources, integrated database, built-in best industry practice, packaged software and open architecture. ERP enables reduction of system development time, flexibility, standardization of workflow and effective business planning capability. ERP is mainly for the manufacturing industry. However, the principles of ERP can also be applied to container terminal operating systems. This paper presents an ERP system approach for a container terminal. It has clustered the workflow of a container terminal and analysed the business process to generate the best workflows. The integrated database is designed to eliminate redundancy and keep integration. The core of ERP for container terminal is the planning facility such as berth planning and yard planning. The planning capability is very tightly coupled with data flow from client entities such as shipping companies. The ERP can handle the existing problems of container terminal operation that are mainly caused by lack of integration of a whole information resource in a container terminal, ad-hoc and poor planning capability, disconnected and incorrect data from client companies. The ERP approach can not only resolve the problems of container terminals but also promote adoption of information systems for container terminals in the world that have not yet implemented terminal operating systems.     

现代集装箱码头建设集成创新技术

在分析了上海港外高桥码头建设的历史沿革与现状后,分别从总体设计创新、设计手段创新、工程技术创新、生产管理创新、码头装备技术创新和工程建设项目管理创新等方面作了详细阐述,并与同类码头作了分析比较,全面展示了这一现代化集装箱码头的技术内函。     

Incorporating container location dispersion into evaluating GCR performance at a transhipment terminal

The degree of container dispersion at a transhipment terminal is measured by an index termed container location dispersion, which represents the range, both horizontal and vertical, of all containers for ship loading that are scattered in the yard. First, this paper identifies the impacts of container location dispersion on loading performance with insufficient or sufficient equipment deployment in real-life settings at a terminal. Then, we investigate those scenarios with different levels of interference. This research aims to explore the relationship between the container location dispersion and Gross Crane Rate (GCR) stability at a transhipment terminal and proposes a discrete-event driven simulation model for this purpose. All data in our experiments are extracted from the terminal operation system at a real-life container terminal. It is concluded from a series of experiments that the container location dispersion well captures the overall performance of container terminal handling and can be used for yard template optimization and management. Implications of this investigation are discussed in the context of the yard template design and improvement in the overall performance of a container transhipment terminal.     

集装箱港口竞争力影响因素的粗糙集分析

由于全球各集装箱港口之间的竞争日益激烈,而目前缺乏评价港口竞争力的权威指标体系,相关的指标数量众多,难以确定哪些是关键指标,为探讨影响港口竞争力的主要因素,尝试在集装箱港口竞争力的评价指标中引入新兴的数学工具粗糙集理论,通过属性约简,删除冗余指标,简化指标体系,从10个评价指标中提取影响评价结果的5个关键指标,为研究集装箱港口竞争力提供新的思路。     

对全球集装箱航运产业衰退现象的思考

从全球集装箱航运产业的衰退状况出发,提出托运人与班轮公司应互相协助促进集装箱航运市场发展,介绍马士基集装箱班轮公司的"重点产品升级"业务。