CFD Analysis of Ship-to-Ship Hydrodynamic Interaction

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.     

Dynamic behavior of scaled tubular K-joints subjected to impact loads

This paper examines the dynamic behavior of the tubular K-joints in offshore platforms by means of experimental and numerical studies. The structural response is studied through Falling Weight Impact Tester(FWIT) with three different falling heights. A non-direct similitude method is developed and applied to the scaled K-joint models. The experimental results, including final deformed shapes and impact force responses, are reported to be useful for further benchmark studies. The finite element models are then developed by commercial software LS-DYNA, where nonlinear material properties are considered based on the corresponding tensile tests. Good correspondence between the numerical and experimental results is achieved, and relevant sensitivity analyses of numerical results are carried out to verify the reliability of the numerical models. Finally, the influence of the strain-rate definition and the reliability of the similarity are discussed. In general, the impact response in the present study is significantly dependent on the definition of dynamic material characteristics. The results obtained from Cowper-Symonds model with constants derived from the dynamic tensile test yield a good estimation when compared with the experimental results. Besides, scaled models tend to obtain un-conservative prediction results, and the developed non-direct similitude method is appropriate for the application.     

船船水动力相互作用的CFD分析研究（英文）

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.     

不同时空格式在求解Boussinesq水波模型中的应用

为了解不同时间空间差分格式在常用的二阶或四阶Boussinesq模型中的应用,针对4组近似到0（旷）阶完全非线性的二阶或四阶色散性的高阶Boussinesq水波方程,在非交错网格下,利用Crank-Nicolson格式、蛙跳格式、混合四阶Adams-Bashforth-Moulton格式,建立不同的数学模型。利用这些数值模型模拟波浪在潜堤上的传播变形,通过数值结果与试验结果的比较．考察时间格式及空间格式对模型的影响。结果表明：对同一方程,混合四阶Adams-Bashforth-Mouhon格式和Crank-Nicolson格式均能取得较好模拟效果,蛙跳格式的模拟效果最差;二阶Boussinesq模型采用追赶法求解已能满足要求;对四阶Boussineq模型,二阶空间导数色散项亦采用四阶精度,其数值效果会更好。     

考古船阻力计算中湍流模型与格式研究

为了研究不同湍流模型在船舶水动力性能预报中的适用性,在求解RANS方程的数值计算方法过程中,通过采用S-A、k-Omega、SST、EASM、DES等湍流模型,对考古船的阻力进行了预报,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。由5种湍流模型的预报结果与试验值的对比得出：S-A、k-Omega模型对阻力性能的预报存在明显的缺陷;SST模型会有改进,计算误差能控制在工程应用的范围内,能够很好地应用于船模的阻力计算。     

新型爪式水泵应用于水下航行器喷水推进上的性能分析

为研究新型爪式水泵应用在水下航行器喷水推进上的性能,对该新型爪式水泵的流场特性、不同转动角度下内泄对扬程的影响等性能进行分析。建立水泵喷水推进数学模型,并进行推力模拟试验及其影响因素分析。结果表明:新型爪式水泵在角度0°时的泄漏量最低,在角度40°时的泄漏量最高,在不同尺寸间隙下,随着角度改变,泄漏量变化趋势一致,而随着间隙的增大,内泄量增多。推力随喷嘴尺寸变化的试验结果与理论模型预测值的变化趋势一致,推力与喷嘴直径呈负相关关系。随着航行器航行速度的增加,喷水速度增大,且增大的幅度会比航行器航行速度的增加量大。     

三体船分段模型波浪载荷试验研究

三体船的主体与连接桥结构的波浪载荷特性是船舶结构设计者非常关注的问题,目前对于这些载荷特性进行较为全面的模型试验研究在国内很少。该文在拖曳水池和方形水池开展了某三体船的分段模型试验,详细介绍了分段模型的设计原则,对于纵向载荷和横向载荷的测量采用不同的分段布置形式。通过对试验数据的分析及与理论计算的对比,对三体船横摇运动非线性修正方法加以改进,同时研究了该三体船的船舯横剖面和连接桥纵剖面的波浪载荷特征,得出了一些结论,为船舶结构设计提供了确定设计载荷的依据。     

