基于人机工程学的叉车座椅设计

本文针对叉车座椅设计的问题,运用人机工程学理论,从驾驶员生理特性和作业环境两个方面分析了影响其舒适性的原因,再从坐姿舒适性、振动舒适性、操作舒适性方面提出叉车座椅的设计方法,以提高驾驶员的舒适度、减少驾驶员疲劳程度。     

降振隔噪材料在汽车中的应用

噪声源于振动，振动能够引起某些汽车零部件的早期疲劳损坏，从而降低汽车的使用寿命。过高的噪声不但会损害驾驶员的听力，还会加速其疲劳，从而对汽车行驶安全性构成了极大的威胁。振动、噪声和舒适性这三者是密切相关的，既要减小振动、降低噪声，又要提高乘坐舒适性，保证产品的经济性，使汽车噪声控制在标准范围之内。     

大跨斜拉桥行车振动舒适性评价

为了提出适合于评价大跨桥梁行车振动舒适度的标准,对某大跨斜拉桥的行车振动进行现场实测,分析车辆驾驶员座椅处的振动特性以及不同车速下的车内振动加速度有效值;并以国际上通用的ISO2631标准为基础,结合车内人体的舒适感觉,提出行车振动舒适度评价标准,并对该桥的舒适性进行评价.     

基于人机工程学的山区公路桥头跳车分析评价

桥头跳车是山区公路小桥涵运营中的一种常见现象,它影响了行车的舒适与安全。选取了人机工程学指标,包括汽车振动加速度和驾驶员心率,作为桥头跳车对行车安全影响的评价指标;通过行车实验和对比实验,从乘车舒适性和振动知觉两方面,并结合ISO2631全身振动的相关规定,对内蒙古S203线山区某路段桥头跳车的严重程度进行分析评价,并给出了改善建议。     

摩托车车架动态特性分析与改进设计（3）

3整车台架和道路试验验证振动改进效果通过对车架的改进及分析表明,改进方案能改善结构的动态特性,但车架对振动的影响效果还需通过整车振动试验来验证。摩托车乘坐舒适性是评价摩托车性能的一个重要指标,通过对摩托车振动进行评价分析,进而达到控制振动的目的,     

振动压路机动态性能试验研究

通过对振动压路机振动轮－土壤系统和驾驶员乘坐舒适性的理论分析，选择典型样机按其主要作业工况，现场测试主要振动响应参数，由测试结果对理论分析的主要结论予以验证。     

人行桥振动舒适性评价方法及标准研究现状

人行桥在振动荷载作用下,可能出现大幅振动,给行人带来不适的心理反应。现行各国规范对人行桥振动舒适性的评价方法主要有避开敏感频率法和限制动力响应值法。最常用的评价指标是加速度ak,根据ak所处的范围来确定人的振感。英国BS 5400和欧盟Euro code采用结构振动响应的峰值加速度alim作为人行桥的舒适性评价指标;瑞典国家规范Bro 2004采用均方根加速度aRMS作为人行桥的舒适性评价指标;国际化标准组织ISO制定出人行桥振动舒适性的国际通用标准,由表示频率和振动均方根加速度(r.m.s)关系的感觉曲线和处于振动环境中的疲劳容许时间构成。由不同规范的比较结果可以看出,在低阶频率范围内(小于2 Hz),4个规范规定的加速度指标均比较接近,而在高阶频率范围内相差甚大。     

乘用车振动舒适性评价及预测

为综合乘用车振动舒适性主观评价和客观评价的优点,使评价结果更可靠,对主观评价和客观评价试验结果进行分析,建立了根据客观试验数据预测主观评价的得分模型。选取7辆乘用车进行振动舒适性主观与客观评价试验,在实车试验的基础上测量客观参数值,并对车辆舒适性进行主观评分,建立了舒适性主观评价预测模型。客观评价试验包括脉冲输入和随机输入行驶试验,测量位置为驾驶员座椅支撑面、靠背和脚底地板处,测量参数为这3个位置的脉冲输入最大加速度响应和随机输入三轴向线振动。在客观评价试验的基础上,增加急加速试验工况作为主观评价试验,对车身俯仰、侧倾晃动等指标进行了主观评分。根据各主观指标得分,运用熵值法确定各评价指标权重,计算了试验车主观评价总分。运用灰色关联度分析找到影响主观评价的10个主要客观测量参数,分别基于支持向量机和BP神经网络建立了主观得分预测模型,并引入相对误差和均方根误差比较分析了2模型的预测精度。结果表明:基于支持向量机建立的主观评分预测模型具有更高的精确度和稳定性,更适合解决乘用车振动舒适性主观评价预测的小样本问题,可为乘用车振动舒适性的快速评价提供模型参考。     

