高速公路管理体制及市场化分析

针对国内高速公路养护管理体制的现状,借鉴国外养护管理的先进经验及体制,提出高速公路养护管理市场化是社会发展的需要和必然,并就高速公路养护市场化模式进行分析。     

关于高速公路养护施工安全管理的对策研究

随着高速公路使用年限的不断增加,早期修建的公路不可避免出现了破损,因此需要对公路进行维修和养护。本文首先对公路养护的重要性进行了分析,然后对影响施工安全管理的因素进行了分析,最后对公路养护施工安全管理措施进行了探讨。     

长平高速公路养护管理措施与模式

随着高速公路建设迅速发展,高速公路的养护管理工作显得更加迫切和重要。高速公路的养护管理比一般公路养护管理要求标准高、管理严,且高速公路承受较大的交通负荷,路况不断变化,因此,我们务求不断采用新技术、新工艺,以最经济的方式保证路面平整、畅通,各种设施完好,提高高速公路的耐久性和舒适性,使高速公路养护维修达到高标准、高质量、高效率、高机动性的要求。下面通过对长平高速公路K0+141～K0+187段养护工作的实践,浅析高速公路的养护管理措施与模式。     

桥梁养护安全护栏设计与计算

根据湖北省交通运输厅＂水中桥墩和墩高在10m以上的陆地桥墩均应设置供养护维修用的安全护栏＂的要求,从已建和在建高速公路项目入手,对桥梁养护采用安全护栏进行了设计,通过实例介绍安全护栏的意义和受力关键问题。     

基于多元化投资的高速公路养护管理模式研究

针对高速公路建设多元化投资模式,阐述了高速公路养护管理模式,比较分析了高速公路自主养护模式和市场化养护模式各自的优缺点,提出了市场化养护模式是高速公路养护管理的发展趋势。     

简述高速公路养护施工安全管理方案

养护施工安全管理是高速公路管理中极为重要的一项内容。文章围绕当前的高速公路养护施工安全管理展开探讨,总结对安全管理造成影响的几大因素,在此基础上提出具有针对性的建议,以保证高速公路养护施工的安全管理质量。     

高速公路沥青路面病害成因分析及防治对策

由于沥青路面具有行车舒适、抗滑性能好、噪音小、养护维修方便、开放交通快等优点,高速公路的路面结构绝大多采用沥青路面结构。但是由于种种原因沥青路面早期破坏的现象时有发生,文中结合高速公路沥青路面病害的形成原因和处理情况进行了分析,提出了处理方法。     

高速公路隧道塌方原因及对策的相关思考

本文以某高速公路中的隧道工程为例,从水文因素、地质因素、人文因素三方面上对发生隧道右洞塌方冒顶事故的原因进行了深入的研究,并提出了处理高速公路隧道塌方事故的对策。     

油轮静电的消散对策

海上运输危险品，特别是油轮运输易燃性、可燃性液体时，除了运输行业本身存在危险外，在装卸、清洗、维修等过程中也存在着各种危险。这种危险通常是由静电引起的，称为静电危险，发生事故则为静电事故。     

高速公路的养护与管理

通过对我国高速公路养护管理特点的分析,指出现阶段高速公路养护管理存在的问题,从法规建设、技术管理、养护机械化、体制改革等诸多方面,探讨了我国高速公路养护管理的具体措施。     

A study of factors influencing the severity of road crashes involving drunk drivers and non drunk drivers

In this study, an attempt has been made to develop Multinomial Logit (MNL) model by analysing the drunken and non drunken drivers involved in road crashes on Indian highways. Multinomial Logit model has been deployed to assess the influence of various parameters like vehicular, environment and geometric factors on the set of drivers who were found to be drunk at the time of getting involved in the road crash and those who were not under the influence of alcohol at the time of meeting with the road crash. The total economic cost of road crashes in the case of non-drunk driver road crash is Rs. 1046.27 million whereas in the case of drunk driver road crashes it is estimated to be Rs. 204.50 million. Further, it can be observed that economic cost of drunk driver road crashes is varying from 13 to 19 % across different types of road crashes.     

龙溪口航电枢纽防护区运行安全智能管控系统研究

针对传统防护区运行安全管理以人工为主、信息利用低、动态评估预警缺失等问题，结合龙溪口航电枢纽防护区运行安全管理的主要问题和需求，以创新运行管理模式、强化信息互联共享、提升智能管控水平为目标，构建集数据在线辨识、涝情监控预测、安全实时诊断、风险动态评估、预警响应决策于一体的多层次系统结构，提出涝情实时监控、涝情风险评估、防洪堤安全分析与风险评估等核心功能模块的实现路径和技术要求。研究成果可为全面提升龙溪口航电枢纽防护区防灾减灾能力和安全保障水平提供技术支撑。     

From theory to practice in road safety policy: Understanding risk versus mobility

This paper reviews theoretical issues surrounding transport safety modeling and the implications for road safety policy. The behavioral mechanisms that affect transport safety are typically not considered in safety modeling. These issues are discussed in the context of trade-offs between risk-taking, as perceived by travelers, and other mobility objectives and the attributes associated with them. This is an extension of other theoretical frameworks, such as risk compensation, and attempts to integrate some of the previous frameworks developed over the years. Various examples of behavioral adaptation to specific policies are discussed and linked to the framework. These issues are then discussed in the context of improvements to empirical work in this area and the linkage of theoretical frameworks to crash modeling, in particular the estimation and use of Crash Modification Factors. Conclusions suggest that there are many deficiencies in practice, from estimation of models to choice of effective policies. Progress is being made on the former, while the publication of practical guidance seems to have substantial lags in knowledge.     

