基于小波变换的斜拉桥索双轴漏磁检测方法

针对在役斜拉桥索只能进行无损检测的特点,提出了基于漏磁检测的缆索缺陷探伤方法以及检测电路.由于检测现场空间磁场噪声较强,导致漏磁信号特征不明显,为此,应用二进小波变换的方法,对周向漏磁信号采用基于高斯白噪声的快速离散软阈值算法进行信噪分离,以确定缆索缺陷程度;对轴向漏磁检测信号进行奇异性检测处理,以获取缺陷的精确位置信息.实验结果表明,该方法可实时获取缆绳索缺陷程度和位置信息.     

Wavelet-Based Hybrid Thresholding Method for Ultrasonic Liver Image Denoising

This paper presents a wavelet-based hybrid threshold method according to the soft- and hard-threshold functions proposed by Donoho. The wavelet-based hybrid threshold method may help doctors to know more details on the liver disease through denoising the ultrasound image of the liver. First of all, an analytical expression for the hybrid threshold function is discussed. The wavelet-based hybrid threshold method is then investigated for ultrasound image of the liver. Finally, we test the influence of this parameter on the proposed method with the real ultrasound image corrupted by speckle noise with different variances. Moreover, we compare the proposed method under the varying parameters with the soft-threshold function and the hard-threshold function. Three metrics, which are correlation coefficient, edge preservation index and structural similarity index, are measured to quantify the denoised results of ultrasound liver image. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for ultrasound liver image denosing.     

基于SVD的柴油机振动信号盲分离预处理

在利用独立分量分析对缸盖振动信号进行盲分离时,原始采样信号不满足独立分量分析的基本假设,而且缸盖振动信号信噪比较低,影响分离的速度和精度.采用小波阈值降噪的方法进行了降噪处理,提高了信噪比.采用奇异值分解的方法估计了缸盖振动的独立源数,并对缸盖振动信号进行了白化处理,为独立分量分析的应用建立了基础.     

基于小波分析的车轮六分力信号的去噪研究

介绍了利用小波分析去噪的原理,分析了小波变换模极大值法、小波系数尺度相关法和阈值法3种信号处理方法的特点,详述了利用阈值法处理信号时选择小波基、确定分解层、阈值处理和信号重构的方法。利用Matlab的小波分析工具箱对车轮纵向力信号进行去噪分析应用,结果表明:小波分析能很好的区分信号里的突变信号与多余的噪声,通过小波重构得到去噪后的车轮分向力突变的信号。本设计具有一定的应用价值。     

工业时窗小波降噪调制连续线性动力学系统参数直接辨识

在时窗内对噪声干扰的信号进行小波降噪,对降噪数据调制积分得等价的代数方程,利用最小二乘算法,进行线性动力学系统参数的直接估计．针对受噪声污染的系统参数估计的有偏性,借助时窗降噪调制方法构造辅助变量,提出了降噪调制辅助变量递推算法,进行了系统参数的无偏估计．仿真实验和应用实例表明,该方法具有有效性和实用性,可为工业在线辨识获得可信的系统参数提供参考．     

Poisson noise removal based on nonlocal total variation with Euler’s elastica pre-processing

An enhancement-based Poisson denoising method for photon-limited images is presented. The noisy image is firstly pre-processed for enhancing incomplete object information, and then it is denoised while preserving the restored structural details. A variational regularization model based on Euler’s elastica (EE) is proposed for image enhancement pre-processing. A nonlocal total variation (NLTV) regularization model is then employed in the second stage of image denoising. The above two optimization problems are solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). For Poissonian images with low image peak values, experiments demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method for both restoring geometric structure and removing noise.     

基于秩最小化矩阵去噪的船舶轨迹重构方法

针对船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System，AIS)在实际应用中存在错误数据频发、数据丢包等问题，本文提出一种基于秩最小化矩阵去噪的船舶轨迹重构方法，利用去噪实现轨迹重构，同时，实现对轨迹的去噪和缺失补全。该方法通过线性插值实现经度对齐，将轨迹数据转化为轨迹矩阵，从而补全轨迹中的缺失值。由于补全结果存在非常大的误差，因此，引入 PLR(Patch-Based Low-Rank Minimization)算法去噪，消除误差。同时，为进一步提升补全效果，通 过2D-VMD(Two-Dimensional Variational Mode Decomposition)算法将矩阵分解为不同频率的IMF (Intrinsic Mode Function)，并分别进行PLR去噪，合并去噪结果，得到最终重构后轨迹。本文以长江武汉段水域船舶AIS轨迹为研究对象，通过实验证明该方法在不同缺失比例以及随机缺失和连续缺失两种情境下具有鲁棒性和较强的稳定性；并与 HALRTC(High-Accuracy Low-Rank Tensor Completion)、TRMF(Temporal Regularized Matrix Factorization)等方法进行比较，结果表明， 该方法相较于HALRTC等方法具有更高的精度，并在高损失率下表现出较好的重构效果。     

