中国的航运政策与发展

中国的改革开放已走过20年.20年来,航运市场的开放领域不断扩展.1984年中国批准了第一家外国航运公司的班轮挂靠我国港口,1986年批准了第一家外国航运公司在华设立代表处和第一家中外合资国际航运企业及第一家中外合资国内航运企业;1991年批准了第一家外国航运公司在华设立独资航务公司.目前,经批准设立的中外合资航运企业已达120多家,航运代表处350多个,独资子公司及其分支机构70多个,8家国外船级社在我国设立了15个办事处.中国政府已和52个国家签订了海运协定.     

Sociocultural Effects of a Market-Based Fishery Management Program in the Florida Keys

Spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) represents one of the most lucrative fisheries in the State of Florida, and a majority of the catch is landed in the Florida Keys. Over the past three decades, the industry grew significantly, and by the end of the 1980s, state fishery managers agreed that the fishery was overextended. In 1991, the Florida Legislature passed the Spiny Lobster Trap Certificate Program (LTC), created to stabilize the industry by reducing the total number of traps while allowing fishers to transfer trap certificates in a market-based system akin to individual transferable quotas. Data from a survey study suggest that a majority of the respondents are dissatisfied with the LTC, which they view as transitory and unsustainable. The fishers' negative views are motivated by sociocultural changes in the fishing community. Managers need to consider modifications to the LTC and other such marketbased programs to minimize sociocultural impacts and retain small-scale fisher participation in such fisheries.     

乡镇造船业的现状与管理对策

扬州市地处苏北水网地区,南临长江,举世闻名的京杭大运河纵贯南北,历史上水运业就十分发达.改革开放20年来,随着乡镇水运业的蓬勃发展,全市乡镇造船工业也异军突起,在经历了起步与发展、整合与优化、提高与壮大几个阶段后,扬州已逐步发展成为华东地区重要的内河小型船舶建造基地,造船量占全省30%左右.1999～2000年两年间,全市取得<认可证书>的各类船舶修造厂家共有88家,共检验各类新建船舶约1560艘,188969总吨,造船能力和检验能力都名列全省前茅.     

Application of a Sustainable Fisheries Development Indicator System (SFDIS) for Better Management Outcomes in Taiwan Offshore and Coastal Fishery

A sustainable fisheries development indicator system (SFDIS) is proposed in this article to monitor management of Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries. Demonstration of its application shows that the ecological index is tending toward sustainability but to conserve fisheries’ resources it is necessary to strengthen habitat protection and management through a partnership approach. The economic index is tending toward unsustainability as a result of a decline in fisheries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP), value, economic production, and investment. An aging fisherman population and decreasing social performance and resilience contribute to unsustainability of the social index. By contrast, the institutional index is sustainable because of improved management efficiency, ability, and capacity-building. However, some problems exist with regard to compliance and acceptability of institutional expense. Overall, the SFDIS suggests that an increase in employee number, incorrect statistical data, and unacceptable institutional expense will make Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries unsustainable in the long run.     

农渔用小艇的实船特征

通过总结农渔用小艇的设计与建造的经验,论述了农渔用小艇的特征、参数、设计时考虑的因素,对按<内河船舶稳性规范>小型船舶简易衡准法等3个公式核算提出了自已的看法.     

石笼护岸结构在斯里兰卡渔业码头的应用

斯里兰卡渔业码头项目普遍采用石笼作为小型码头和护岸的主体结构,石笼结构简单,施工简便,无需大型施工设备,值得推广。     

渔业船舶评估技术规范研究

着重围绕渔业船舶评估技术规范、评估特点、参数选取、范围界定、不确定影响因素及勘验评估等方面进行规范性的研究,为渔业船舶抵押贷款、海损事故、保险理算等价格评估的公正性和正确性提供科学的依据。     

临港区域开发中公共基础设施的资产管理模式

基于天津滨海新区临港经济区南部区域的开发建设实践,以项目区分理论为基础研究区域开发过程中公共基础设施资产管理的相关问题,通过对各类公共基础设施的对比分析,针对不同类型公共基础设施资产管理的模式提出初步建议,为创新区域开发管理模式提供建议和参考。     

中国渔政33511设计探析

以千岛湖内河新型渔政执法艇“中国渔政33511”为例,对设计过程中涉及的总体布置、结构、性能和特点等问题进行了初步的探讨。     

The Value of a Spillover Fishery for Spiny Lobsters Around a Marine Reserve in Northern New Zealand

The contribution that Leigh Marine Reserve in northern New Zealand makes to the local spiny lobster fishery was examined by comparing the catch characteristics of Jasus edwardsii around the reserve boundary with those from Coastal Leigh, 0.3-2 km from the reserve, and Little Barrier Island, 22-30 km from the reserve. Seasonal trends were apparent in the reserve catch characteristics, consistent with lobster movements into and out of offshore fishing areas adjacent to the boundary. No significant difference was detected in catch per unit effort (kg.trap haul -1 ) among locations. However, the catch around the marine reserve consisted of fewer but larger lobsters than at Little Barrier Island, while the size and number of lobsters caught per trap haul at Coastal Leigh was intermediate between the other two locations. Catch rates around the reserve were more variable than at the other sites, but on average, the amount of money made per trap haul was similar to Little Barrier Island and Coastal Leigh.     

