汽车驾驶座椅舒适性综述

本文概要地介绍了汽车驾驶座椅的舒适性要求，提出了汽车驾驶座椅的人机工程学要求，可为汽车驾驶座椅的开发设计提供参考。     

座椅静态舒适性影响因素分析

正本文针对汽车座椅系统结构分析,提出了座椅的一般设计要满足人机工程要求;在行驶过程中,应有效削弱地面传递的冲击和振动;驾驶过程中要减少盲区等要求。通过分析人体生理结构、人体测量学以及人体工程学与乘坐舒适性的关系,得出了最舒适的乘坐姿势和座椅尺寸参数,这些座椅设计参数直接影响了座椅的舒适性。随着社会的进步和生活水平的提高,汽车成为日常生活中不可缺少的交通工具,人们在汽车中停留的时间也越来越长,这样汽车的舒适性也变得尤为重要,而汽车座椅对舒适性影响最大,因此汽车座椅舒适性的设计要求也越来越高,而其中座椅舒     

基于进出耐久测试的座椅舒适性衰减特性研究

座椅是汽车中重要的一部分,而泡沫又是影响座椅舒适性的重要因素,通过耐久试验,测试泡沫的衰减特性,并探究该特性对座椅舒适性的影响。     

汽车驾驶座椅人－机系统安全性设计

本文以人因分析为手段，以设计出合理的驾驶座椅来满足驾驶员人体安全、舒适为设计目标，得到结论：驾驶座椅安全性设计应着重考虑人（驾驶员）坐姿生理特性及人体对车内振动．微气候的反应等两大方面。并从主动安全性设计、被动安全性设计两个方面详尽分析了驾驶座椅安全性设计的思路，以期达到对汽车驾驶座椅的安全性设计提供一定的指导作用。     

基于中国人体尺寸的驾驶员驾姿舒适性分析

为了建立基于中国人体尺寸的驾驶员舒适坐姿模型,提升驾驶员的驾乘舒适性,文章选取不同的驾驶座椅高度,通过采集驾驶员的舒适驾车姿态,拟合出驾驶员的驾驶H点与方向盘及踏板点的位置关系,得出男性、女性和男女性的舒适驾驶坐姿模型,并给出了各种座椅高度对应的座椅位置和方向盘位置的设计值,对于驾驶员的驾驶舒适性设计有一定的指导意义。     

汽车座椅高调机构处于最低位置时翘脚问题研究

<正>座椅是汽车安全件的重要组成部分之一,在座椅调节过程中,合适的高度能够保障驾驶员舒适、安全地进行驾驶。笔者针对座椅在高调机构处于最低位置时所出现的滑轨前端翘脚问题进行分析,并有效解决了由高调机构调节所产生的翘脚问题,确保座椅在调节和使用过程中的安全性和舒适性。     

奔驰S级48V车载电气系统(上)

<正>一、概述随社会的发展和生活品质的提高,人类对汽车的要求已经不再满足于简单的出行,而是越发驾驶舒适性。梅赛德斯-奔驰在车辆乘员舒适性领域可谓是人之翘楚,近几年通过快速座椅加热器、扶手加热、按摩座椅和电热杯座等功能进一步增强了舒适性,但舒适性功能越多,对电能的需求也随之增加。为满足该要     

浅谈商用车主驾驶座椅扶手设计

随着商用车的发展,人们对驾驶舒适性的要求越来越高,通过增加座椅扶手功能提高长时间驾驶的舒适性,减轻疲劳成为产品提升的重要方向。文章主要从座椅扶手的应用、布置设计、扶手使用舒适性分析、行车操作舒适性分析等几个方面进行分析,阐述了商用车扶手设计的思路及注意要点,从理论上分析商用车座椅配备扶手功能的可行性。     

现代轿车电动座椅的使用与调整

汽车的平顺性是人们评价现代汽车舒适性的指标之一。座椅是汽车与驾乘者接触最密切的部件，人们对汽车平顺性的评价多是通过对座椅的感受做出的，因此座椅是直接影响汽车舒适性的关键部件之一。     

面向共享汽车的智能化调节座椅系统设计

文章设计了一种面向共享汽车的智能化调节座椅系统,该系统通过手机客户端APP输入用户体型特征信息,系统上传个人信息至云端并进行智能化数据计算,模拟出一个用户舒适的驾驶环境,使用该数据调动相应电机工作调整座椅等位置,用户也可根据自身的驾驶习惯,调整至最舒适、最安全的驾驶环境。驾驶结束时,车辆ECU记录此时座椅、后视镜和方向盘的位置数据信息并上传至云端服务器,存入该用户的资料库,下次使用时直接调用数据并调节车辆。该系统的使用将有助于共享汽车的推广,使用户的出行更便捷环保。     

汽车座椅布置设计CAD系统的研制

乘坐舒适性是汽车座椅的重要性能，它包括静态舒适性和动态舒适性。设计座椅的位置，满足以驾驶员为中心的人机关系和坐姿要求是座椅设计的前提。提出了座椅位置及其调节范围设计的有效方法，并研制了相应的CAD系统，可以帮助厂商明确座椅位置设计的要求，并获得一系列信息，为汽车生产商和座椅供应商提供了一种良好的对话工具。     

