海洋观测平台在波浪中运动响应的数值模拟(英文)

Offshore observation platforms are required to have great ability to resist waves when they are operating at sea. Investigation on the motion characteristics of the platforms in the sea can provide significant reference values during the platform design procedure. In this paper, a series of numerical simulation on the interaction of a triple-hulled offshore observation platform with different incident waves is carried out. All of the simulations are implemented utilizing our own solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, which is based and developed on the open source tools of OpenFOAM. Duration curves of motion characteristics and loads acting on the platform are obtained, and a comparison between the results of the amplitude in different incident waves is presented. The results show that the solver is competent in the simulation of motion response of platforms in waves.     

往复流不同入射角条件下跨海大桥桥墩局部冲刷研究

文章以港珠澳跨海大桥工程为依托,采用理论计算和模型试验的手段进行研究,在公式得到验证的基础上,针对往复流不同入射角条件下桥墩局部冲刷深度问题进行探讨。结果表明:潮汐往复流条件下,桥墩上下游均出现局部冲刷,且上游冲刷深度大于下游;当桥墩迎流面与往复流流向基本垂直时,桥墩局部冲刷深度理论计算值略大于模型试验值,误差均在10%以内;在顺流面长度大于迎流面宽度的矩形桩墩墩型条件不变时,桥墩局部冲刷深度随往复流来流入射角的增大以变速率增大,且当入射角大于一定值时,桥墩冲刷深度趋于稳定。     

Wave loads on ships sailing in restricted water depth

The effect of shallow water on the vertical wave-induced loads acting on the hull is studied by a modified linear frequency domain deep water strip theory. A more general form is applied for the diffraction force and the incident wave. The trends in motion and load responses with water depth are discussed for two particular ships.     

船体在波浪中的非线性水动压力

本文提出了一个预报船体在波浪中大幅运动时非线性水动压力场的二维时域理论。船体扰动势用时域自由面格林函数和在入射波下的瞬时湿表面上的分布源求解;与非线性水动压力场相匹配的船体运动用差分法求得。为提高计算效率和避免数值过程发散,采用了改进的数值模型和方案。通过线性理论计算与模型试验结果的比较,指出了线性切片理论在预报水动压力场时的不足,水动压力与波高的非线性关系及正负水动压力沿船体表面的分布在Wigley船的计算比较中得到了说明。初步计算表明,该理论的实用化发展前景是令有鼓舞的。相应的计算机程序可在PC机上运行。     

复杂地形下平台水弹性响应研究

在以往的研究中,波浪对浮体的水动力响应作用大多采用有限均匀水深或无限水深情况进行计算,考虑实际复杂地形对浮体性能影响的研究较少,但事实上地形的变化对浮体影响不可忽略,尤其岛礁附近区域珊瑚礁地形复杂,需要考虑地形对波浪场的影响。文章先从简单情况入手,入射波浪采用有限水深均匀入射波,使用有限水深格林函数求解源强,但加入了地形对浮体波浪绕射和辐射的影响。基于这些假定,验证了该方法计算结果的准确性,进而对某浮式平台在复杂地形下的水动力进行计算,并与均匀有限水深的结果进行比较,两者总体趋势吻合。结果表明,地形的存在对低频区运动响应影响较大,相比均匀水深波动较大。该文可以为浮体在实际地形下水动力响应计算研究工作的开展提供一个参考。     

Experimental study of freak wave impacts on a tension-leg platform

This study investigates the freak wave impinging on a tension-leg platform through wave flume experiments. The freak waves are generated using the focused wave theory. By adjusting the wave focusing location, different incident wave scenarios at the structure location are produced. Simultaneous measurements of wave shape evolutions upon impingement, wave impact pressures on the platform deck, platform motions and tether forces are carried out for synchronized analyses of the wave kinematics/dynamics and structural responses. The variation of these parameters with the incident wave profile is studied. It is found that although applying less intensive local impact pressures as compared to the highly-breaking freak wave, the slightly-breaking or non-breaking freak wave imposes the same level of adverse effect on the platform's global stability in terms of motions and tether forces. In addition, the high-crest freak wave causes violent motions of the floating platform, which are likely to induce snap loads of large amplitude and high occurrence frequency in tethers. The published results would provide useful benchmarks for validating numerical and analytical models.     

