“深蓝”号南极磷虾捕捞加工船的设计

介绍了国内首艘自主建造的、具有世界先进水平的"深蓝"号南极磷虾捕捞加工船的研发背景及其主要性能参数,重点阐述了"深蓝"号在满足极地区域作业要求、南极磷虾捕捞、加工、储存等功能方面具备的一些特点及设计考量,为今后南极磷虾船及极地作业船舶的设计提供了技术参考,具有一定的现实意义。     

武汉船机为南极磷虾船配套主推进系统

正最近由武汉船机承制的国产首艘南极磷虾捕捞加工船"深蓝"号配套主推进系统顺利通过DNV、CCS船检、会检。该船是国家农业农村部批复的国产首艘专业南极磷虾捕捞加工船,主要用于南极地区磷虾捕捞、流水线加工、包装等作业,同时还兼具部分科考功能,建成后将填补我国在南极磷虾高端渔船领域的空白。主推进系统是"深蓝"号动     

南极磷虾捕捞加工船及装备发展现状和趋势

基于国内外南极磷虾产业的发展现状,不论是保证捕捞产量还是提高船载加工产品质量,提升南极磷虾捕捞加工船舶及装备的现代化水平是南极磷虾产业发展的必由之路。作为南极磷虾捕捞、加工的平台,专业南极磷虾捕捞加工船船型的升级换代必然会影响到我国南极磷虾产业的发展及在国际上的竞争力,因此有必要对我国南极磷虾捕捞加工船及配备的捕捞系统、加工工艺等的发展趋势进行探讨和分析。研究挪威南极磷虾产业发展路径不难得出,南极磷虾捕捞加工船的"极地化、专业化、大型化、绿色化"是必然趋势,而这种趋势也应是我国南极磷虾捕捞加工船船型及相关系统、工艺发展的主要方向。     

国内首艘南极磷虾捕捞船开赴南极

2020年5月14日,由江苏智慧海洋产业联盟成员单位——江苏深蓝远洋渔业有限公司投资建造的国内首艘南极磷虾专业捕捞加工船"深蓝号"从连云港扬帆起航开赴南极。南极磷虾是全球可捕捞量最大和具有重要开发潜力的海洋渔业资源,是国家高度重视的战略性资源。     

中国船级社检验的远洋捕捞加工渔船“龙发”轮顺利启航

<正>近日,中国水产有限公司所属的"龙发"轮顺利启航,中国船级社(CCS)、中国农业发展集团有限公司、大连辽南船厂等单位受邀参加了启航仪式。"龙发"轮是国内首艘改装的极地海域作业磷虾捕捞加工船,今年在大连辽南船厂进行了为期160余天的恢复修理,由CCS完成了检验工作,并顺利通过了国家极地项目考察组的评定。作为我国仅有的3艘从事南极水域开发、捕捞加工南极磷虾的大型拖网加工船之一,"龙发"轮顺利启航作业对我国在南极水域开发捕捞磷虾具有重大意义和带动     

中国船级社检验的我国首艘南极磷虾捕捞加工船顺利进坞

正2018年8月12日上午,由中国船级社(CCS)检验的我国首艘南极磷虾捕捞加工船"深蓝"号在黄埔文冲船厂举行了进坞仪式。该船也是CCS广州分社正式承接广东渔业船舶检验局相关业务之后执行建造检验的首艘远洋渔船。"深蓝"号由挪威瓦锡兰提供基本设计,总长120.28米,型宽21.60米,采用了连续泵吸捕捞系统等先进作业方式,设置了冻虾、虾粉等智能化船载加工生产线,是目前我国最大最先进的远洋渔业捕捞加工一体船。     

南极磷虾捕捞加工船极限完整稳性研究

通过极限完整稳性分析方法,对比国际海事组织(IMO)《托雷莫里诺斯国际渔船安全公约》、《2008国际完整稳性规则》以及中华人民共和国渔业船舶检验局《渔业船舶法定检验规则-远洋渔船2015》对远洋渔船的稳性要求,以国内首艘南极磷虾捕捞加工船"深蓝"号为例,分析极限完整稳性临界条款,探讨远洋拖网加工渔船在极地环境下的设计工况与极限完整稳性,以对远洋拖网加工渔船和极地水域作业船舶的设计提供参考。     

南极磷虾拖网加工船双桁架系统设计北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了提高南极磷虾拖网加工船的捕捞效率,避免拖网内磷虾长时间相互挤压以保护其虾体品质,[方法]提出一种相较于常规南极磷虾尾拖网捕捞效率更高的新型双支架桁杆拖网设计方案。通过系统结构建模方法,对双桁架系统在吊放和作业状态下的受力与结构进行仿真分析,得到拖网绞车与桁杆的距离,以及水平定位钢缆与桁杆距离的限制范围,从而避免双桁架结构的构件发生受力突变,确保拖网钢缆和水平定位钢缆在捕捞作业时的有效性。[结果]仿真结果显示,采用该双桁架系统能够在提高南极磷虾捕捞加工效率的同时确保系统结构的安全性。[结论]该双桁架系统可作为未来我国南极磷虾拖网加工船桁架设计的优选方案。     

南极磷虾拖网加工船双桁架系统设计

[目的]为了提高南极磷虾拖网加工船的捕捞效率,避免拖网内磷虾长时间相互挤压以保护其虾体品质,[方法]提出一种相较于常规南极磷虾尾拖网捕捞效率更高的新型双支架桁杆拖网设计方案。通过系统结构建模方法,对双桁架系统在吊放和作业状态下的受力与结构进行仿真分析,得到拖网绞车与桁杆的距离,以及水平定位钢缆与桁杆距离的限制范围,从而避免双桁架结构的构件发生受力突变,确保拖网钢缆和水平定位钢缆在捕捞作业时的有效性。[结果]仿真结果显示,采用该双桁架系统能够在提高南极磷虾捕捞加工效率的同时确保系统结构的安全性。[结论]该双桁架系统可作为未来我国南极磷虾拖网加工船桁架设计的优选方案。     