空化模型在低温流体空化流动三维计算中的应用与评价

为评价不同空化模型对低温流体空化过程流场特性预测的适用性,文章通过对CFX软件的二次开发,将Kubota、Merkle和Kunz三种空化模型和液氮、液氢随温度变化的物性参数引入到CFX求解代码中,同时在求解的能量方程中添加汽化潜热影响,从而在考虑热力学效应条件下,开展了液氮绕水翼空化流动和尖顶拱在液氢中空化流动的三维数值模拟研究,并将计算结果与试验数据进行对比,实现了对不同空化模型适用性的评价。结果表明:三种空化模型计算的空化区域液相分布特性不同,空泡长度和厚度有差别;由于空化模型方程源相体现的质量传输机理不同,导致热力学效应下空化区域压强分布和温降存在差异;Kubota空化模型可有效预测液氮空化流场压强分布,Merkle模型可较好地反映空化区域温降,Kunz模型计算的结果与试验数据差别最大。     

孔腔脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的大涡模拟研究

孔腔流动中包含着流动分离和失稳以及涡旋相互干扰等复杂的流动现象。孔腔涡旋流动引起的流体振荡能够引起脉动压力的显著增加从而产生强烈的噪声,在工程实际中备受关注。湍流脉动压力是流激噪声的重要来源,也是湍流研究中的基础性问题,对其进行数值计算研究是流声耦合领域的重要内容,而湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的构建更是该领域的技术难点。文章采用大涡模拟方法(LES)对孔腔脉动压力进行了数值模拟,考察了四套网格和四种亚格子应力模型对计算结果的影响,并与试验结果进行比较,验证数值计算方法的可靠性。首先采用大涡模拟方法计算了孔腔的脉动压力,并与中国船舶科学研究中心的空泡水筒试验结果进行对比分析。接着详细地分析孔腔脉动压力,研究亚格子应力模型和网格数量对计算结果的影响。最后,对数值计算得到的脉动压力多元阵列结果进行时间/空间Fourier变换,构建了三维脉动压力波数-频率谱。该文工作对今后流激结构振动噪声的预报和流动控制研究奠定了基础。     

空化模型在非定常空化流动计算的应用评价与分析

文章基于试验观测数据评价了Kubota与Singhal两种空化模型在非定常云状空化流动数值模拟中的应用。采用商业软件的二次开发技术将两种空化模型引入了计算软件,针对绕Clark-Y水翼的云状空化流动进行数值计算,并与水洞试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,两种空化模型计算的云状空化阶段的流场时均速度分布以及涡量分布具有明显的不同。采用Singhal空化模型可以得到和试验观测更加相近的空化旋涡区与空泡云的旋涡分离的脱落形式。     

Directly coupled fluid structural model of a ship rudder behind a propeller

A computational method is presented that models fluid structural interaction problems for three-dimensional marine structures. Flow can be modelled with either potential or viscous incompressible flow. The structure deformation is modelled by a shell finite element formulation. The two fields are coupled by a domain decomposition approach that uses virtual surfaces to transfer information. A typical spade rudder has been modelled for steady-state three-dimensional problems in a free stream and in way of a propeller race. These computational models have been tested for mesh dependancy in both the fluid and structural domains as well as the virtual surface definition. The results show increased correlation to experimental data from uncoupled hydrodynamic modelling as well as detailed structural deformation. Of note is the variation in rudder stock bending moment from that utilised by classification society scantling rules.     

Roll-on/roll-off semi-trailer models: a comparison of results

A comparison is made of the various mathematical models that have been constructed, over the past 15 years, of a semi-trailer that can be carried on roll-on/roll-off ships, and some results from five of the models developed by the author are given. The purpose of this comparison is to show that even in the absence of reliable experimental evidence, there is such good agreement between the models that the results from each of them can be relied upon. Problems resulting from large lashing loads and deck loads are highlighted, and it is suggested that the present codes which govern the way semi-trailers are secured on board ship need further scrutiny. Received: January 28, 2000 / Accepted: December 6, 2000     

加筋压筋夹层板的固有频率分析

这是ISSC的BENCHMARK研究内容.首先对没有敷设层时的计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,以验证计算模型的有效性.对两种加筋压筋夹层板结构的固有频率进行了分析.对夹心层和厚表层分别采用偏心壳单元和固体单元进行了计算,并与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,对于夹心层无论厚薄,均为采用固体单元较适宜.最后对有无夹层处理的结构固有频率也进行了比较.     