汽车中人体振动的评价方法研究

对国际标准ＩＳＯ２６３１新草案进行了研究，应用新草案对各类汽车的人体振动进行了测试分析，确定了影响人体振动舒适性的主要振动轴向。比较了舒适性评价法与总加权值法的评价结果的差异。通过主观评价验证了舒适性评价法能真实地反映人对振动的感觉，并建立了总乘坐值指标的限值。     

基于生物力学仿真的驾驶员身体负荷分布研究

针对目前主要从姿势角度和主观评价两方面对驾驶姿势舒适性进行评价,未能在更深层次上揭示驾驶姿势舒适性的机理,且通过主观评价构建的姿势不舒适度模型的实用效果不理想,提出了一种客观评价方法。首先建立了驾驶员的人体生物力学模型;接着设计仿真方案,进行肌肉分群,设定评价指标,并定义姿势变量;最后通过仿真,初步获得驾驶员坐姿和驾驶室布置参数对驾驶员人体生物力学负荷及其分布的影响规律。     

基于柔性模型的多轴汽车平顺性的仿真研究

基于弹性梁弯曲振动理论和模态分析法建立了多轴汽车平顺性分析的柔性模型。按照汽车行驶平顺性评价方法，运用建立的柔性模型，分析了车速、路面等级、悬挂质量的分布、车架刚度以及悬架系统的刚度和阻尼对多轴汽车平顺性的影响。分析结果表明：悬挂质量的弯曲振动是影响多轴汽车行驶平顺性的一个不可忽略的重要因素；常用的刚体模型不能准确地描述多轴汽车的平顺性，不适合用于多轴汽车平顺性的分析。     

脉冲路面下轮毂电机偏心对电动汽车平顺性影响

为了分析脉冲路面下轮毂电机偏心对电动汽车平顺性的影响,给出了脉冲路面车轮激励和开关磁阻电机激励的表示。建立了考虑轮毂电机质量和轮毂电机激励的电动汽车平面4自由度振动模型,推导出相应的状态方程和输出向量,确定了脉冲路面平顺性评价指标。实现了脉冲路面车轮激励和轮毂电机激励的仿真,在脉冲路面下进行了4种工况的平顺性仿真和比较。结果表明,脉冲路面下轮毂电机偏心对电动汽车平顺性有着不可忽视的影响,设计电动汽车时需要考虑轮毂电机偏心带来的负效应。     

平地机振动舒适性的测试与评估

介绍了国际标准ISO 2631和欧共体人体安全委员会法规89/391/EC有关车辆座椅振动的测试、分析和评估方法,对平地机在现场作业和路面行驶工况下的振动进行了测试和分析,并以试验中振动最严重的工况为例,按照ISO2631和89/391/EC对平地机振动舒适性及振动对人体健康的影响进行了分析评估。最后,对如何改善平地机的整车动态性能,提高座椅舒适性提出了建议。     

轮毂电机驱动电动汽车3种构型的平顺性分析

针对轮毂电机驱动电动汽车3种构型,对其平顺性问题展开研究。分别采用滤波白噪声方法和三角形凸块描述随机路面激励和脉冲路面激励。建立了轮毂电机驱动电动汽车3种构型的振动模型,确定了相应的平顺性评价指标。在随机路面和脉冲路面下,采用Matlab/Simulink仿真了轮毂电机驱动电动汽车3种构型的平顺性。研究结果表明,具有吸振结构的构型2和具有悬置结构的构型3与传统悬架的构型1相比,降低了轮毂电机驱动电动汽车随机路面和脉冲路面的平顺性评价指标。     

Integration of car-body flexibility into train–track coupling system dynamics analysis

