Experimental study on responses of an 8-module VLFS considering different encounter wave conditions

For the very large floating structure (VLFS) which is deployed near seashores, islands and reefs, the encounter wave conditions are always extremely complex. Traditional methods using homogeneous wave environment conditions cannot be applied for the analysis. In order to provide references for the further development of numerical methods, this paper reports an experimental study on responses of an 8-module VLFS under three different encounter wave conditions. The wave heights, accelerations, motions and connector loads of VLFS in three test schemes are obtained and analyzed. The comparative results show that the inhomogeneous wave conditions have an essential influence on the responses of VLFS. Especially for the connector loads, the values in the inhomogeneous wave conditions increase a lot compared with the other two test schemes. It indicates the traditional numerical methods using homogeneous wave field may not guarantee a safe design of VLFS and its connectors in the complicated wave environments.     

Estimation of wind loads on VLFS of semisubmersible type

This paper presents the results of investigation of wind lift force on VLFS of semisubmersible type. In the present study, wind–wave tank experiments on the scale model were also conducted in regular progressive waves. Lift forces and wind pressure were measured as a function of column diameter, unit number, superstructure and wave condition, and divided into time-averaged mean and fluctuating components. The importance of lift force, especially at the leading edge of deck, was verified in the experimental results. The results showed that fluctuation in lift force which was caused by interaction between the wind and wave was significantly large in typhoon conditions. Measured lift forces were linearly related to fluctuation of wind velocity. A lift force model is further proposed for the estimation of lift forces on VLFS of semisubmersible type and the effectiveness of this model was confirmed by the present experimental data.     

船舶碰撞载荷对移动海上基地连接器载荷的影响

移动海上基地属于超大型浮式结构物,在营运过程中会遇到飞机坠落,船舶碰撞等事故情况。事故载荷不仅会对超大型浮式结构物的局部结构产生破坏作用,而且会对超大型浮式结构物的薄弱环节——连接器产生附加载荷。以船舶碰撞为例,采用简化的RMFC模型,然后通过SESAM软件计算水动力系数,将其代入多刚体运动微分方程后用数值方法求解,研究特殊载荷对连接器载荷的影响。考虑不同连接器刚度以及不同撞击部位工况,估算碰撞引起的连接器载荷的数量级,并与波浪载荷引起的连接器载荷进行了比较。这为今后移动海上基地连接器设计提供了指导和依据。     

碰撞事故时超大型浮体模块连接处荷载特性研究

精确评估模块连接处荷载特性对超大型浮体的水动力设计及结构安全性研究具有重要的工程意义。文章以5模块半潜式超大型浮体为研究对象,考虑碰撞荷载和风、浪、流环境荷载的联合作用并采用AQWA软件对超大型浮体模块连接点处的受力特性开展了数值计算。船舶碰撞荷载简化为矩形脉冲,采用定常风、定常流以及JONSWAP波谱,探讨了船舶碰撞角度、撞击位置、环境荷载等因素对模块连接点受力特性的影响。该文的研究成果可为事故荷载作用时超大型浮体连接器结构设计和强度计算提供一定依据。     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.     

Overview: Research on hydroelastic responses of VLFS in complex environments

In the past several decades, extensive investigations have been carried out on the hydroelastic responses of Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) in the deep open sea by researchers around the world. However, when tackling the hydroelastic problems of VLFS used as the protection and exploitation of marine resources near offshore and islands, the effects of complex environments, such as the seabed profile and inhomogeneous wave conditions should be taken into account. Based on the development history of VLFS and the process of classical hydroelasticity of VLFS, the research results of hydroelastic responses of VLFS in complex environments have been systematically summarized in this paper, so as to provide a basis for the further research.     

超大型浮体模块水弹性响应和结构强度分析

水弹性方法针对超大型浮体的刚度特点,充分考虑了结构变形与流体运动的相互作用,是进行结构安全性分析的有效手段。文章采用水弹性分析方法研究了超大型浮体单模块总体波浪载荷以及结构应力响应。首先基于三维有限元方法分析了模块在真空中的总振动模态,然后结合模态叠加法和边界元法计算了模块在流场里面的谐振和模态响应。在此基础上,研究了各模态下结构的应力响应以及总应力响应,并分析了危险载荷工况,评估了超大型浮体单模块的结构强度,研究结果对超大型浮体单模块结构优化设计和安全性评估具有一定的指导意义。     

Simplified estimation for the dynamic behavior and reliability analysis of very large floating structures under wave-induced loads