渡船螺旋桨水动力性能的数值预报

采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对某渡船螺旋桨的水动力性能进行数值预报.先用DTMB P5168桨验证数值模型和方法的准确性与可信性,数值计算其推力系数、力矩系数和敞水效率.整个计算域网格划分均采用全六面体形式,分别采用三种湍流模型进行计算.计算结果与实验的比较表明,SST模型和雷诺应力模型有近乎相同的计算精度,但SST模型的计算速度更快;推力系数误差最大5.8%,力矩系数误差最大为1.7%,敞水效率误差最大为4.3%.然后,将此方法运用到渡船螺旋桨,通过对渡船螺旋桨的网格灵敏度、尺度作用以及相关的流场分析,证明该方法能实现对螺旋桨敞水粘性流场的模拟,以及其敞水性能的预报.     

Experimental and analytical investigation of fatigue characteristics of 350WT steel under constant and variable amplitude loadings

Fatigue analysis is a complex and uncertain process. Various models have been proposed; however, no universal or all-encompassing model exists.A state-of-the-art literature review of available fatigue crack propagation models, both for constant and variable amplitude loadings, was conducted to identify their advantages and limitations. Emphasis was placed on models that were simple to evaluate and required few (if any) empirical curve-fitting parameters.An experimental fatigue program was conducted, consisting of constant and semi-random (variable) amplitude cyclic loadings on 350WT steel 40J at −40°C. The fatigue models examined in the literature review were then compared to results obtained from the experiments.Findings for the constant amplitude loading (CAL) fatigue baseline data obtained experimentally for 350WT steel are reported and evaluated against the predictions by various models. Results of an experimental investigation into fatigue crack propagation (FCP) response of the steel under variable amplitude loading (VAL), consisting of CAL with random overloads (OL) is also presented. This includes a summary of theoretical models applicable to VAL fatigue crack propagation, and comparison of the experimental results to the models.     

基于修正CS模型的船用低碳钢动态力学性能研究

为了得到船用低碳钢的动态力学性能及本构关系,运用静态试验机及分离式Hopkinson压杆加载装置,在应变率为0.000 2~3 900 s-1范围内得到了准静态拉伸及动态压缩条件下的应力应变曲线,对Cowper-Symonds材料模型进行了修正,得到了两种形式的本构关系,并讨论了模型的适用性。结果表明:船用低碳钢具有明显的应变率强化效应和非线性应变硬化效应;两种动态本构关系可以描述材料在冲击荷载下的力学性能;模型在高应变率(2 000 s-1)下的使用应慎重。     

Grid convergence study in the resistance calculation of a trimaran

As a new type of hull form, trimaran has remarkable excellent performances and has drawn more and more attention. When the viscous CFD technology now available is applied to the research of resistance performance of trimaran, the spatial discretization would usually result in the grid error and uncertainty, and thus the considerable discrepancy between the numerical results and the experimental data. In order to ascertain how much the grid would affect the calculation, the grid convergence should be studied. A mathematical trimaran was chosen as an example, with the commercial code CFX for the simulation, VOF for surface treatment, and the grid study was carried out based on two different turbulence models. It was concluded that carrying out grid study is helpful in estimating the grid error and uncertainty, and indicating the direction of improving the credibility of the numerical calculation, and, in addition to grid errors and uncertainties, the turbulence modeling errors and uncertainties contribute to the simulation errors.     

高速复合水翼双体船的运动预报(英文)

基于2.5D理论,考虑粘性影响,预报了高速复合水翼双体船在规则波中的运动响应,并与试验结果进行了比较.在计算过程中,对复合水翼模型进行了简化,且计算了不同升力浮力比对运动的影响.结果反应出在计算高速双体船和水翼双体复合船型纵向运动性能时,水的粘性影响不可忽略,且计算表明计算值与试验值符合较好,文中提供的方法可提高这类高速水翼双体复合船型的运动预报精度.     

潜艇水面与水下粘性绕流数值模拟

本文采用求解RANS方程的方法结合四种湍流模型,对于带有不同附体的SUBOFF模型尾流场进行了数值模拟。数值预报的桨盘面处不同半径上的轴向无量纲速度与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明湍流模型在数值模拟中起到重要作用。潜艇水面航行性能十分重要,因而对于潜艇自由液面绕流的数值模拟备受关注。本文采用VOF方法对于两条潜艇模型在不同傅汝德数下的自由液面绕流进行了数值模拟。计算得到的阻力、波形与试验结果吻合较好。文中也探讨了潜艇自由液面绕流的一般特性。并验证了用CFD手段预报潜艇粘性流场的能力。