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为了研究水下航行体尾部厚边界层湍流非定常特征,利用轴对称的光体模型及2个尺度不同的大附体模型,在低速风洞中进行模型尾部壁面脉动压力与近壁湍动速度同步测试,并采取相关计算、小波分析等方法作数据处理分析.结果表明:航行体尾壁面脉动压力信号主频成分相对较少,且频率较为固定,反映航行体尾厚边界层流动大尺度相干结构影响;而近壁湍动速度信号反映多种不同尺度的涡作用,且低频信号占据主要的频率成分,同时,随着离壁面距离的增加,湍动速度与壁面脉动压力最大相关系数减小.测试同时考察了不同大附体方案和雷诺数变化对航行体尾湍流特性的影响. 相似文献
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壁面湍流脉动压力是重要的流噪声声源,对壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行数值计算是流声耦合领域的重要课题。文章在已有工作的基础上,采用大涡模拟方法(LES)结合动态亚格子涡模型(DSL)与千万量级的精细网格,对不同自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了数值计算与分析。首先,介绍了大涡模拟基本方法,包括:大涡模拟的物理内涵、基本方程以及所采用亚格子涡模型的表达式。其次,介绍了湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱及其计算与分析方法。再次,对不同自由来流角度情况下的湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了计算,并将计算结果进行了比较分析,深入讨论了自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的影响。结果表明,在自由来流角度影响下,湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱主要参数(包括波数—频率谱的谱级峰值、迁移脊在波数—频率域内的分布范围、迁移速度和无量纲迁移速度等)均发生了明显变化,说明自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱有显著影响,且边界层内湍流脉动压力的能量主要沿流向分布。因此,为了更加准确可靠地研究边界层内湍流脉动压力的主要统计特性及其波数—频率谱,传感器阵列或监测点阵列布置方向应与当地流向(局部剪应力线或摩擦力线)一致。 相似文献
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实际声强测量大多是在流动环境条件下进行,因此湍流对声强测量的影响是人们十分关心的工程实用问题.文章结合声强和湍流边界层等相关领域的技术,对流动条件下的声强技术进行了研究分析,导出了由湍流边界层引起的声强的具体表达式.应用Corcos建立的湍流边界层脉动压力模型,对湍流边界层脉动压力诱导的声强进行了数值计算分析,分析了测量传感器间距、马赫数等对声强测量的影响. 相似文献
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《中国舰船研究》2017,(6)
[目的]根据Lighthill声类比方程及其发展理论,可以将壁面湍流脉动压力的波数—频率谱作为声源项来预报流噪声,且分析湍流脉动压力的波数—频率谱有助于了解湍流结构的时空关联特性。[方法]以NACA0012翼型为例,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法进行流场仿真计算,然后通过Fourier变换得到壁面湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的数值解,并与Corcos的平板湍流边界层脉动压力波数—频率谱模型进行比较;在此基础上,将该波数—频率谱作为声源输入,代入Goldstein版本的声类比方程中预报辐射噪声,并与软件计算的流噪声结果以及Brooks试验拟合结果进行比较。[结果]结果发现:小曲率变化的NACA 0012翼型表面的波数—频率谱具有与平板表面相似的一般特性;在中、低频段采用该方法预报的流噪声结果与Brooks试验结果拟合更好。[结论]所得结果表明开展波数—频率谱研究是有必要的,将其作为主要声源项来预报亚声速下产生的流噪声是合理的。 相似文献
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湍流边界层脉动压力对声强测量的影响研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
实际声强测量时常常存在风流或水流,如在飞机或船舶上进行测量,声强探头将受到湍流边界层脉动压力的影响。如何评估该影响以及如何修正测量结果是人们十分关心的工程实用问题。该文首先简要介绍了建立的由湍流边界层脉动压力诱发声强的理论模型。接着利用现有的湍流边界层脉动压力频率-波数谱模型,对湍流边界层脉动压力及其诱发的声强进行了数值分析。为了验证理论模型及数值结果,设计制作了一套实验装置,对湍流边界层脉动压力及其产生的声强进行了具体测量分析。结果表明,湍流边界层脉动压力的测量结果与数值结果吻合良好,测量得到的边界层脉动压力诱发的声强特性与计算结果也十分一致,但必须注意对测量传感器的空间响应进行修正。 相似文献
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舰艇中、高速航行时,声呐导流罩外边界层的壁面受脉动压力激励,引起罩壳结构振动,并向罩壳内辐射噪声。该噪声是声呐平台区自噪声的主要成分。准确描述罩壳外边界层壁面脉动压力特征,是开展声呐导流罩内场自噪声影响评价以及导流罩壳减振降噪设计的基础和依据。首先,介绍壁面脉动压力功率谱的壁压试验法、半经验模型法、数值模拟法的相关进展;针对边界层转捩区的脉动压力功率谱特征,引出缩尺模型试验研究的尺度效应问题。其次,针对壁面脉动压力的尺度效应问题,概述脉动压力功率谱尺度律及其由模型试验到实船应用的发展,并介绍与缩尺模型试验载荷相似的重要手段——人工转捩方法的研究概况。最后,对人工转捩方法在声呐导流罩边界层壁面脉动压力载荷相似性研究中的应用进行展望。 相似文献
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通过建立非均衡湍流边界层脉动压力测试技术及可提供较高测试信噪比的低噪声风洞试验装置,采用表面贴装式硅微传声器线列阵,测量获得了不同压力梯度模型的湍流边界层脉动压力特性,压力梯度模型表面湍流边界层脉动压力低频平台区幅值增加3-5 dB;回归得到了非均衡湍流边界层流脉动压力频谱与Strauhal数及Re数和压力梯度相关的拟合模型,具有一定的适用性;压力梯度对湍流边界层脉动压力频率—波数谱的影响主要集中在300 Hz以下的低频段,传输波数附近峰脊区谱级增加3-5 dB。 相似文献