Hierarchical optimisation on scissor seat suspension characteristic and structure

Scissor seat suspension has been applied widely to attenuate the cab vibrations of commercial vehicles, while its design generally needs a trade-off between the seat acceleration and suspension travel, which creates a typical optimisation issue. A complexity for this issue is that the optimal dynamics parameters are not easy to approach solutions fast and unequivocally. Hence, the hierarchical optimisation on scissor seat suspension characteristic and structure is proposed, providing a top-down methodology with the globally optimal and fast convergent solutions to compromise these design contradictions. In details, a characteristic-oriented non-parametric dynamics model of the scissor seat suspension is formulated firstly via databases, describing its vertical dynamics accurately. Then, the ideal vertical stiffness-damping characteristic is cascaded via the characteristic-oriented model, and the structure parameters are optimised in accordance with a structure-oriented multi-body dynamics model of the scissor seat suspension. Eventually, the seat effective amplitude transmissibility factor, suspension travel and the CPU time for solving are evaluated. The results show the seat suspension performance and convergent speed of the globally optimal solutions are improved well. Hence, the proposed hierarchical optimisation methodology regarding characteristic and structure of the scissor seat suspension is promising for its virtual development.     

人机工程学与汽车主动安全系统设计

汽车主动安全系统设计中考虑的核心对象是驾驶员。驾驶员与车构成了典型的人机系统，人机工程学理论是汽车主动安全系统设计的基础，通过对人体测量数据、人的视觉特性及人体的生物力学特性的研究，合理地进行车辆操纵装置、显示装置和驾驶视野的设计，提高汽车的主动安全性。     

汽车座椅滑车碰撞有限元分析与试验研究

对汽车座椅进行了滑车碰撞试验，根据试验数据建立了汽车座椅滑车碰撞动态特性仿真模型，采用PAM—CRASH软件进行了仿真分析。仿真与试验结果对比表明，各测点的试验应力与仿真应力曲线很接近．所建立的有限元模型是正确的，可以有效指导汽车座椅的设计并提高设计效率。     

驱动桥壳有限元分析模型的改进

针对目前常用的驱动桥壳有限元分析模型中由于边界条件定义造成结果不准确的问题,在分析模型中引入了板簧的弹性特征,并按不同的边界条件对桥壳应力分布进行了计算。结果表明,按照传统约束方式计算,板簧座外侧桥壳应力高,板簧座内侧桥壳应力位于低;按新建立的边界条件计算,则高应力区将向板簧座内侧的桥壳扩展。测得弯曲及扭转工况下桥壳的应力结果表明,采用常用边界条件所得位于板簧座内侧的桥壳应力计算结果与实际相差接近50%;引入板簧元件后桥壳应力的计算结果则与试验结果相近。     

集成式汽车儿童安全座椅的设计与仿真

提出了一种新型集成式汽车儿童安全座椅.该座椅位于汽车后排中间位置,增高座垫的高度可根据儿童身高无级调节.相对于常规使用的附加式儿童安全座椅,该座椅无须安装,避免了儿童座椅的误用.利用MADYMO软件建立了该装置调整到不同高度的仿真模型,研究了3岁、6岁和10岁儿童假人正面碰撞时的响应,并通过对6岁假人的碰撞仿真分析,得出其关键设计参数.仿真结果表明,所设计的集成式座椅能够在正面碰撞中对3岁到10岁的儿童提供有效的保护.     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

CNG发动机排气门—气门座磨损失效分析

针对某CNG发动机在工作过程中出现的排气门—气门座严重磨损故障,采用宏观检验、几何学测定、化学成分测定、金相检验等手段,对该排气门—气门座的几何尺寸、金相组织、硬度等进行了检测分析,对排气门—气门座的磨损状况进行了研究。研究表明,发动机燃料、排气门—气门座材料匹配及配气系统结构设计等是影响排气门—气门座磨损失效的主要因素。提出了改善排气门—气门座磨损状况的相关措施,经试验验证,改进效果良好。     

Validation of a Nonlinear Automotive Seat Cushion Vibration Model

A low-order, lumped parameter model is proposed to describe the vertical vibration compliance of an automotive seat. The model includes nonlinear stiffness and damping effects that mimic the properties exhibited by open cell foams that are commonly used in the construction of an automotive seat cushion. A shaped sandbag was positioned on a seat cushion and vibrated to obtain test data. White noise acceleration with amplitude ranging from 0.05 g rms to 0.45 g rms in increments of 0.05 g rms was used to excite the seat track. A luxury car seat and a sports car seat were tested and a nonlinear seat model was identified that predicts the actual test data with fidelity. The paper demonstrates that once a family of model parameters is identified for a particular seat, then the model can be used for a wide spectrum of seat track inputs. Additional experiments also verified that when the sandbag mass was increased by as much as 50%, the predicted response using the proposed model was in agreement with the measured response. Finally, the paper reports the result of an experiment using a human subject on a seat cushion. A simulation using the new cushion model and an ISO vibration model of a seated human produced response data that was very similar to the actual test data.     

儿童座椅固定点布置

儿童座椅对减少儿童在交通事故中的伤亡是非常关键的。主要介绍儿童座椅的重要性、儿童座椅的分类以及儿童座椅固定点布置的要求和方法．最后介绍了儿童座椅的试验。