Large-amplitude motion responses of a Ro–Ro ship to regular oblique waves in intact and damaged conditions

This article presents a nonlinear time-domain simulation method for the prediction of large-amplitude motions of a Ro–Ro ship in regular oblique waves in an intact and a damaged condition. Numerical computations and model tests have been carried out to investigate the dynamic motion responses of Ro–Ro ship Dextra to various wave amplitudes at three different wave headings. The results of numerical and experimental investigations for stern quartering waves are reviewed. Comparisons between predictions and measurements show good agreement except in the roll-resonant region. Nonlinear effects are significant in horizontal modes of motion, and resonant roll motion, and there is strong coupling between all modes of motion in the roll-resonant region for large-amplitude responses. On the other hand, the time-domain simulation technique suffers from numerical drift in horizontal modes of motion as wave amplitude increases. This is due to nonlinear equations of motion and the lack of a restoring force and moment in horizontal motion. Received: April 30, 2002 / Accepted: August 9, 2002 Acknowledgments. II Programme of the European Community Commission under contract No. BRPR-CT97-0513. Address correspondence to: H.S. Chan (hoi-sang.chan@ncl.ac.uk)     

CFD技术在船舶规则波波浪力模型分析中的应用

随着造船技术的不断发展,船舶的外型与结构越来越复杂,对航行速度与流体力学性能有了更高的要求。规则波是船舶在海上航行最常遇到的波浪环境,为了提高船舶在规则波下的流体力学性能,减小船舶航行过程的阻力,提高船舶的操纵性能,本文结合计算流体力学CFD和流体力学仿真软件Fluent,对船舶在规则波下的波浪力进行了建模与仿真,具有重要的实际应用价值。     

多功能支持船波浪载荷研究

波浪载荷研究是船舶性能预报和结构安全评估的关键内容。文中利用势流理论直接数值求解多功能支持船遭受的波浪载荷(包括一阶波频力和二阶漂移力),利用统计方法得到波浪载荷的长期预报和短期预报极值,包括波浪总纵弯矩和垂向波浪剪力以用于后续的船舶整体结构安全评估,以及纵向漂移力、横向漂移力和首摇漂移力矩用于船舶的动力定位能力分析中。研究结果表明:求解波浪载荷的势流理论方法精确,能为后续的船舶性能预报和结构安全评估提供可靠的载荷输入。     

内河船舶波浪载荷研究

利用内河波浪散布图和修订波浪谱对内河系列船舶进行了波浪载荷的计算预报,首次分析了内河船舶波浪载荷的规律和特点,并与俄罗斯内河登记局(RRR)和法国-德国船级社(B-G)的内河规范载荷对应的等效模数要求进行了比较分析。结合实船测试结果表明：波浪载荷变化规律与国外同类规范一致,预报波浪载荷水平与测试结果及国外同类规范要求相当。内河船舶波浪载荷预报应考虑航速和水深的影响,载荷预报结果可以作为制定内河波浪载荷公式的基础。     

浅谈滚装客船风浪中大角度避碰

滚装客船易受风浪影响,大角度避让会产生更大的横倾,导致汽车倾翻、失火、沉船等事故。根据《国际海上避碰规则》的要求,结合本类船舶的特点,值班驾驶员应及早地小舵角避让,确保安全航行。     

斜向和多向不规则波作用于直墙堤上的波浪荷载

基于三维波浪物理模型实验研究的结果,参照国内外已有的研究成果,探讨了波浪斜向性和多向性对不规则波作用于直墙堤上波浪荷载的影响,表明波浪是否在堤前破碎其影响波浪荷载的规律是不同的.建议了斜向和多向不规则波作用于直墙堤上波浪荷栽的实用计算方法.     

船舶在规则纵浪中的混沌运动

Parametric resonance can lead to dangerously large rolling motions, endangering the ship, cargo and crew. The QR-factorization method for calculating (LCEs) Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents was introduced; parametric resonance stability of ships in longitudinal waves was then analyzed using LCEs. Then the safe and unsafe regions of target ships were then identified. The results showed that this method can be used to analyze ship stability and to accurately identify safe and unsafe operating conditions for a ship in longitudinal waves.     