基于Rao-Blackwellised粒子滤波的岩石声发射信号去噪

针对声发射数据采集过程易受随机噪声干扰,提出了Rao—Blackwellised粒子滤波的信号降噪方法。在地震波模型的基础上,建立了声发射信号的状态空间模型。由于两者在某些方面有相通性,从而把降噪问题转为在状态空间模型下的滤波问题。首先,通过对构造信号的仿真实验,验证Rao—Black—wellised粒子滤波能够用于信号滤波;其次,利用Rao—Blackwellised粒子滤波,对石灰岩声发射信号进行降噪处理,并取得较好的滤波效果,从而为处理声发射数据提供一条新途径。     

基于改进小波变换方法的混沌信号去噪研究

针对混沌信号和噪声频谱互相重叠,传统方法难以实现有效滤波这一问题,提出一种改进的小波去噪方法.该方法采用参数加权法构造信号,将小波分解系数进行阈值处理,通过循环迭代,利用序列中包含的有效信息,将有用信号提取出来.仿真结果表明,利用改进小波变换去噪方法改善了混沌时间序列的预测结果,证明了该方法的有效性.     

ICA based speckle filtering for target extraction in SAR images using adaptive space separation

A novel approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) for speckle filtering and target extraction of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is proposed using adaptive space separation with weighted information entropy (WIE) incorporated. First the basis and the independent components are respectively obtained by ICA technique, and WIE of the image is computed; then based on the threshold computed from function T-WIE (threshold versus weighted-information-entropy), independent components are adaptively separated and the bases are classified accordingly. Thus, the image space is separated into two subspaces: "clean" and "noise". Then, a proposed nonlinear operator ABO is applied on each component of the 'clean' subspace for further optimization. Finally, recovery image is obtained reconstructing this subspace and target is easily extracted with binarisation. Note that here T-WIE is an interpolated function based on several representative target SAR images using proposed space separation algorithm.     

基于全卷积神经网络的机车信号降噪

机车信号从钢轨提取轨道电路信号作为行车凭证,其译码输出性能对列控系统的可靠性和安全性有直接影响.但列车运行过程中,机车信号不可避免地混入大量噪声和干扰,译码前需要降噪以提高准确性.为此,提出一种基于全卷积神经网络(fully convolutional networks,FCN)的机车信号降噪方法,该方法利用基于原始波...     

ACCELERATED SUBSPACE ITERATION METHOD FOR GEN-ERALIZED EIGENPROBLEMS USING DYNAMIC CONDENSA-TION TECHNIQUE

Ｎ－ＥＲＡＬＩＺＥＤ ＥＩＧＥＮＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳ ＵＳＩＮＧ ＤＹＮＡＭＩＣ ＣＯＮＤＥＮＳＡ－ＴＩＯＮ ＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥTX＠瞿祖清＠华宏星＠傅志方ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇａｓｕｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆ...     

基于小波变换的高速列车表面脉动压力提取

高速列车表面压力测试过程中,为了克服微型压阻式气压传感器测试的脉动压力信噪比低的缺点,有效提取出脉动压力,建立了传感器输出模型;利用相关系数法确定分解层数,根据3原则计算分层阈值,提出一种小波变换阈值去噪方法.用该方法对CRH(China railway high-speed)某型动车组静态测试信号进行去噪处理;并进行200 km/h动车组表面压力测试信号脉动压力的提取,建立了脉动压力功率谱模型.研究结果表明:该方法能有效提取出列车表面脉动压力,测点处脉动压力的幅值在20 Pa范围内时刻波动,频率主要集中在0~200 Hz;建立的脉动压力功率谱模型为列车减振和降噪提供理论指导.      