一种南极吸虾泵的研究设计与探索

目前我国正着力发展南极磷虾捕捞产业,而南极磷虾的品质极大地依赖于渔船的捕捞作业水平高低。研究了南极磷虾泵吸技术,建立了三维吸虾泵模型并试制样机。样机试验结果表明吸虾泵的泵吸效果非常理想。可为南极磷虾大规模连续捕捞产业的发展供依据和基础。     

Krill behaviour as recorded by acoustic doppler current profilers in the Gullmarsfjord

Vertical distribution of sound scattering layers were observed using bottom deployed acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCP) during early spring of 1996 and autumn of 1997 in the Gullmarsfjord on the Swedish west coast. Variations in relative backscatter were interpreted in relation to horizontal water velocities, oxygen saturation as well as differences in the light, salinity and temperature regimes. Net catches revealed that much of the backscatter below 20-m depth was associated with the presence of krill, principally Meganyctiphanes norvegica.Horizontal currents seemed to influence the migration and distribution of krill, which showed weak vertical migration patterns with low abundance during periods of strong intermediate in- and outflows, while during periods with weaker currents, a more regular diel migration occurred. Horizontal water velocities >5 cm s⁻¹ seemed to have the potential to decrease the peak in the backscatter profile. Mean vertical migration rates of krill was 1 cm s⁻¹, while maximum vertical migration rates were estimated to be 2.5–3 cm s⁻¹. The range of the vertical migration was different in 1997 due to severe oxygen deficiency in the bottom water, which prevented the krill from descending >80 m. The commencement of vertical migration correlated closely to the seasonal light conditions. The descent was immediately triggered by sunrise, while ascent occurred with a delay of about 1 h at sunset.     

Morphological and biochemical differentiation in Antarctic krill

During the February 1981 cruise FIBEX MD-25 between 30–50°E and 61–64°S, hydrography showed the presence of two gyres, confirmed by the geostrophic circulation relative to 1000 m from Levitus climatology, at the borders of these gyres concentrations of highly morphologically differentiated krill were found. Gaussian component analysis of krill samples, pooled by sectors, showed three cohorts of Euphausia superba in the western sector and one in the eastern sector. Across the sampling area, Thysanoessa macrura and E. superba occurred at separate stations. Analysis of cohorts in T. macrura separated two size groups in both the western and the eastern sectors. The use of a Differentiation Index (D.I.) [Färber-Lorda, J., 1990. Somatic length relationships and ontogenetic morphometric differentiation of Euphausia superba and Thysanoessa macrura of the southwest Indian Ocean during summer (February 1981). Deep-Sea Res. 37, 1135–1143.], based on somatic lengths, allows studying certain morphological differences within the populations sampled. Morphologically different and bigger males II (D.I. from 2.8 to 3.5) were present only in the southern transect while smaller males I (D.I. from 3.5 to 5.0) were present over the entire area. Biochemical composition of both species showed significant differences among stations for protein, lipids, and carbohydrates. A significant difference in lipid content was found between males I, and males II. For T. macrura, percentage of lipid content in mature animals was much higher than that in E. superba. The D.I. size distribution showed that when populations of E. superba were highly differentiated (corresponding to mature animals) in morphology, lipid content was high, and they were located near a gyre. Differences in morphometry can influence distribution of the species, because different developing stages have different swimming capacities. It is shown that, together with hydrography and trophic conditions, lipid content and morphometry of krill populations, are different but complementary aspects that help to understand krill ecology and distribution.     

Fluxes of biogenic carbon in the Southern Ocean: roles of large microphagous zooplankton

The Southern Ocean is an extreme environment, where waters are permanently cold, a seasonal ice cover extends over large areas, and the solar energy available for photosynthesis is severely restricted, either by vertical mixing to considerable depths or, especially south of the Antarctic Circle, by prolonged seasonal periods of low or no irradiance. Such conditions would normally lead to low productivity and a water column dominated by recycling processes involving microbial components of pelagic communities but this does not seem to be the case in the Southern Ocean, where there is efficient export to large apex predators and deep waters. This paper investigates the role of large microphagous zooplankton (salps, krill, and some large copepods) in the partitioning of biogenic carbon among the pools of short- and long-lived organic carbon and sequestered biogenic carbon. Large microphagous zooplankton are able to ingest microbial-sized particles and thus repackage small, non-sinking particles into both metazoan biomass and large, rapidly sinking faeces. Given the wide spatio-temporal extent of microbial trophic pathways in the Southern Ocean, large zooplankton that are omnivorous or able to ingest small food particles have a competitive advantage over herbivorous zooplankton. Krill efficiently transfer carbon to a wide array of apex predators and their faecal pellets are exported to depth during occasional brief sedimentation episodes in spring time. Salps may be a significant link towards some fish (directly) and other apex predators (indirectly) and, at some locations (especially in offshore waters) and time, they may account for most of the downward flux of biogenic carbon. Large copepods are a trophic link towards fish and at least one whale species, and their grazing activity generally impedes the export of organic particles to depth. As a result, biogenic carbon is channelled mainly towards apex predators and episodically into the deep ocean. Without these original interactions, Antarctic waters might well be dominated by microbial components and recycling processes instead of active export from the generally small primary producers towards large apex predators.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。