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为了在船舶液压系统发生乳化故障时诊断系统状况,研究液压系统管路边界层与其系统参数的关系。以锚机液压泵出口管路为研究对象,设计4种不同乳化污染程度的液压管路流动方案,运用Fluent对模型内部的流场进行模拟分析,并利用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)后处理软件对流动模型的数据进行提取,根据第二相体积分数云图来提取的管道内水团处的数据,比较管路边界层与液压系统状态参数之间的关系。研究表明:管道近壁面区域的速度梯度的突变值的最大值与含水量呈正比关系;在同一位置上,管道边界层的压力梯度绝对值的最大值与液压系统的乳化污染程度参数呈正比关系。通过对液压系统的乳化故障进行定性分析,将为液压系统状态监测和故障分析提供依据。 相似文献
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Laurence C. Breaker David B. Gilhousen Hendrik L. Tolman Lawrence D. Burroughs 《Journal of Marine Systems》1998,16(3-4)
Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships. 相似文献
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Compared to conventional fibre-reinforced composite pipes, fibre-reinforced hybrid composite pipes are more complex and are characterised by the use of hybrid fibres, hybrid matrices, and multiple fibre winding angles. In this study, based on the mechanical model of conventional fibre-reinforced composite pipes, the cross-section division method, the radial pressure on the adjacent layer by spiral wound rope structures, and the calculation method of axial force in each layer were improved. Furthermore, the von Mises stresses in each layer were calculated to discriminate the failure to establish a mechanical model of fibre-reinforced hybrid composite pipes with any number of reinforced layers under axial tension, internal pressure, and external pressure. Experimental data and the finite element method (FEM) were used to verify the reliability of the established model, with the axial tensile mechanical properties analysed based on the established model. The results showed that the large-angle fibres no longer withstood the axial tensile load when the winding angle of the large-angle fibres was greater than 45°. The matrices yielding was much earlier than the fibre breakage. The matrices hybrid methods have a large influence on the axial tensile properties of fibre-reinforced hybrid composite pipes, and improving the material properties of the inner and outer liners can significantly improve the axial tensile properties of fibre-reinforced hybrid composite pipes. 相似文献
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以上海第(6)层粉质黏土为例,研究了固结压力、各向异性及结构性对滨海地区粉质黏土渗透特性的影响,并通过电镜扫描(SEM)进行粉质黏土微观渗透机理的分析。研究表明,粉质黏土渗透系数随着固结压力增大而减小,粉质黏土水平方向的渗透性大于垂直方向;重塑土因受扰动渗透性反而变小。微观分析显示,固结压力增大使得土颗粒间的孔隙变小;垂直方向存在较多粒状聚体,而水平方向则以片状或板状聚体为主;重塑土受扰动后小颗粒填充了大孔隙。粉质黏土颗粒间的孔隙类型、接触方式等微观结构变化,是其宏观渗透性差异的根本原因。 相似文献
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基于Abaqus/Explicit准静态和质量放大方法研究了一类典型非粘结柔性立管在压力载荷作用下应变响应特性,对影响立管整体轴向延伸率和绕轴向扭转角度的因素进行了分析。数值模型计入金属层实际截面形状、铺设角度以及几何、接触、材料非线性。计算结果表明:数值解与理论值吻合较好;立管端部边界条件对轴向延伸率影响不大但对绕轴向扭转角度影响较大;抗压铠装层为径向压力主要受力构件,其铺设角度虽然对压溃性能不大,但在应变分析中不可忽略;拉伸铠装层铺设角度对应变影响同样较大。文中数值方法可弥补理论方法限定在小位移、小变形范围,无法计入层间摩擦、材料非线性及初始制造椭圆率等缺陷。 相似文献