Adaptive illumination normalization approach based on denoising technique for face recognition

A novel adaptive illumination normalization approach is proposed to eliminate the effects caused by illumination variations for face recognition. The proposed method divides an image into blocks and performs discrete cosine transform (DCT) in blocks independently in the logarithm domain. For each block-DCT coefficient except the direct current (DC) component, we take the illumination as main signal and take the reflectance as “noise”. A data-driven and adaptive soft-thresholding denoising technique is employed in each block-DCT coefficient except the DC component. Illumination is estimated by applying the inverse DCT in the block-DCT coefficients, and the indirectly obtained reflectance can be used in further recognition task. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms other existing methods. Moreover, the proposed method does not need any prior information, and none of the parameters can be determined by experience.     

一种基于稀疏表示的交通图像去噪算法

将图像稀疏表示方法引入到交通图像处理中,实现了一种基于K-SVD的正交匹配追踪的交通图像去噪算法.该算法通过奇异值分解,DCT字典进行自适应更新,形成更能表示图像结构的超完备字典.实验结果表明,相对于传统图像增强方法(中值滤波、均值滤波、基于小波滤波)和基于DCT冗余字典的稀疏表示图像增强方法,该算法能更有效地去除交通图像噪声,得到更高的峰值信噪比.     

Filter bank based nonlocal means for denoising magnetic resonance images

Image denoising is a classical problem in image processing. Its essential goal is to preserve the image features and to reduce noise effectively. The nonlocal means （NL-means） filter is a successful approach proposed in recent years due to its patch similarity comparison. However, the accuracy of similarities in this algorithm degrades when it suffers from heavy noise. In this paper, we introduce feature similarities based on a multi- channel filter into NL=means filter. The multi-bank based feature vectors of each pixel in the image are computed by convolving from various orientations and scales to Leung-Malik set （edge, bar and spot filters）, and then the similarities based on this information are computed instead of pixel intensity. Experiments are carried out with Rician noise. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. The wavelet-based method and traditional NL-means in term of both mean square error （MSE） and perceptual quality are compared with the proposed method, and structural similarity （SSIM） and quality index based on local variance （QILV） are given.     

随机共振与响应灵敏度相结合的结构损伤检测方法

为了解决强噪声背景环境下的结构损伤识别问题,提出了一种基于非线性降噪和损伤定位相结合的两步法.第一步将结构的激励响应和背景噪声通过非线性随机共振系统进行处理,降低背景噪声的干扰以突出响应;第二步将结构的局部微小损伤模拟为单元弹性模量的减少,求得响应信息对单元弹性模量的灵敏度,据此对结构单元弹性模量进行修正,从而实现结构损伤的定位.数值算例表明,该方法在50%噪声水平环境下,能较好地实现损伤定位,单一损伤识别误差率不超过0.2%,多损伤识别的误差率不超过0.5%.      

小波变换在轴承故障声发射信号降噪中的应用

噪声消除是小波变换最成功的应用之一，其基本思想是将信号的小波变换系数通过阈值处理，然后进行小波重构得到降躁的信号。根据故障轴承声发射信号的脉冲特性选取Morlet小波．以“小波熵最小”原则确定Morlet小波的波形参数，然后进行连续小波变换。采用软阈值方法处理小波东数，通过小波重构得到降噪后的故障声发射信号，噪声得到了很好的抑制，故障脉冲特征明显增强。采用实验数据，通过与离散小波变换的比较，得到了用连续小波变换可以有效降低噪声、提取故障声发射信号特征的结论。     

GPS动态实测数据的小波降噪

介绍了小波变换理论,阐述了小波降噪原理、算法及3种噪声处理方法,概括描述了4种阈值规则的选取方法,以及在选用不同的小波基函数和分解层数对降噪效果的影响。在假设噪声为高斯白噪声的前提下,根据小波分解和重构法,对含噪信号进行降噪处理,并对GPS接收机得到的实测信号进行分析和效果比对。     

高斯混合噪声下微弱线谱检测的EM-静态非线性系统方法

采用3一水平量化器随机共振对非高斯水下噪声中的线谱信号进行检测,为使该随机共振类型达到最优的检测效果,利用EM算法进行了高斯混合分布的参数估计.通过仿真和实测数据对参数估计方法进行了检验,实验中算法能够正确收敛,拟合性能较好,在此基础上可以得到量化器的最优阈值.随机共振系统处理前后的功率谱对比表明,3一水平量化器随机共振是检测高斯混合分布中微弱线谱的有效手段.