This paper deals with the dynamic response and strength of very large floating structures (VLFS) in regular and irregular waves, considering the propagation of the hydroelastic deflection wave of the structure. First, a simplified estimation method is presented for the dynamic response and strength of the structure in regular waves. Then, the validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing its results with analytical results and experimental results for a mat-type floating structure model. Next, a simplified estimation method for dynamic responses under long crested irregular wave conditions is presented by using the above results and by combining them with irregular sea wave spectra. Finally, the applicability of the method is investigated through numerical examples carried out for a 4,800-m class VLFS under trial design. Characteristics of the hydroelastic waves, short-term responses, and reliability levels are numerically identified. Received for publication on April 14, 1999; accepted on Sept. 10, 1999     

箱式超大型浮体在不平底部海域中的水弹性响应

采用作者们(2007)提出的函数展开法描述箱式超大型浮体漂浮在不平底部海域中的水弹性响应问题.将速度势沿静水面位置展开,其系数是水平位置的函数.根据速度势满足拉普拉斯方程就可将这些系数简化到只有两个未知函数.海底条件和平板动力学方程或联合的自由面条件可以分别在Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区建立两个方程用于确定这两个未知函数.不同区域的解要在公共界面上进行匹配.在求解水弹性问题时,展开法必须要截断,从原理上来说,保留的项数越多,其解可以适用于更高阶的kh,其中k是波数,h是水深.作为一个例子,文中给出了只保留一项的结果,而这正好是人们所熟悉的浅水方程.     

支撑条件对浮动式厚弹性板水弹性行为的影响分析（英文）

The hydroelastic response of very large floating structures(VLFS) under the action of ocean waves is analysed considering the small amplitude wave theory. The very large floating structure is modelled as a floating thick elastic plate based on TimoshenkoMindlin plate theory, and the analysis for the hydroelastic response is performed considering different edge boundary conditions.The numerical study is performed to analyse the wave reflection and transmission characteristics of the floating plate under the influence of different support conditions using eigenfunction expansion method along with the orthogonal mode-coupling relation in the case of finite water depth. Further, the analysis is extended for shallow water depth, and the continuity of energy and mass flux is applied along the edges of the plate to obtain the solution for the problem. The hydroelastic behaviour in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients, plate deflection, strain, bending moment and shear force of the floating thick elastic plate with support conditions is analysed and compared for finite and shallow water depth. The study reveals an interesting aspect in the analysis of thick floating elastic plate with support condition due to the presence of the rotary inertia and transverse shear deformation. The present study will be helpful for the design and analysis of the VLFS in the case of finite and shallow water depth.     

多模块连接半潜式平台稳性对比分析

为开发我国海洋丰富的渔业、油气和旅游资源,可以在指定海域布设超大型浮式结构物,作为综合保障基地,提供船舶停靠、人员居住、渔业加工、油气开发、环境监测、飞机起降等多种功能.考虑到建造、运输等因素,超大型浮式结构物一般由多个相同或相似模块连接组成.本文基于一型半潜式平台模块,分别开展单、双、三模块的稳性分析,并对其稳性分析结果进行对比分析,探讨模块数量对平台稳性的影响,为超大型浮式结构物的后续设计与运营提供参考.     

基于直接计算方法的海上超大型浮式结构物单模块强度分析

海上超大型浮式结构是由若干个与半潜平台相似的浮体通过连接器相连而成的一种新型海上结构,目前对其结构强度分析较少。文章基于直接计算方法,采用SESAM/Hydro D进行超大浮体单模块水动力分析并预报其波浪载荷,进而调用SESAM/Sestra模块进行超大浮体总体强度有限元分析。分析表明,超大浮体的三个连接部位出现了较大应力集中。选取这三处连接部位作为关键节点,采用ANSYS计算该三处关键节点的局部强度。研究结果表明,在横撑与下浮体连接处总体和局部应力均最大,该部位是易产生疲劳破坏的部位,需要重点研究。     

超大型浮体结构极限强度研究综述

随着世界人口的迅速增长、内陆资源的枯竭和世界经济的可持续发展,人类逐步加大了海洋资源开发和空间利用能力的投入力度.超大型浮体结构是近几十年来海洋利用中备受关注的海洋结构之一.尽管对超大型浮体进行了广泛的研究,但仍有许多关键技术需要解决,超大型浮体结构的极限承载力就是关键技术之一.本文首先给出了经典的超大型浮体结构构型,其次针对文中的构型给出其载荷特性,然后总结分析了超大型浮体的极限强度计算方法以及试验研究,最后对超大型浮体结构极限强度研究的进展进行了讨论.     

