我国微型车的发展形势分析

本文论述了中国微型汽车在当前环境下面临的机遇和挑战，提出了发展战略，展望了发展前景。     

亦喜亦忧话奥拓：奥拓轿车发展形势分析与对策

随着国内汽车市场竞争的加剧,汽车工业向轿车发展的战略转移,使一汽、二汽、上海和天津等轿车生产基地的发展加快,各自的15万辆经济规模陆续或即将建成,发展迅猛,形势咄咄逼人。特别是夏利轿车作为长安奥拓轿车的主要竞争对手,不仅起步早,发展快,市场占有率高,知名度和影响大。在微型轿车市场独领风骚,占据了半壁江山。截至1995年底,夏利已累计生产达22万余     

论中轿车业的发展战略

研究了我国轿车业发展的历史、现状和发展趋势，探讨了我国轿车业的发展战略和胡树华教授提出的实施“国家汽车创新工程”在我国轿车业发展战略中的核心作用。     

奥拓轿车发展战略述评

以兵器工业“军转民”的第二次创业的战略高度分析了发展长安奥拓轿车的意义，较全面地分析了长安奥拓轿车作为家庭用轿车的独特优势，对奥拓轿车的选型和发展进行了概述，并根据我国《汽车工业产业政策》提出了发展长安奥拓轿车的对策。     

谈我国轿车工业的战略发展

改革开放以来，我国轿车行业形成了三种比较成功的合资的发展模式，合资企业的大力发展也带动了我国轿车业的飞速发展。遗憾的是，我们开放的市场并未换来我国轿车行业的独立自主发展，相反我们对国外跨国汽车集团的依赖性逐步增强，伴随着“入关”的临近，我们更期待我国轿车业的独立自主发展。     

对我国轿车工业发展战略的若干粗浅认识

轿车是交通工具，轿车工业的目的是使交通现代化，中国的交通系统不能照抄西方模式，要建设有不国特色的交通系统，这人系统应具有有效性，人民性，资源利用率高，有利环保和可行性。合理的交通系统以科学地组织和利用交通工具与交通设施为根据。     

21世纪中国轿车产业发展战略问题的思考

1中国是一个潜力巨大发展最快的轿车市场 1998年世界汽车保有量近6亿辆,世界平均每7.8人一辆汽车.美国已接近每人一辆车.轿车占总保有量的71%.(世界平均每11人一辆轿车).我国1998年汽车保有量为1320万辆,(其中轿车约338万辆约占1/4),平均约每100人一辆汽车,人均汽车密度是世界平均水平的1/13,美国的约百分之一.     

中国轿车开发能力的战略分析

中国轿车工业目前尚不具备国际竞争力，存在的主要问题是缺乏产品自主开发能力。在我国轿车工业现有的市场条件下，合资是一种锁定状态。合资方式是获得产品技术的主导模式，其主要缺陷在于技术外溢程度有限、资源难以导入到最有效的生产领域等。要打破这种状态，需要创造足够的外部条件。目前是为可行的方法是，加强轿车零部件工业的发展。     

重庆汽车工业发展战略研究

中国即将加入ＷＴＯ，重庆既面临着崛起成为西部汽车城的重大历史机遇，也面临着来自国内外日趋激烈的市场竞争压力和先进技术的挑战。本文结合近年来汽车市场的需求，以重庆汽车工业发展现状为背景，分析了重庆汽车工业在重庆市经济发展中的地位和具备的发展条件。提出了以发展经济型轿车为核心，保持微型车的国内领先地位；“以市场需求为导向、以企业联组为手段、以自主开发为目的”的发展模式；选择大众市场这一突破口，采取“向     

Trends of traffic fatalities and DNA analysis in traffic accident investigation

Although the number of traffic accidents in Japan decreases each year, little is known about the annual trends of various types of traffic accidents. In this study, we used public domain to examine annual trends in the number of fatalities caused by traffic accidents by age and type of transportation. We found that such trends differed by age group and type, and that the number of deaths due to certain types of traffic accidents is increasing.Identification by DNA analysis is now widely used in traffic accident investigations, but the public is largely unaware of the components of DNA that are investigated and the way in which the analysis is conducted. For this reason, we introduced an outline of the DNA analysis that is conducted in the traffic accident investigations and present several cases in which DNA analysis has been effectively utilized in such investigations.     

