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The large variety of factors that influence port performance complicates the determination of port efficiency. This paper presents a new approach to the measurement of efficiency. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), as a it is called, has particular applicability in the service sector. Applying mathematical programming techniques. DEA enables relative efficiency ratings ti be derived within a set of analysed units. Thus it does not require the developmentof ‘standards’ against which efficiency is measured, although such standards can be incorporated in the DEA analysis. The efficiency of units is compared with an ‘efficiency envelope’ that contains the most efficient units in the group. The DEA approach will be demonstrated by a hypothetical numerical example where the performance of 20 ports are compared. The DEA efficiency ratings can be useful tool for port managers and for researchers, providing a deeper insight into port performance. Weaknesses can be detected, leadungs the way to potential improvements.     

Container terminal productivity: a perspective

The increasing competitiveness of the marine transportation industry has brought about demands that container terminal productivity be improved. MARAD, in cooperation with the National Research Council, has responded by developing a number of quantitative measurements for container terminal productivity. In this paper we discuss the problems and prospects of using such measurements to estimate or compare the productivity of terminals or ports. Because physical or institutional factors, or a combination of the two, act to limit the productivity of every container terminal, quantitative productivity comparisons among terminals or ports may lead to misplaced efforts to improve the productivity of particular operational elements in piecemeal fashion. By contrast, a sensible strategy for managing productivity would involve the linking of productivity and cost data, so that existing productivity constraints can be intelligently shifted from one area of operations to another.     

Port performance comparison applying data envelopment analysis (DEA)

The large variety of factors that influence port performance complicates the determination of port efficiency. This paper presents a new approach to the measurement of efficiency. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), as a it is called, has particular applicability in the service sector. Applying mathematical programming techniques. DEA enables relative efficiency ratings ti be derived within a set of analysed units. Thus it does not require the developmentof 'standards' against which efficiency is measured, although such standards can be incorporated in the DEA analysis. The efficiency of units is compared with an 'efficiency envelope' that contains the most efficient units in the group. The DEA approach will be demonstrated by a hypothetical numerical example where the performance of 20 ports are compared. The DEA efficiency ratings can be useful tool for port managers and for researchers, providing a deeper insight into port performance. Weaknesses can be detected, leadungs the way to potential improvements.     

有护面块体掩护的斜坡堤弧形胸墙波压力研究

弧形胸墙可以有效减小斜坡堤越浪、降低胸墙顶高程,因此越来越多地在工程中采用。但在规范中对斜坡式防波堤弧形胸墙波压力计算方法没有明确规定。结合工程实例,将弧形胸墙波压力物理模型实测结果与现行规范直立胸墙波压力计算结果进行对比分析,总结了该工程防波堤弧形胸墙在有掩护条件下所受的波压力情况,供工程设计参考。     

Productivity and returns to scale of container ports

This is an empirical analysis of the performance of the five major container ports of the East Coast of the United States: Boston, New York-New Jersey, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Hampton Roads. The data through 1978 indicate wide disparities in the productivity of these facilities. They also suggest that container ports exhibit significant returns to scale throughout the range of observation, that is up to 15 Mt a Year. These findings indicate that a national policy of developing small ports is not economically attractive, and that specific investments should be made most carefully.     

EDI报文标准在物流电子商务中的应用

发端于重庆“关、港、贸”协作机制的西部口岸物流信息平台 ,结合内贸运输和综合物流 ,用XML开发基于EDI核心交换技术和报文标准的物流电子单证及业务交换电子商务 ,最终将实现西部口岸物流的一站式服务 ,并与中国电子口岸系统、长江流域国际集装箱多式联运EDI信息系统等连接。整个系统分为网络接入、信息交换、应用处理和数据库 4个子系统。按照分步实施原则 ,首先实现数据处理、信息发布、会员服务、在线交易等基本功能 ,然后根据实际营运情况和需要 ,发展辅助功能 ,最后建成西部地区电子采购系统。     

A logistics and supply chain management approach to port performance measurement

Although there is widespread recognition of the potential of ports as logistics centres, widely accepted performance measurements for such centres have yet to be developed. The essence of logistics and supply chain management is an integrative approach to the interaction of different processes and functions within a firm extended to a network of organizations for the purpose of cost reduction and customer satisfaction []. The logistics approach often adopts a cost trade-off analysis between functions, processes and even supply chains []. This approach could be beneficial to port efficiency by directing port strategy towards relevant value-added logistics activities. This paper seeks to show that through conceptualizing ports from a logistics and supply chain management approach, it is possible to suggest a relevant framework of port performance. A proposed framework is tested in a survey of port managers and other international experts.     

