铁路工程勘察设计项目绩效评价方法研究

本文对铁路工程勘察设计项目管理绩效评价方法进行了研究,分析了铁路工程勘察设计项目管理绩效评价的内涵和特征,提出了构建绩效评价体系的原则。论文基于卓越绩效评价准则,构建了铁路工程勘察设计项目管理绩效评价指标体系,并对各项指标的含义及相互之间的关系进行了分析和阐述。本文的研究成果对铁路工程勘察设计管理相关工作具有一定借鉴意义。     

公路工程项目进度管理探讨

对公路工程项目进度管理进行分析,阐述了业主、承包商、监理工程师在进行组织进度管理时的职责和权利,怎样使得资源配置最优,并对公路工程项目管理提出一些建议。     

长输油气管道的完整性管理

文中对管道完整性管理的背景、理念和原则、管理的标准体系、管理方法,以及新建管道完整性和站场完整性管理等进行了阐述,介绍了国内长输管道完整性的主要成果和做法,总结了长输管道完整性管理具备的一般特征.     

道路客运安全政策研究

本文针对道路客运安全事故多发存在的安全管理问题及原因,在政策法规、管理机制、经营许可及市场监管等方面进行了剖析;对中美两国道路客运安全管理的法规制度进行了分析比较,根据我国道路客运发展现状和安全管理存在的关键问题,借鉴美国的管理经验,提出了创新道路客运安全管理的政策建议。     

基于合同管理信息系统的港口企业集权方案

本文对港口企业传统的合同管理方式进行了分析,指出了传统合同管理方式在公司集权和合同执行监控方面的不足。在结合广州港集团合同管理信息化实例的基础上,提出了新的合同管理方式,构建了基于新的管理方式的合同管理信息系统。     

公路隧道施工地质工作管理探讨

作者通过大量工程调研,对目前公路隧道工程地质工作的现状和存在的问题进行了深入的分析,着重探讨了如何加强对隧道地质工作的管理,并对一些关键问题和环节提出了具体管理方法和建议。     

四维时空下管道完整性数据管理

对管道进行四维管理是完整性管理的一种发展趋势。文中研究了四维时空(三维空间和时间维度)下管道的完整性数据管理,建立管道完整性数据四维管理模型,并对其进行综合分析评价:对管道腐蚀速率预测模型及管道裂纹疲劳寿命进行研究;对基于风险的检测进行了研究,提出RBI的管理流程;利用管道应力应变变化对管道地质灾害进行监测预警。将管道完整性数据进行四维管理,可显著提高管道大数据的利用效果,提升完整性管理水平,保障管道安全、可靠、高效运行。     

基于预控管理理念的公路施工管理措施探讨

当前公路交通已经成为我国运输行业的一个重要支柱,为了满足车辆行驶速度及运输要求,需要保证公路路面的平整度和承载力。预控管理理念作为一种新兴的管理理念,是通过提前对施工质量进行控制的方法来达到质量控制的目的,能有效地降低施工质量通病的发生率,节省施工成本。因此,以公路建设为基础,对预控管理的概念进行了介绍,并对公路施工管理措施进行了探讨,为同类工程提供了参考借鉴。     

法国交通运输管理体制的特点及启示

本文针对法国交通运输管理体制和机构设置以及各种运输方式的管理等进行了详细介绍,并对该国交通行政管理体制的特点进行分析总结,得出对我国交通行政管理体制改革的几点启示。     

基于交通数据中心的资源目录体系研究与应用

信息资源目录是管理和组织信息资源的有效方式,以元数据为基础对信息资源进行分级分类和格式标准化,进而实现对信息资源的查询、控制和管理。结合交通行业数据中心实际,从构建信息资源目录的角度,描述了交通行业信息资源的分类、数据管控体系的思路。同时,对元数据生成、编目等资源目录关键技术进行了阐述,对构建基于数据中心的资源目录服务系统进行了实例应用。     