可持续发展背景下区域高等教育质量保障体系研究

通过分析影响区域高等教育教学质量的相关因素,提出构建高等教育质量保障体系的必要性,结合目前辽宁省高等教育质量的现状提出一套可持续发展背景下辽宁省高等教育质量保障体系的构想。     

Transport choice behaviour of Chinese and Australian tourists in Scotland

This study aimed to investigate and analyse the internal pre-purchase transport choice behaviour of Chinese and Australian tourists in Scotland. A literature review was carried out to explore the pre-purchase internal transport choice behaviour of tourists. A questionnaire was designed based on the findings of the literature review. A convenience sampling plan was developed to achieve a valid and statistically significant sample size for the two selected markets: Chinese and Australian tourists. Surveys were distributed directly within the Highlands and indirectly through tour operators. A number of significant differences in pre-purchase transport choice behaviour were found between independent and tour travellers and between Chinese and Australian tourists. A number of other variables including English language capabilities, country of residence, education levels and previous travel experience were also found to have significant influences on the process. A number of recommendations relating to market analysis and research, promotion and product development were made to Scottish tourism transport providers based on the findings.     

广西北海渔业基地港内泥沙淤积特征及原因分析

文章介绍北海渔业基地港建成后,在东防波堤内测发生泥沙淤积,并分析其原因。     

Sustainability Challenges in the Geoduck Clam Fishery of British Columbia: Policy Perspectives

The geoduck clam fishery, worth approximately CDN $40 million ¹ US $ equivalence: 35 million (Bank of Canada exchange rate on February 1, 2006). in annual landed value, is British Columbia's most valuable invertebrate fishery. This fishery has been co-managed by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) and the Underwater Harvesters Association (UHA) since 1989. Earlier input control measures such as effort regulation, seasonal closures, and licenses failed to work effectively for more than ten years, resulting in excess fishing capacity, over harvesting, poor economic returns, and unsafe fishing practices. Output control measures such as the individual vessel quota system (IVQ) have, to some extent, proven successful in improving revenues, controlling excess fishing capacity, gaining compliance with regulations, and involving fishers in the joint decision-making processes. However, there are public concerns about a common property resource at risk of being dominated by a few UHA license holders. Additionally, there are concerns about the job losses resulting from IVQ implementation, as well as distribution and equity issues. This article traces and examines the policy context for fisheries management in the British Columbia (BC) geoduck fishery, discusses the major concerns surrounding the exploitation of long lived Methuselah's clams and concludes with areas for further research in sustaining this lucrative fishery.     

Development of Optimal Maintenance Policies for Offshore Wind Turbine Gearboxes Based on the Non-homogeneous Continuous-Time Markov Process

Journal of Marine Science and Application - Gearbox in offshore wind turbines is a component with the highest failure rates during operation. Analysis of gearbox repair policy that includes...     

中外航海教育若干政策比较

航海教育的发展在很大程度上取决于航海教育政策的制定,只有适合国情、力度到位、与时俱进的航海教育政策才能保证我国航海教育顺利发展,而要制定适合的政策,最佳的捷径是借他国的经验。章比较、分析了我国和一些航海教育发达国家航海教育政策在投入、教师、招生以及就业方面的异同,提出了可以借鉴的方面,对制定我国航海教育发展政策有一定的参考意义。     

基于系统动力学的港口与区域经济和谐发展的机理研究——以福建省为案例

以系统动力学(SD)模型为主体,结合投入产出表与计量经济学方法,建立港口与区域经济系统互动模型,应用此模型对港口与区域经济和谐发展的机理进行分析,最终找到港口与区域经济动态和谐发展的平衡点,并且对港口自身的发展运行状态作出评价。然后以福建省为案例对系统动力学模型进行仿真和验证。     

基于AIS数据的渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型

构建一种渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型,并对其求解方法和计算流程进行设计.将该模型应用到基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)数据的渔业船舶安全管理与评价系统开发中,在系统中进行AIS数据库重构和数据深度挖掘,引入模糊数学方法和层次分析法,实现对渔业船舶碰撞风险度的科学评估和预测.测试结果表明:构建的渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型和开发的渔业船舶安全管理与评价系统可靠,预测的结果可信,可为渔业船舶的安全管理和评价提供科学的方法.     

服务贸易全球化与中国航海教育的应对

面对服务贸易纳入WTO管辖范围而呈现全球化高速发展,分析中国航海教育将受到的冲击和影响,提出应对的措施。     

Inshore Stocks of Atlantic Cod Are Important for Rebuilding the East Coast Fishery

Cod (Gadus morhua) inhabit not only the famous fishing banks of the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf, but also inshore waters from Labrador to New England. Relatively little is known about the life history of inshore cod, their historic levels of abundance, and their relationship to offshore stocks. Inshore cod stocks along the East Coast should be managed under a new paradigm that recognizes the importance of these fish to the stock complex. Recently documented fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) suggests inshore stocks of cod may exist along the Newfoundland and Labrador coastline that have yet to be scientifically documented. Coastal communities adjacent to the local population of cod in Gilbert Bay, Labrador have initiated efforts to protect and manage this stock locally through a co-management approach. The Gilbert Bay experience, FEK, and related science and education could provide insight into ways to protect and enhance the health of local stocks remaining along the northeast coast of North America.