基于平均压溃力的轿车前端结构优化方法

在某轿车设计开发初期阶段,以其前端结构在正面碰撞过程中所受到的平均压溃力为优化目标,综合考虑16 km/h正面40％偏置刚性壁碰撞、50 km/h正面刚性墙碰撞和56 km/h正面40％可变形壁偏置碰撞等3种碰撞模式进行结构优化分析,得到较好的车辆前端结构.在具备整车碰撞分析条件下,将优化结构进行整车碰撞仿真验证.仿真结果表明,优化后的前端结构在整车碰撞分析中表现理想.     

基于正交试验法的防撞梁耐撞性研究

针对国内某轿车前保险杠的吸能特性,本文采用正交试验法选定横梁外板的材料、厚度、结构为影响因素,利用Hypermesh有限元软件建立该保险杠的正面碰撞有限元模型,并基于Ls-Dyna求解器对保险杠横梁的最大位移及缓冲吸能装置的吸能特性进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明:采用铝合金材料,厚度为2.5mm的辊压成形结构防撞梁在10km/h的低速正面碰撞工况下,碰撞后的安全距离最大,吸能特性最好。     

汽车前保险杠横梁结构改进与优化

以某型保险杠横梁结构为研究对象,基于显示有限元法,再现了保险杠横梁正面低速碰撞变形过程。针对横梁结构抗弯性能不足等问题,提出了横梁截面形状改进方案,并进行模拟试验验证,选取了最优改进结果。试验结果表明：改进方案可以有效降低保险杠横梁侵入位移,改良保险杠横梁碰撞特性。     

LATIN NCAP最新评价结果公布,雷诺SANDERO获1星级评价

正诞生于2010年10月的Latin NCAP是由国际汽联、国际汽联基金会、城际轨道交通、GRMF(贡萨洛罗德里格斯纪念基金会)与美洲开发银行支持成立的一个NCAP机构。该机构主要对拉丁美洲市场上销售车辆的安全性进行评价。2016年,Latin NCAP对评价规则进行了调整,除了之前的正面40%偏置碰撞试验,新增加了车速为50km/h的侧面台车碰撞试验和速度为29km/h的侧面柱碰试验。日前,Latin NCAP公布了三菱Eclipse Cross与雷诺     

基于载荷传递模型的汽车耐撞性研究

为了提高汽车正面碰撞安全性,文章研究了碰撞载荷在车身结构中的传递路径,并以此为依托,总结了基于载荷传递路径的汽车碰撞安全性优化方法。以具体的车身结构为例,结合此方法,构建了其在整车64km/h正面40%偏置碰撞工况下的载荷传递模型。以优化侵入量为目标,载荷传递路径为根本,基于所建模型,提出了改进方案。结果表明,提出的改进方案在改善正面偏置碰撞汽车耐撞性方面取得了很好的效果。     

全承载式客车正面碰撞安全性的改进

研究了国内某量产全承载式客车的正面碰撞安全性,并改进其设计。采用有限元方法和多体动力学方法,建立了该客车的仿真模型、驾驶员约束系统仿真模型,进行了50 km/h正面碰撞仿真研究。客车的结构改进包括:在客车前端增加了吸能结构;为驾驶员约束系统匹配了安全带以及安全气囊。对改进后的模型进行了50 km/h正面碰撞仿真,计算了假人头部损伤值、胸部压缩量、大腿部伤害值。结果表明:改进后该客车50 km/h正面碰撞安全性有了较大提高,驾驶员损伤参数值均在乘用车正面碰撞乘员保护法规(GB11551-2003)参考值范围内。因此,将50 km/h作为客车正面碰撞试验速度在理论上具有可行性。     

轿车保险杠横梁的碰撞安全性研究

文章通过对国产某轿车保险杠横梁的正面碰撞仿真计算,对保险杠结构进行了修改,对比了前后两种结构保险杠的性能,为保险杠的设计开发提供参考,对深入研究汽车正面碰撞具有一定的参考价值。     