A virtual environment for the formulation of policy packages

The interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems and availability of a wide variety of policy measures to address policy problems make the process of policy formulation difficult. In order to formulate sustainable and efficient transport policies, development of new tools and techniques is necessary. One of the approaches gaining ground is policy packaging, which shifts focus from implementation of individual policy measures to implementation of combinations of measures with the aim of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policy interventions by increasing synergies and reducing potential contradictions among policy measures. In this paper, we describe the development of a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages. By developing systematic approaches it is possible to examine more alternatives at a greater depth, decrease the time required for the overall analysis, provide real-time assessment and feedback on the effect of changes in the configurations, and ultimately form more effective policies. The results from this research demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policy packages. This new approach has been applied to the formulation of policies to advance sustainable transportation.     

The reciprocal relationship between policy debate and media coverage: The case of road pricing policy in the Netherlands

This study examined the changes in the media coverage of two road pricing schemes proposed in the Netherlands in the period 1998–2010, as well as the link between the media coverage and the policy debate. Both pricing proposals were debated for several years and neither was introduced. Our findings show that space allocation for type of overall tone (e.g. negative or positive towards a pricing proposal) and the range of issues and policy actors in the media coverage were very different for the two proposals, and for each proposal fluctuated greatly over time. Our analysis suggests that such a variation in the media coverage was a reflection of changes in the content of the policy debate (e.g. caused by the specific design features of pricing proposal under discussion, the different policy actors engaged in the debate and their messages about the proposal). This indicates that policymakers can influence the media coverage of road pricing policies to some extent by managing the policy debate. Our findings also show not only that changes in the content of the policy debate were reflected in the media coverage, but also that the media coverage influenced the policy debate: the statements or actions of policy actors received media coverage, which then in turn stimulated the policy debate. However, the influence of media on the policy debate was rather indirect, in that policy actors mostly reacted to the messages from other policy actors reported in the media and to a lesser extent to the media coverage itself.     

Addressing transport policy challenges through Policy-Packaging

Policy packaging is not a new concept and hardly anyone would dispute the merit of strategically considering and deploying several policy measures in combination to address transport policy issues. Yet the concept of policy packaging remains largely vague, and how to ‘package’ policies is not really considered or suggested. Policy packaging in most cases remains just a term. The Optimal Policies for Transport in Combination (OPTIC) project aimed to start advancing state-of-the-art in the design of policy packages. The project objective was to turn policy packaging into a well-established approach to policy making, with solid theoretical and methodological foundations that can also be practically applied in the field. This editorial to the special issue on Policy Packaging serves to first define and explain the main principles of policy packaging and the goals it strives to achieve: increasing effectiveness, implementability and thus efficiency. It then describes the main contribution of each of the papers in the special issue to research and practice of policy packaging and it outlines some avenues for further research. The paper concludes by setting a few criteria to distinguish a policy package from a ‘list’ of policies and by arguing that only through case studies and application in practice that state-of-the-art policy packaging can be really advanced.     

The origin of California’s zero emission vehicle mandate

The California Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) rule, adopted in 1990, is arguably one of the most daring and controversial air quality policies ever adopted. Some consider it a policy failure, while others credit it with launching a revolution in clean automotive technology. This paper is the first systematic empirical study of the policy process that resulted in the adoption of the ZEV mandate. We draw upon theoretical frameworks of the policy process, empirical data from public documents, and personal interviews with key stakeholders, to explain how a confluence of technology, policy, and political circumstances created a window of opportunity that led to the adoption of this policy. We expect the conclusions of our analysis to be useful to other policy debates that involve technological innovation.     

Urban parking policy in Europe: A conceptualization of past and possible future trends

In the last two decades parking has increasingly gained importance in urban planning. Despite the growing number of papers published in recent years, an overall conceptualization of parking policy is still missing. Previous attempts (Shoup, 2005; Litman, 2006; Barter, 2010) focus mainly on the North American planning experience. We try to bridge this gap analysing the evolution of parking policy in Europe. In this paper we first present the key aspects of parking policy, and describe their generic evolution. Next we suggest a novel approach for parking policy making. We conclude by discussing some of the major challenges policy makers will face in the near future regarding parking in urban areas.     