基于交通信息的电动汽车制动策略及仿真

为了提高滑行能量回收经济性和踏板制动安全性、舒适性,基于交通信息,提出了电动汽车(EV)制动协调策略。分析了滑行制动的经济性,由交通信息和汽车行驶状态确定滑行制动强度;由道路信息和前方车辆信息建立汽车安全距离模型和碰撞预警策略,利用预警信息对滑行制动和踏板制动强度进行协调。对本策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:利用交通信息的滑行策略,在通行良好工况下综合能耗减少1.1%,拥堵工况下减轻驾驶员的制动疲劳;预警和协调策略避免了频繁预警,减小了紧急避撞触发几率。因此,利用交通信息能够辅助驾驶员进行更加合理的制动。     

Crash analysis and dynamical behaviour of light road and rail vehicles

The main goal of crashworthiness is to ensure that vehicles are safer for occupants, cargo and other road or rail users. The crash analysis of vehicles involves structural impact and occupant biomechanics. The traditional approaches to crashworthiness not only do not take into account the full vehicle dynamics, but also uncouple the structural impact and the occupant biomechanics in the crash study. The most common strategy is to obtain an acceleration pulse from a vehicle structural impact analysis or experimental test, very often without taking into account the effect of suspensions in its dynamics, and afterwards feed this pulse into a rigid occupant compartment that contains models of passengers. Multibody dynamics is the most common methodology to build and analyse vehicle models for occupant biomechanics, vehicle dynamics and, with ever increasing popularity, structural crash analysis. In this work, the aspects of multibody modelling relevant to road and rail vehicles and to occupant biomechanical modelling are revised. Afterwards, it is shown how multibody models of vehicles and occupants are used in crash analysis. The more traditional aspects of vehicle dynamics are then introduced in the vehicle models in order to appraise their importance in the treatment of certain types of impact scenarios for which the crash outcome is sensitive to the relative orientation and alignment between vehicles. Through applications to the crashworthiness of road and of rail vehicles, selected problems are discussed and the need for coupled models of vehicle structures, suspension subsystems and occupants is emphasized.     

共轨系统期待拓展应有空间

我国每年的专用汽车统计总销量到底是多少?基于不同的理解,近年来或有2个及以上版本,如此难免会造成行业企业在分析应用时出现偏颇或无所适从.     

汽车横向稳定性与交通安全分析

汽车横向稳定性主要受路面附着系数，转向半径和路面横向倾角等因素的限制，文章对此进行了分析，得到了保持汽车横向稳定性的方法，提出了用汽车主动安全技术保持汽车横向稳定性的设想。     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

呼和浩特市土地利用与城市交通协调发展策略研究

随着呼和浩特市城市规模不断扩大,城市机动化水平迅猛提升,市中心区逐渐显现出交通拥堵且日趋严重,交通供需矛盾突出。交通源的空间分布、出行生成吸引强度及流向取决于城市土地利用布局。因此,可以说出行增长的根本原因在于土地使用。文章通过分析呼和浩特市土地利用与交通系统现状,研究土地利用与城市交通系统的关系,从土地利用开发的角度分析呼和浩特市城市交通问题,提出呼和浩特土地利用与城市交通协调发展的策略,从而改善城市交通拥堵。     

高铁明挖隧道基坑施工监测优化分析

基于明挖隧道基坑DK798+360-DK798+750的现场施工监测结果,提出了施工监测优化思路:里程段DK798+360-DK798+700监测断面设计间距可进行优化(建议值为100 m),且无需布设地下水位监测孔,在暴雨季节只需做好地表水排水措施即可;里程段DK798+700-DK798+750应为重点监测区域,应该严格按照设计要求进行监测。     

Human body modelling for traffic accident analysis

A traffic accident is a complex phenomenon with vehicles and human beings involved. During a collision, the vehicle occupant is exposed to substantial loads, which can cause the occupant injuries that depend on the level of passive safety, as well as on the occupant's individual characteristics. Correct estimation of injury severity demands a validated human body model and known impact conditions. A human body modelling procedure for the purpose of accident analysis is introduced. The occupant body has been modelled as a multibody system with rigid body segments connected. Geometrical and inertial properties of individual body segments were estimated using computed tomography. Frontal impact conditions were simulated on a sled test facility, while the human body dynamic response was measured. Comparison of experimental data and computer simulation revealed an influence of joint resistive properties on the occupant motion in collisions. The difference between measured and simulated response was minimised using optimisation method. Individualised human body modelling procedure enabled better prediction of the occupant motion during vehicle collision and thus more precise estimation of possible injuries in real-life traffic accidents.     

高速公路交通流分形特性分析

采用分形理论研究交通流的自相似性；基于嵌入空间理论、状态空间重构和Ｇ－Ｐ算法对实际检测的广佛高速公路２４ｈ交通流情况进行了分形特性分析，分析结果表明交通流在一定的区间内存在尺度不变性。