多模块MOB连接器动力特性研究

以7模块MOB为研究对象,利用RMFC模型,基于势流理论对7个构成模块单元进行3D水动力性能分析,计算过程中考虑了由于遮蔽效应而导致的浮体间相互作用.编制基于频域的多浮体运动和柔性连接器载荷计算程序,计算在规则波和不规则波下的连接器载荷值,并比较不同连接器刚度下各柔性连接器载荷值.计算结果表明,波浪入射角、波频、连接器刚度和海况对连接器载荷响应具有显著影响.本文的计算结果可为MOB柔性连接器设计与模块耐波性设计提供参考.     

基于离散模块梁单元水弹性理论的复杂连接处建模方法

[目的]在离散模块?梁单元(DMB)水弹性理论框架下,提出针对连接形式复杂的超大型浮体结构(VLFS)的新的建模方法,并与已有方法进行对比分析.[方法]首先,概述基于DMB的水弹性分析方法,给出求解连续VLFS结构在波浪作用下的动力响应步骤;然后,针对VLFS复杂连接处进行建模,通过定义连接处的刚度矩阵,对与连接处相邻...     

On the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in a plate

This paper deals with the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in pontoon-type very large floating structures (VLFS) using a simple beam modeling, where the term hydroelastic waves means propagation of deflection vibrations in VLFS. The purpose of this paper is to show the properties of the hydroelastic waves. The dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves propagating in an infinite plate floating on the water is derived based on the linear water wave theory. The effects of the water depth and of the bending rigidity of the floating plate on the wavelength, phase velocity, and group velocity of the hydroelastic waves are shown theoretically or numerically. Then, the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in a finite plate floating on shallow water is investigated. It is shown that the wavelength or the phase velocity of the hydroelastic waves varies with the location in the plate. Received for publication on April 7, 1999; accepted on Aug. 20, 1999     

超大型浮体横向和纵向两种构型下浮体的完整稳性对比分析

由于海洋超大型浮体的超大尺度、复杂的结构形式、恶劣的长期使用环境、所受的外部载荷时空变化剧烈和多样化的任务功能需求等特点,需要开展对海洋超大型浮体构型和结构形式的研究,其中稳性性能是确定超大型浮体构型的关键因素之一.本文针对超大型浮体的横向、纵向下浮体两种构型分别开展完整稳性分析,并对其稳性分析结果进行对比分析,对相关技术要点进行了探讨,给出超大型浮体构型研究中关于下浮体布置朝向的建议,为相关科学问题的研究打下基础.     

超大型海洋浮式结构物动力特性研究综述

对于超大型海洋浮式结构物的研究正日益受到重视。在研制超大型海洋浮式结构过程中需要解决的一项最具挑战性的关键技术问题是它在海洋环境中的动力特性预报方法。国内外许多人士都对这一问题正在开展研究。本文对这一领域的研究现状作一回顾，为进一步开展深入研究提供基础。     

Analysis of the slowly varying drift force on a very large floating structure in multidirectional random seas

In designing the mooring system of a very large floating structure (VLFS), it is essential to estimate the slowly varying drift force in random seas. For a small vessel, Hsu's method or Newman's approximation may be used to simulate this slowly varying drift force. However, based on experiments and/or field observations, it was found that the slowly varying drift force acting on a VLFS could be reduced to a great extent from the simulated values based on those methods. Thus, the conventional methods are not applicable for a VLFS. This discovery led to the development of several methods for estimating the slowly varying drift force on a VLFS, e.g., Namba et al. (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 186:235–242, 1999), and Shimada and Maruyama (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 190:347–351, 2001). However, Namba's method is only applicable to a pontoon-type VLFS with a shallow draft, and Shimada's method is too simplified to account for the general shape of a VLFS and elastic deformation. These methods have been expanded in this article, and by our proposed method, any shape of VLFS and the effect of elastic deformation of the VLFS can be included. Formulations and several numerical examples are given.     

基于系泊静态相似的超大型浮体单模块系泊系统简化

由多个模块组成的超大型浮体,其系泊系统中的锚链数量会随着模块数量的增加而显著上升。对这样的多模块超大型浮体进行模型试验时,过多的锚链会增加系泊系统的系统误差,增加系泊系统的预张力调节难度。因此,合理地简化系泊系统,减少锚链数量十分必要。本文提出了一种基于静态等效的系泊系统简化方法,将系泊系统的静态等效转化为多目标优化问题,以初始系泊系统与简化系泊系统的水平静回复力和艏摇恢复力矩等效作为目标函数,利用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求得最优的简化锚链参数,并对使用简化系泊系统的超大型浮体的运动响应进行模拟。通过对比使用简化前后系泊系统运动响应时历的相关性系数,证明对于本文中所使用的浅水悬链式系泊系统,基于静态等效对其进行数量精减并保证浮体的运动响应变化较小是可行的。同时,浮体本身的特性对锚链系统简化的最终效果存在着一定影响。