正碰工况中油箱冲击脱落问题研究

为解决某车型正面高速碰撞过程中燃油箱固定机构失效问题,应用SPH方法建立某车型燃油箱在64 km/h偏置碰撞工况中的仿真模型,再现油液对于油箱的冲击作用及燃油箱脱离过程。优化燃油箱安装固定机构方案,解决了油箱绑带的安装工艺难题。进行加速台车子系统试验验证,证明方案的可靠性。最后进行整车正面高速碰撞试验验证,解决了燃油箱在高速碰撞冲击下脱落的问题。     

商榷C-NCAP

世界各国NCAP碰撞速度都高于各国碰撞速度,而中国汽车技术研究中心NCAP正面、正面40%偏置、侧面碰撞速度都与我国碰撞标准相同,这如何能算NCAP?建议将40%偏置正面碰撞的碰撞速度提高到64km/h.这样就与欧洲NCAP的碰撞速度完全相同,想要出口到欧洲的汽车不出国门便可进行NCAP试验.     

基于正面力传递路径的轿车车身结构耐撞性

为了提高整车安全性，研究了某轿车车身结构耐撞性。分析了整车正面碰撞过程中碰撞力传递路径，利用HyperWorks软件，建立整车有限元模型，对车身结构关键零件（前纵梁、保险杠横梁和冲撞盒）进行改进设计。利用LS—DYNA软件，根据中国新车评价规程（CNCAP）碰撞安全法规，进行了100％刚性壁（RGB）正面碰撞和40％偏...     

基于两种正面碰撞的轿车耐撞性能仿真与改进研究

以某轿车为研究对象,建立了整车有限元模型,基于GB 11551—2003《乘用车正面碰撞的乘员保护》和欧洲正面碰撞法规ECE R94.01进行碰撞数值仿真,针对原车在两种正面碰撞中耐撞性能的不足,提出对主要吸能件进行结构改进与材料替换的方案。仿真计算结果表明,在整车质量仅增加3.05kg的情况下,改进方案使整车在正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞中加速度峰值降低了6.1g,在偏置40%重叠可变形壁障碰撞中乘员舱侵入量有明显减小。     

Vehicle crashworthiness in full and offset frontal impact tests

In the JNCAP, both full and offset frontal impact tests are performed. The crashworthiness and injury parameters in both tests were examined. Scores in both crash tests are strongly affected by chest and tibia injury criteria. Some cars score well on both tests, while others have poor scores in the offset impact tests because of the large intrusion into the passenger compartment. With the introduction of offset frontal impact tests, the stiffness of the passenger compartment has generally increased, but the force levels of the front structure have not always increased.     

基于RCAR正面保险杠测试的约束系统标定原则

欧盟RCAR自2011年1月新增保险杠低速碰撞的测试程序,并将测试结果正式加入保险等级评估程序中.若碰撞过程中气囊起爆,不但会增加维修成本,而且会影响保险等级和汽车销售情况.通过分析某车型在10 km/h保险杠测试工况下30～50 ms处碰撞传感器位置的加速度、速度与点火阈值的关系,提出低速碰撞约束系统设计原则.为权衡气囊误爆与汽车可维修性的关系,应在设计初期合理安排约束系统标定和分析,将此工况纳入约束系统标定试验矩阵中.     

Optimizing the shape of a bumper beam section considering pedestrian protection

This paper presents a design technique to optimize the shape of a vehicle bumper beam that satisfies both the safety requirements for a front rigid-wall impact and the regulations protecting pedestrians from lower leg injuries caused by bumper impacts. An intermediate response surface modeling (IRSM) technique was introduced to approximate the non-linear force-displacement curves obtained from the front impact analysis of a vehicle bumper. The accuracy of the IRSM model was tested by comparing its results with those of the non-linear finite element analysis. The maximum displacement error between the two models did not exceed 3%. Using pedestrian impact analyses based on the experimental arrangement of the Plackett-Burman design, the approximate functions describing the response values acting on the lower legs were calculated. The shape of the bumper beam was optimized by integrating the IRSM with the force-displacement model and the approximate functions on lower leg impact. The optimization results satisfied safety regulations on the maximum allowable displacement of the vehicle bumper, and also the regulations protecting pedestrians from lower leg injuries caused by bumper impacts.     