A logistics and supply chain management approach to port performance measurement

Although there is widespread recognition of the potential of ports as logistics centres, widely accepted performance measurements for such centres have yet to be developed. The essence of logistics and supply chain management is an integrative approach to the interaction of different processes and functions within a firm extended to a network of organizations for the purpose of cost reduction and customer satisfaction [1]. The logistics approach often adopts a cost trade-off analysis between functions, processes and even supply chains [2]. This approach could be beneficial to port efficiency by directing port strategy towards relevant value-added logistics activities. This paper seeks to show that through conceptualizing ports from a logistics and supply chain management approach, it is possible to suggest a relevant framework of port performance. A proposed framework is tested in a survey of port managers and other international experts.     

Ports as elements in value-driven chain systems: the new paradigm

This paper argues that, with the rapid and pervasive restructuring of supply chains and of the logistics pathways in which ports are embedded, existing paradigms no longer offer adequate insights into the functions of ports or port authorities. Rather, ports must now be seen as elements in value-driven chain systems or in value chain constellations. They deliver value to shippers and to third party service providers; customer segmentation and targeting is on the basis of a clearly specified value proposition; and the port captures value for itself and for the chain in which it is embedded. The role of ports and port authorities, and the way in which they position themselves in the new business environments beyond 2001 must be defined within a paradigm of ports as elements in value-driven chain systems, not simply as places with particular, if complex, functions.     

Ports as elements in value-driven chain systems: the new paradigm

This paper argues that, with the rapid and pervasive restructuring of supply chains and of the logistics pathways in which ports are embedded, existing paradigms no longer offer adequate insights into the functions of ports or port authorities. Rather, ports must now be seen as elements in value-driven chain systems or in value chain constellations. They deliver value to shippers and to third party service providers; customer segmentation and targeting is on the basis of a clearly specified value proposition; and the port captures value for itself and for the chain in which it is embedded. The role of ports and port authorities, and the way in which they position themselves in the new business environments beyond 2001 must be defined within a paradigm of ports as elements in value-driven chain systems, not simply as places with particular, if complex, functions.     

基于DBSCAN的港口泊位自动识别算法设计

为更好地监测船舶动态和船舶在港口的作业情况,通过对K-Means算法和DBSCAN(Density-Based Spa-tial Clustering of Applications with Noise)密度聚类算法进行对比,选择DBSCAN密度聚类算法对港口泊位进行聚类,对港口泊位的位置和大小进行识别.基于船舶自动...     

现代化渔港产业业态分析

国内外诸多地区正致力于打造多功能现代化渔港,但在建设过程中对产业业态和功能定位仍不很清晰。为此,在分析渔港传统功能及其功能多元化趋势的基础上,研究现代化渔港的功能定位和产业业态。认为现代化渔港需要在规划设计时统筹考虑渔港和周边区域,围绕远洋渔业基地、避风避险基地、执法维权基地、海洋科考产业基地以及渔港旅游休闲产业,打造"渔港产业经济综合体",为现代化渔港的建设提供参考,提升渔港建设水准。     

Dynamics of liner shipping service scheduling and their impact on container port competition

Container ports provide the primary interface where physical exchange between buyers and sellers of containerised shipping capacity can be consolidated and realised. Consequently, ports that are able to complement and add value to the objectives of shipping lines and shippers will become focal points for containerised cargo flows. To evaluate container port competition, the authors propose a practical and direct approach based on revealed preferences of shipping lines with respect to container shipping service dynamics. The container shipping networks are generated as carriers formulate their service schedules to capitalise on opportunities that are presented by evolving container trade patterns along trade routes and relative changes in the competitive profile of the ports of call. Empirical results showed that this approach offers a deeper understanding on the workings and evolution of competitive dynamics between ports, which may not be obvious from observations of port performance at the aggregated level. Benefits of the approach also include raising awareness that policy makers should be aware of the need to understand the nature, extensity and intensity of competitive relationships between ports as they craft and implement policies to correct for the actual or perceived market failures in the industry.     