Does emission control area policy reduce sulfur dioxides concentration in Shanghai?

As an important measure to abate ship-source air emissions, the establishment of Emission Control Area (ECA) has been adopted not only at international level, but also at national and regional level. However, there exists a research gap of employing econometric models to enrich the ECA policy evaluation research by testing the effectiveness of an ECA policy based on the empirical data. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of the ECA policy in shanghai port by adopting regression discontinuity (RD) approach. The RD design is considered as a wonderful substitution for the randomized control trial, which usually serves as a conventional and effective tool to address endogeneity. The causal effect of the ECA policy on the SO₂ concentration reduction can be detected by the RD approach. According to the estimated results, there is a discontinuity around the ECA policy cutoff point, and it is indicated that the SO₂ concentration in Shanghai decreased by at least 0.229 μg/m³ daily on average due to the implementation of the ECA policy. The positive role that the ECA policy plays in reducing SO₂ concentration in Shanghai is well demonstrated. This paper also puts forward an agenda for the future studies in the domain of the ECA policy evaluation.     

Integrated analysis of land-use and transport policy interventions

Analysing the impact of urban policy interventions on urban growth, land use and transport (LUT) is crucial for urban planners, transport planners and policy-makers, especially in rapidly growing cities. This paper presents a cellular automata-based land-use/transport interaction model – Metronamica-LUTI – for Jeddah that is used to analyse the impact of different proposed policy interventions under two urban growth scenarios for the period 2011–2031. Used as an integrated policy impact assessment tool, the model demonstrates a strong reciprocal relationship between LUT in Jeddah. This study shows that relevant spatial information and integrated policy impact assessment can provide rich insights into the interaction between LUT, the appropriate policy to consider in place and time which traditional planning practice and typical static urban models cannot do.     

Transport policy for London in 2001 The case for an integrated approach

The paper reports the results of a series of studies conducted to enable the London Planning Advisory Committee to provide advice on strategic transport policy for London. The analytical approach combined the use of an area-based, multi-modal strategic model (LAM) and professional judgment. The performance of LAM as a basis for providing rapid advice on complex issues in transport policy is assessed.The resulting policy advice advocated a coherent approach, involving new infrastructure, particularly for rail; improved management of the road and public transport networks; the use of subsidy to enhance public transport service levels; and road user charges to reduce the impact of private vehicles on congestion and the environment. Road user charges emerged as the pivotal issue in the policy; the paper discusses their role, and the questions which still need to be resolved before they can be implemented.The main message of the study is that no one element of transport policy can tackle London's problems alone; an integrated policy in which infrastructure provision, management and pricing are used to complement one another is shown to be far more effective.     

Providing transport for social inclusion within a framework for environmental justice in the UK

This paper examines emerging trends in transport policy in the UK, as identified by the 2004 Transport White Paper and the supporting policy guidance to local transport authorities for addressing social exclusion through local transport provision; accessibility planning. It moves on to identify potential barriers to delivery at the local level and more fundamental challenges, risks and policy tensions. In this context, it critiques UK policies to deliver social equity through transport programmes in light of its Climate Change Agenda and the identified need to significantly reduce traffic levels on UK roads.It identifies the potential synergy between these two policy ambitions, but argues that currently there is a serious policy conflict between these agendas within the UK policy framework. In the light of this conclusion, it offers some key recommendations on the best way forward, which it recommends must be based on the synergistic and integrated delivery of policies for social and environmental equity within the transport sector. It concludes by identifying the key challenges this implies for applied research in this area.     

Transport policy scenario-building

Long-term planning decisions must be as robust as possible to withstand such changes in the policy-making environment. This calls for a new approach for identifying how policies might fare under different types of conditions and for identifying robust no-regrets strategies. This paper outlines a systematic and logical framework for the development of policy scenarios and shows how scenarios can be used in the analysis of future policy options. The article discusses how scenario analysis can be used to identify, anticipate and assess policy options for the future in an environment of uncertainty, mainly using examples of transport policy in Europe.