Effect of structural variables on automotive body bumper impact beam

Increasing fuel economy has been a central issue in the development of new cars, and one of the important strategies to improve fuel economy is to decrease vehicle weight. In order to obtain this goal, researchers have sought to make bumpers lighter without sacrificing strength, ability to absorb impact, or passenger safety. In this study, the effects of structural variables on the torsional stiffness of a body bumper impact beam were analyzed for possible weight reduction. To this end, the effects of variation of section height, increase of impact beam thickness and the addition of stays in a bumper impact beam were carefully investigated and compared. Among these, the most effective way to increase the torsional stiffness of the bumper impact beam was found to be increasing the section height. In addition, the potential for overall weight reduction of the impact beam was examined by comparing the crash capability of a bumper using conventional steels with that of high-strength steel (boron steel) with a tensile strength of 1.5 GPa. This analysis could serve as a guide to design for optimal bumper impact beam development.     

乘用车前悬长度总布置研究

阐述了上海通用(SGM)横置前驱乘用车前悬布置7大原则:布置与高速碰撞溃缩距离;吸能块和小腿装置与低速碰撞和行人保护;热敏感零件间隙与发动机舱热管理;转向机位置与底盘操控动态性能;动力总成位置与传动系统振动噪声;前悬长度与整车造型比例;前悬长度与整车轻量化。     

正碰和偏置试验中的Q3损伤对比研究

针对目前儿童乘员保护不足的问题,本文在某款C级轿车上采用50km/h的正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验(简称正碰试验)和64km/h的正面40%重叠可变形壁障偏置碰撞试验(简称偏置试验)对比分析Q3儿童的损伤情况。依据C-NCAP 2021版评价规程对2个试验工况中Q3儿童进行评价。2种工况,儿童假人体现的损伤情况均严重。正碰试验中头部、颈部和胸部压缩量的损伤值更大。对胸部累积3ms合成加速度而言,偏置试验得分很低,损伤更大。目前,5点式儿童安全带起不到很好的缓冲吸能的保护效果。车辆开发商可以设计能更好保护儿童乘员的约束系统。     

基于熵权TOPSIS法的CFRP防撞梁轻量化研究

碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)具有轻质高强的特点,本文中基于抗撞性要求将某乘用车保险杠原钢制防撞梁替换为CFRP,并进行铺层优化设计。首先对CFRP层合板进行力学性能试验以获得材料参数,并通过三点弯曲仿真试验验证其准确性,然后根据等刚度设计原理,确定CFRP防撞梁的厚度,并通过保险杠低速碰撞有限元仿真对比分析两种材料防撞梁的抗撞性能。在此基础上,以质量、比吸能、最大侵入量和碰撞力峰值为目标,采用熵权TOPSIS方法对CFRP防撞梁进行铺层优化,确定出最优铺层方案。结果表明,在保证抗撞性能要求的条件下,优化后的CFRP防撞梁比原钢制防撞梁减轻了76.82%。     

正面碰撞设计中约束系统优化工况选择

2012版C-NCAP碰撞工况中的40％偏置碰撞的试验速度由56km／h提升至64km／h,而100％刚性壁正碰仍保持50km／h．两者之间巨大的速度差,使约束系统的匹配变得更加困难。文章通过分析2款轿车和1款运动型乘用车的碰撞工况,采用仿真和台车试验的手段对乘员约束系统进行优化设计,使车辆碰撞安全性能得到优化。指出按乘员伤害值、约束系统能耗密度及能耗功率大小选定最坏碰撞模式,依此设定约束系统参数,在另一碰撞模式中加以验证的约束系统设计方法。     

Bumper optimum design using the dynamically equivalent beam under various impact conditions

Nowadays it is required for the bumper system to meet the various impact conditions simultaneously; barrier impact, IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) bumper impact and pedestrian impact. Firstly, dynamically equivalent bumper beam models were developed for each impact condition and its accuracy was verified by nonlinear finite element analysis result. Dynamically equivalent pedestrian impact beam model was developed by using the equivalent forces of bumper beam and stiffeners. Pedestrian bending angle was obtained by using this equivalent pedestrian beam model. By combining these equivalent beam models, bumper optimum design program was developed. In this optimum design program, direct search method was used for the optimization algorithm. To verify the accuracy of this optimum design program, a nonlinear finite element result was used. By using this optimum design program, it can be secured the bumper impact performances in an early design stage and it will be also contributed to reduce the design time and test costs.