The role of inland terminal development in the hinterland access strategies of Spanish ports

The aim of this paper is to understand how inland terminals are developed in relation both to ports and to other inland terminals within a national system.The paper builds on previous work developing inland terminal taxonomies and applies them to the Spanish case, with supplementary focus on the relations between the “dry port” and “extended gate” concepts. Theoretical contributions include both the importance of development direction (land-driven vs sea-driven) and the identification of an emerging spatial disparity in port development strategies between coastal and inland nodes.In Spain, ports retain an interest in inland terminals through minority shareholdings but they are not the primary investors. The principal ports using Spanish inland terminals are Barcelona and Valencia, both of which are also developing logistics zones within their ports. Furthermore, while the ports are developing closer IT links with these inland locations, this does not necessarily indicate greater than normal levels of cooperation. A study of the Spanish system thus raises questions about whether the increasing academic focus on “dry ports” actually signals any change in strategies of port development or intermodal terminal operation. Therefore the final aim of this paper is to question the use of the “dry port” terminology.     

Systematizing international benchmarking for ports

The subject of port efficiency is one of the important issues facing port authorities and policy makers today. A number of studies have been undertaken which compare ports in terms of their efficiency. But any port comparison can only be valid and meaningful if a port's efficiency is compared with a similar port. The principal objective of this paper is to introduce a systematic approach to identifying similar ports based on the technique of principal component analysis. Secondly, it seeks to identify the most important factors underlying the port classification. Lack of awareness of which factors differentiate ports has resulted in an unnecessary collection of data which are of limited use in port classification. This study has identified three groupings of similar ports within which port comparison can be justifiably made. This approach can be used for any future port comparison and can be applied to other areas of activity facing the same difficulty.     

区域内集装箱港口合作竞争的博奕分析

介绍了合作竞争理念，并将它引入区域内集装箱港口的竞争中。运用博弈论的方法，从理论的角度分析它们之间合作竞争的可能性，最后结合模型，指出了区域内集装箱港口合作竞争的实现形式。     

区域内集装箱港口合作竞争的博弈分析

介绍了合作竞争理念,并将它引入区域内集装箱港口的竞争中。运用博弈论的方法,从理论的角度分析它们之间合作竞争的可能性,最后结合模型,指出了区域内集装箱港口合作竞争的实现形式。     

我国港口发展模式探讨

在国家政策引导下,港口的发展模式由单一型变为多元化。介绍了我国目前港口发展的4种模式。对每种发展模式进行分析,且与其它模式进行比较。最后得出结论,港港联盟可以真正做到利润共享,风险共担,是新形势下港口发展的方向和战略选择。     

绿色低碳港口评价指标体系研究与应用

结合我国港口实际,探讨分析了绿色低碳港口的内涵和主要特征,研究构建了一套基于综合性指标、系统性指标、管理性指标、特色性指标等4大类指标的绿色低碳港口评价指标体系,并提出了相应测评方法及标准。以广州港为案例,分别对2013年发展现状水平和2016年、2020年规划水平开展了实证评价,验证了指标体系的科学有效性。     

集装箱港区土地集约利用

针对集装箱港区陆域土地集约化利用问题,结合行业规范、相关规划布置理论,采用数值计算、估算、统计相结合的方法,提出了一种用于港区陆域面积估算的公式。选取国内部分港区进行验证,基于假设的计算结果与实际用地面积相比偏差在-19. 63%～24. 08%,其中总偏差在15%、10%、5%以内的数量分别占样本总数量的80%、71%和43%,验证了公式的有效性。基于公式参数讨论和典型港区共性因素分析,认为港区陆域土地集约利用可采取以下措施:提高设备覆盖率,提高水-水中转比例,布置自动化堆场,采用新一代信息技术提高货物周转速度,布置集约化辅助生产设施,优化道路系统减少道路面积占比等。