Oblique wave trapping by vertical permeable membrane barriers located near a wall

The effectiveness of a vertical partial flexible porous membrane wave barrier located near a rigid vertical impermeable seawall for trapping obliquely incident surface gravity waves are analyzed in water of uniform depth under the assumption of linear water wave theory and small amplitude membrane barrier response. From the general formulation of the submerged membrane barrier, results for bottom-standing and surface-piercing barriers are computed and analyzed in special cases. Using the eigenfunction expansion method, the boundary-value problems are converted into series relations and then the required unknowns are obtained using the least squares approximation method. Various physical quantities of interests like reflection coefficient, wave energy dissipation, wave forces acting on the membrane barrier and the seawall are computed and analyzed for different values of the wave and structural parameters. The study will be useful in the design of the membrane wave barrier for the creation of tranquility zone in the lee side of the barrier to protect the seawall.     

近岛礁地形影响下的浮式平台运动响应

近岛礁附近的地形一般呈现高低不平的状态,水深从几十米到几米不等。远场波浪向近岸传递过来时在礁盘上会经过复杂的演化,使得浮体附近的波浪呈现一定的非均匀性,不同于常规的长峰规则波,同时礁盘的起伏变化会对波浪中的浮体的运动产生影响,最终使得浮体在复杂地形下的水动力运动响应不同于一般均一水深下的浮体响应。该文通过建立浮体和礁盘地形的耦合水动力模型,计算了礁盘对浮体入射波力、绕射力、辐射水动力系数以及运动的影响,同时与水池模型试验对比了浮体运动,两者较为一致。研究表明复杂地形对浮体的水动力运动存在较大的影响,在某些周期附近会增大浮体的运动响应,因此需要理性考虑复杂地形对浮体的影响。     

防波堤堤后次生波的试验研究

在小比尺的大范围整体物理模型试验及数值模拟中,由于模型本身存在底摩阻、比尺效应及计算软件等影响因素,测量所得堤后次生波波高精度较低。因此通过采用大比尺波浪断面物理模型试验,选取不同入射波要素和堤顶淹没水深,研究次生波的基本特性,得到入射波高与次生波的关系;同时利用局部整体模型,分析得出波浪对防波堤不同角度入射时,角度与堤后次生波的关系。试验结果可为大范围整体物理模型试验提供校验依据,也可为数值模拟防波堤堤顶越浪,进行参数调整提供必要的依据。     

二维物体上的二阶波浪力

近年来,作用于固定式或浮式海洋结构物上的非线性波浪力正在引起广泛的注意。本文处理了规则波对固定的二维物体的二阶非线性影响,协调地求得了二阶绕射势,并进而得到了二阶定常波浪力和二阶倍频波浪力。 借助于切片理论,此方法和结果似也可用来预估船舶或某些半潜平台的二阶波浪作用力和二阶运动。     

作业水深对浮式半潜平台波浪砰击的影响

结合模型试验,基于数值重构和外推的计算模型,采用时域全耦合分析方法,对浮式半潜平台全尺寸锚泊系统以及风、浪、流载荷的联合作用进行模拟,针对动力辅助锚泊定位平台与锚泊定位平台在不同作业水深下的波浪砰击进行对比研究。研究结果表明：浮式半潜平台关注点处波浪砰击次数受作业水深的影响敏感。平台在同等环境工况下,关注点处负气隙以及波浪砰击次数随着作业水深的增加而加剧。动力辅助锚泊定位平台较之于锚泊定位平台的随动性更好,可有效减小平台与水质点的相对运动,作业水深变化引起的动力辅助锚泊定位平台同一关注点的砰击次数、气隙变化以及改善幅值明显优于锚泊定位平台。在平台设计过程中,作业水深对平台气隙和波浪砰击的影响应引起重视。     

深水半潜式钻井平台纤维材料系泊方案研究

针对一个工作于墨西哥湾海域1500m水深的半潜式钻井平台,选择polyester PET,polyester PEN和HMPE三种合成纤维材料及不同轴向刚度进行系泊方案设计,考虑系泊线的非线性动态特性和平台与系泊线之间的相互影响,在时域内进行耦合计算分析.并与传统的锚链钢缆组合的悬链线式系泊方式进行比较,发现悬链线方式很难保证平台的活动半径在要求范围之内,而由新型纤维材料组成的张紧式系泊方式则能达到良好的定位效果.经进一步对三种材料系泊系统对平台运动和系泊线受力以及经济性的比较,确定polyester PET最满足此半潜式钻井平台的安全作业要求.     