基于设计波法的船体波浪载荷计算

本文对设计波法的原理进行说明,对比不同规范在载荷控制参数选取上的区别。依据ABS规范规定的载荷控制参数,采用确定性方法和随机性方法对船体波浪载荷进行计算。对比分析2种方法的设计波参数和最大载荷结果可知,在波浪载荷计算上,确定性方法偏于保守,而随机性方法由于考虑了海浪的随机性和不规则性更加科学合理。计算结果可为同类船体波浪载荷计算提供参考。     

特定航线江海通航船波浪载荷研究

为了能对江海通航船型的结构强度进行合理评估,根据载荷第一原则,按特定航线所在的E1海区的波浪统计资料,对该海区船舶的波浪载荷进行了系统研究,并给出了航行于该海区江海通航船的波浪附加弯矩、波浪附加剪力、波浪水平弯矩及波浪扭矩的长期预报值.本文的研究结果已纳入中国船级社《特定航线江海通航船检验指南》中,对特定航线江海通航船的发展起到了积极的推进作用.     

A unified seakeeping and maneuvering analysis of ships in regular waves

The behavior of a ship in regular waves during maneuvering was studied by using a two-time scale model. The maneuvering analysis was based on Söding’s (Schiffstechnik 1982; 29:3–29) nonlinear slender-body theory generalized to account for heel. Forces and moments due to rudder, propeller, and viscous cross-flow follow from the state-of-the-art procedures. The developed unified theory of seakeeping and maneuvering was verified and validated for calm water by comparing it with experimental and calculated zigzag and circle maneuvers. Linear wave-induced motions and loads were determined by generalizing the Salvesen-Tuck-Faltinsen (Trans SNAME 1970; 78:250–287) strip theory. The mean second-order wave loads in incident regular deep water waves in oblique sea conditions were estimated by the potential flow theories of Faltinsen et al. (Proc 13th Symp Naval Hydrody 1980), Salvesen (Proc Intl Symp Dynam Mar Vehicl Struct Wave 1974), and Loukakis and Sclavounos (J Ship Res 1978; 22:1–19). The considered theories cover the whole range of important wavelengths. Comparisons between the different mean second-order wave load theories and available experimental data were carried out for different ship hull forms when the ship was advancing forward on a straight course. The mentioned methods have been incorporated into the maneuvering model. Their applicability from the perspective of the maneuvering ability of the selected types of ships was investigated in given wave environments. The wave conditions are valid for realistic maneuvering cases in open coastal areas. It was demonstrated that the incident waves may have an important influence on the maneuvering behavior of a ship. The added resistance, mean second-order transverse force, and yaw moment also play important roles.     

斜向波浪对斜坡堤胸墙作用力的试验研究

斜坡堤胸墙的稳定性主要受到波浪作用的影响,而且实际工程中斜坡堤多受斜向波浪作用。通过斜向与正向不规则波对斜坡堤胸墙作用的物理模型试验研究,分析斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数随水位和波浪入射角度的变化规律,并与斜向波浪对单元直立堤的作用情况进行对比。结果表明:斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数总体上随着水位的降低而变小,随着波浪入射角度的减小而变小;斜向波浪总浮托力的折减系数一般小于总水平力的折减系数;在不同水位和波浪入射角下,斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数与单元直立堤有一定差别。     

小方型系数船舶的船体波浪载荷综合研究

从船级社规范对于不符合主尺度比要求的船舶船体梁波浪载荷的规定出发,采用理论预报和船模试验2种综合方式,进行了小于0.6方型系数、高航速、高海况目标船的波浪载荷研究。从规范对波浪载荷的线性理论预报值进行的非线性修正,修正后中拱和中垂波浪弯矩绝对值之和与线性理论预报极值全幅值相等出发,阐述所研究船特殊主尺度比下的模型试验结果、三维非线性水弹性理论预报结果显示出的波浪载荷非线性行为;同时综合模型试验与理论预报的共同规律,研究不同波高、航速、浪向等非常规船型船体波浪载荷的强非线性行为,从而认为规范基于的线性理论预报值进行非线性修正的统一规定太过笼统,进而建议规范对波浪载荷的非线性修正予以进一步的明确区分和规定。     

小方型系数船舶的船体波浪载荷综合研究

从船级社规范对于不符合主尺度比要求的船舶船体梁波浪载荷的规定出发,采用理论预报和船模试验2种综合方式,进行了小于0.6方型系数、高航速、高海况目标船的波浪载荷研究.从规范对波浪载荷的线性理论预报值进行的非线性修正,修正后中拱和中垂波浪弯矩绝对值之和与线性理论预报极值全幅值相等出发,阐述所研究船特殊主尺度比下的模型试验结果、三维非线性水弹性理论预报结果显示出的波浪载荷非线性行为;同时综合模型试验与理论预报的共同规律,研究不同波高、航速、浪向等非常规船型船体波浪载荷的强非线性行为,从而认为规范基于的线性理论预报值进行非线性修正的统一规定太过笼统,进而建议规范对波浪载荷的非线性修正予以进一步的明确区分和规定.     