中国公路交通安全影响因素分析

针对我国公路交通事故连年上升、事故死亡人数居高不下的情况,采用专家调查的方法,分析了影响中国公路交通安全形势的宏观和微观因素及每一因素的影响权重,并找出了影响最为显著的因素。     

Risk perception in the Norwegian shipping industry and identification of influencing factors

In the recent years, safety culture in relation to shipboard safety and organizational factors has received increasing interest within the shipping industry. This study examines this relationship, where risk perception is an indicator for shipboard safety. Data was derived from a survey carried out in 2006, where 1262 questionnaires were collected from 76 vessels. Explorative factor analyses were used to extract factors of safety culture. Analysis of variance was used to assess the associations between the safety cultural factors and demographic and organizational variables. Finally, linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the association between risk perception and safety culture, controlling for the influence of demographic and organizational variables; age, department, vessel type and nature of work. The results suggest that safety-oriented shipboard management style, performance of proactive working practices and good reporting practices all contribute to a better perception of shipboard safety, while a high demand for efficiency contributes to a more negative perception of the safety level. Further, safety is perceived as better when work is performed as a team. To gain a better understanding of risk perception and safety at sea, it would be helpful to further examine the characteristics and influences of teamwork.     

高速公路隧道交通事故施救经验浅谈

隧道安全保畅管理一直以来是高速公路管理中的重中之重,如何提高交通事故的施救水平、有效进行紧急救护显得至关重要。结合常台（上三段）高速公路对近千起隧道交通事故进行归类、分析、梳理,对施救技巧进行总结和研究,逐渐形成了一套针对隧道特点的高速公路施救管理经验。     

关于二灰砂砾基层平整度的影响因素及施工中采取的措施

二灰砂砾基层施工是公路路面结构施工的重要工序,其摊铺质量直接影响公路路面的平整度,因此,提高二灰砂砾基层的平整度对道路整体质量提高具有重要意义。以包头东胜一级公路一合同工程为例,对影响二灰砂砾基层平整度的因素进行分析,提出了提高平整度的措施。实施结果表明,平整度超出规范要求,效果良好。     

紧急制动及紧急向前时螺旋桨绕流的大涡模拟

船舶在港口停泊或在过驳、动力定位作业过程中需要进行复杂的操纵,此时船舶需要在低速非设计工况下实现后退、紧急制动和紧急向前等运动。在这些低速操纵运动过程中,螺旋桨工作于四象限内,由此产生的侧向力会影响船舶的操纵性能。出于安全考虑,需要评估螺旋桨在四象限内的水动力性能。文章基于CFD方法模拟了螺旋桨在四象限内作业时的紧急制动和紧急向前工况,采取LES方法模拟了紧急制动和紧急向前时剧烈的非定常分离流动。对紧急制动工况进行了网格收敛性分析;所得到的推力和扭矩系数与现有的试验值进行了比较,分析了螺旋桨负荷对螺旋桨性能的影响。通过对桨叶表面的压力分布、一些典型平面上的速度轮廓和流线以及推力的频谱特性进行分析,展示了螺旋桨流动的机理。     

Design and implementation of a visual monitoring system to ensure safety in the water surrounding a container vessel

Container vessels navigate among the world's ports, frequently passing through narrow and congested waters. Due to the many layers of containers on a container vessel's decks, it is difficult for the crew to be aware of all fishing vessels and other obstacles in a container vessel's radar observation blind zone. This greatly increases the risk of collisions and other accidents. Given such great challenges to safe navigation and safety management with container vessels, their security risks are severe. An effective visual monitoring system can improve the safety of the water area surrounding container vessel by eliminating a vessel's observation blind zone, providing an effective safety measure for vessels navigating fishing zones and other troublesome areas. The system has other functions, such as accident recording, ship security, and monitoring of loading and unloading operations, thus ensuring the ship operates safely. Six months' trial operation showed that the system facilitates safe navigation of container vessels.     

Risk assessment for fire safety considering characteristic evacuees and smoke movement in marine fires

In the safety design of marine systems, the matter of human life in the event of a marine fire must be considered. It may be difficult to establish a safe evacuation system because a characteristic behavioral pattern based on human factors is elusive. This study consists of three analyses on (1) the state of smoke diffusion, calculated by the use of a two-layer zone model, (2) evacuation movements, simulated by a group behavioral model, and considering the occurrence of panic and the smoke spreading phase, and (3) the risk index for safety assessment using the results of smoke diffusion and escape movements. This risk index can be used for comparisons between various safety systems, and its validity is confirmed by an evacuation model of common spaces on a typical cruise ship.