干舷高度影响筒型基础平台拖航试验研究

文章以某筒型基础平台为研究对象,在拖航速度、筒的位置以及波浪条件一定的前提下,通过模型试验测定筒型基础平台在不同干舷高度下顺浪和逆浪拖航时在横荡、纵荡和垂荡方向上的加速度、筒内气压力和筒底水压力以及拖航中的拖缆力,通过对试验数据进行整理分析,研究不同干舷高度下筒型基础拖航的受力机理。试验结果表明,在拖航中,干舷高度的取值高于系缆点的位置和低于平台入水的自然干舷,并且必须保证有一定的水塞高度来防止筒型基础漏气引起的倾覆。对于该平台,取干舷高度为1.0m进行拖航是安全的。     

海洋平台火炬塔筒体结构应力分析

针对海洋平台火炬塔筒体结构强度设计问题,采用Ansys软件的静力学模块对单个火炬塔筒体和3个火炬塔筒体进行静力分析,得到不同工况条件下的结构应力值和变形位移值。结果表明,单个火炬塔筒体可承受的最大压力载荷大于3个火炬塔筒体可承受的最大压力载荷。火炬塔筒体的分析方法和结果对后续石油化工废气处理装置的设计和安装具有一定的指导意义。     

不同因素对潜堤波浪传播的影响

针对波浪穿过梯形潜堤时的波浪形态沿程变化问题,以梯形潜堤为研究对象,通过二维水槽试验,研究梯形潜堤上规则波的传播特征。以比波高为参数分析不同波浪要素(波高、周期和水深等)对波浪传播变形的影响。试验结果表明,其他条件不变时,入射波高越大、波浪周期越小、堤顶淹没水深越小时,波高在潜堤上方衰减越明显。在有足够水深,且波高较小时,波浪对潜堤均有良好的穿透性;波高较大时,波浪在潜堤上部发生破碎,波浪穿过潜堤后波高衰减,此时潜堤的消波作用明显;在波浪不发生破碎情况下,较长周期波浪在潜堤顶部比波高增大,且出现双峰值。     

水面舰船波浪弯矩计算方法研究

我国现行《舰船通用规范》适用于设计水线长不超过160m的水面舰船,当设计水线长在160～200m时,规范规定参照执行。随着舰船的尺度逐渐加大,波浪载荷的计算问题更加复杂。比较了4种规范的波浪载荷计算公式,并应用线性切片理论,采用短期和长期预报的方法,计算大尺度舰船的垂向波浪诱导弯矩值。因此,对于一定范围内的大尺度水面舰船,采用"通用规范"所得波浪载荷值计算船体强度还有一定安全性,并可运用多种计算方法合理选取波浪弯矩值。     

Acoustic excitation of hull surfaces by propeller sources

We present preliminary results from our new ship motion model that includes both strong and weak three-dimensional interactions between environmental surface waves and ship bodies in arbitrary water depth. The linear solutions of steady flow using the new model agree well with those obtained using the Green function methods. When the Froude number Fn is large, the fully nonlinear solutions of our model are significantly different from linear solutions, even in calm water. The interactions between the ship and incident gravity waves are completely different from those in linear solutions even with small Fn and moderate-amplitude surface waves (e.g., Fn = 0.25 and a significant wave height of about 1–3m).     

CFD Analysis of Ship-to-Ship Hydrodynamic Interaction

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.     

浅水中航行船舶的水动力系数

本文利用切片理论数值研究了浅水中前进船舶的水动力系数.为计及水深的影响,采用简单格林函数方法求解剖面水动力系数,提出了满足辐射条件的一种较方便的数值方法.计算了一数学船型的水动力系数,并与有关文献结果比较验证了数值方法的可行性.数值结果显示了水底效应对航行船舶水动力的影响,为进一步研究浅水航行船舶的耐波性提供了基础.     

超深水钻井立管总体性能分析

本文基于API相关规范,系统梳理了钻井立管总体性能分析的主要内容,形成了超深水钻井立管分析的总体流程,并分析了超深水钻井立管中张紧器及伸缩节等关键位置的模拟方法。在此基础上选择作业水深12000尺超深水钻井立管,在DeepC软件中建立了包括作业平台、张紧器、伸缩节及柔性节点等在内的系统模型,选择合适的海况进行立管总体性能分析,给出了钻井立管总体性能参数的分析方法和结果,为超深水钻井立管的设计和分析提供参照。