The resonance vibration of flexible car-bodies greatly affects the dynamics performances of high-speed trains. In this paper, we report a three-dimensional train–track model to capture the flexible vibration features of high-speed train carriages based on the flexible multi-body dynamics approach. The flexible car-body is modelled using both the finite element method (FEM) and the multi-body dynamics (MBD) approach, in which the rigid motions are obtained by using the MBD theory and the structure deformation is calculated by the FEM and the modal superposition method. The proposed model is applied to investigate the influence of the flexible vibration of car-bodies on the dynamics performances of train–track systems. The dynamics performances of a high-speed train running on a slab track, including the car-body vibration behaviour, the ride comfort, and the running safety, calculated by the numerical models with rigid and flexible car-bodies are compared in detail. The results show that the car-body flexibility not only significantly affects the vibration behaviour and ride comfort of rail carriages, but also can has an important influence on the running safety of trains. The rigid car-body model underestimates the vibration level and ride comfort of rail vehicles, and ignoring carriage torsional flexibility in the curving safety evaluation of trains is conservative.     

Development of an experimental methodology to evaluate the influence of a bamboo frame on the bicycle ride comfort

In the current environment of increased emphasis on sustainable transport, there is manifold increase in the use of bicycles for urban transport. One concern which might restrict the use is the ride comfort and fatigue. There has been limited research in addressing the difficulty in bicycle ride comfort quantification. The current study aims to develop a methodology to quantify bicycle discomfort so that performance of bicycles constructed from bamboo and aluminium alloy can be compared. Experimentally obtained frequency response functions are used to establish a relation between the road input and the seat and rider response. A bicycle track input profile based on standard road profiles is created so as to estimate the acceleration responses. The whole-body-vibration frequency weighting is applied to quantify the perception of vibration intensity so that eventual discomfort ranking can be obtained. The measured frequency response functions provide an insight into the effect of frame dynamics on the overall resonant behaviour of the bicycles. The beneficial effect of frame compliance and damping on lower modes of vibration is very clear in the case of bamboo frame, in turn affecting seat and rider response. In the bamboo frame, because of multiple resonances, the frequency response of the handlebar is smaller at higher frequencies suggesting effective isolation. Further improvements may have come from the joints made from natural composites. Overall, based on the comparative analysis and the methodology developed, bamboo frame shows significant improvement in ride comfort performance compared with the aluminium frame.     

半挂汽车列车平顺性分析

本文介绍了１８个自由度的半挂汽车列车振动模拟模型，利用该模型和计算机软件分析了各种结构参数和使用参数对半持汽车列车平顺性的影响。计算结果与对样车主观评价的结论相符合。本文还阐述了利用模拟计算得到的于半挂汽车列车平顺性的一些基本特点，可供同类车辆的平顺性分析参考。     

铰接式自卸车橡胶弹簧悬架系统试验研究

采用模拟随机输入路面谱激励室内台架试验的方法,对装有新型橡胶弹簧悬架系统的某型号铰接式自卸车进行台架试验研究,以评价橡胶弹簧悬架系统的减振性能和整车行驶平顺性。试验结果表明由于橡胶弹簧悬架系统某些参数匹配不合理导致该车行驶平顺性很不理想,通过优化悬架及座椅的刚度和阻尼参数,可提高整车行驶平顺性,并给出了座椅弹簧的优化结果。     

Investigating the influence of rail grinding on stability,vibration, and ride comfort of high-speed EMUs using multi-body dynamics modelling

ABSTRACT

High-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) have been popularised rapidly all around the world and have become a major transportation method. Increases in running velocity and wheel-rail deterioration lead to excessive vibration and reduced ride comfort, which are common issues encountered in the operation of high-speed EMUs. While built-in sensors on a car body are able to detect abnormal vibrations in the car body itself, they cannot effectively reflect the ride comfort of passengers. Wheel-rail profile matching can improve the wheel-rail interaction, and rail grinding has thus been introduced as a practical solution to alleviating the aforementioned problems. Nonetheless, the working mechanism of rail grinding has not been investigated theoretically. This study develops flexible car body and human body models based on the rigid-flexible coupled method to systematically study the effects of wheel-rail wear and rail grinding on passenger ride comfort. Case studies show that the proposed models can predict the ride comfort of passengers accurately. It is also demonstrated that rail grinding can significantly alleviate excessive vibration and improve passenger ride comfort in the long term. A long-term investigation reveals that rail grinding can improve the smoothness of the rail surface and reduce the damage to the rail.