Influence of varying restoring moment curve on parametric roll motion of ships in regular longitudinal waves

This paper examines the influence of stability characteristics on roll motion in the main parametric resonance region. For this purpose, parametrically exited roll motion was modeled as a single degree of freedom system considering heave and pitch effects by means of time varying restoring moment. In addition, restoring moment variations in waves with respect to time and instantaneous roll angle was modeled analytically using the restoring moment curves for the wave crest and wave trough conditions. Roll responses were evaluated in frequency domain by solving the model with an averaging method. Notable correlation between the stability of roll responses and moment curves were observed. The results revealed that, the ratio of metacentric height (GM)between the wave trough and wave crest affects the stability of the trivial solution. Furthermore, the shape of the restoring moment curves in wave trough and wave crest conditions affects the stability of the non-trivial solution or, in other words, the pitchfork bifurcations.     

高速双体船斜浪中运动响应及连接桥波浪载荷预报

应用二维时域格林函数法对二维半定解问题进行了求解,应用发展的二维半理论和程序对WP60高速穿浪双体船在斜浪中的垂荡、纵摇、横摇和垂向加速度等运动响应及连接桥结构的波浪载荷进行预报,并把理论计算结果与模型试验结果及其它程序计算结果比较分析,初步验证了文中方法和程序在预报高速双体船运动及载荷性能中的适用性.     

真实海况下船舶水弹性响应及砰击载荷的大尺度模型试验研究

现有的船舶波浪载荷模型试验大多是在水池环境中开展的,然而受水池尺度、造波能力、模型航行范围以及尺度效应等方面的影响或限制,水池模型试验并不能完全真实地反映出实船海上航行时的水动力学性能.事实上,真实海浪具有非线性强、随机性强、方向分布广等特征,因此研究船舶在真实海浪短峰波中的水动力学性能对于指导实船设计研发具有重要的指导意义.实际海浪环境中,舰船大尺度模型试验是一种新型试验技术,综合了水池模型试验和实船海试的部分共同优势.本文提出了大尺度模型波浪载荷与砰击载荷试验技术,建立了一套稳定可靠的大尺度模型海上试验测试系统,并提出了恶劣海况下大尺度模型耐波性及波浪载荷试验实施方案,进而基于大尺度模型试验数据分析了船舶在真实恶劣海况下的运动与载荷响应及砰击载荷特性.     

Numerical and experimental analysis of bow flare slamming on a Ro–Ro vessel in regular oblique waves

A method for the prediction of slamming loads on ship hulls is presented and validated for a 20-knot, 120-m car carrier. A nonlinear strip theory is used to calculate the relative motions of ship and wave. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event are given as input to the slamming calculation program, which is based on a generalized two-dimensional Wagner formulation and solved by the boundary element method. The method is fast and robust. Model tests of a car carrier have been carried out in regular head, bow, and bow quartering waves of various heights. Slamming on two panels in the upper part of the bow flare has been studied. It has been found that the water pile-up around the bow due to the forward speed of the vessel significantly increases the slamming pressures. A simplified way of including this effect is presented. When the calculated slamming pressures are corrected for 3D effects, they compare well with the measured data. Since the effect of the wave elevation due to the forward speed and the effect of three-dimensional flow act in opposite directions, excluding both of them produced results that also agreed quite well with the experiments, especially for the most severe slamming events.     

Wave loads on ships sailing in restricted water depth

The effect of shallow water on the vertical wave-induced loads acting on the hull is studied by a modified linear frequency domain deep water strip theory. A more general form is applied for the diffraction force and the incident wave. The trends in motion and load responses with water depth are discussed for two particular ships.     

规则波中船舶波浪增阻理论和经验法预报分析与比较

针对规则波中迎浪下有航速集装箱船船型阻力增加预报,采用一种改进的三维移动脉动源面元法求解船舶运动,进而通过理论方法求解辐射和绕射增阻.速度势求解引入了格林函数空间线段积分和面元积分方法,辐射增阻采用三维辐射能量法计算,绕射增阻通过二阶波浪力中绕射速度势获得.通过与试验数据对比证明了该理论预报模型在精度和效率方面有明显优势.在此预报结果基础上对经验预报模型提出了改进公式,计算结果表明了改进模型对工程设计具有较好的适用性.