A game-theoretic analysis of competition among container port hubs: the case of Busan and Shanghai 1

Countries throughout the world, and especially within Asia, are investing heavily in container port infrastructure in the hopes of capturing a larger share of global shipping activity for their economies. Many existing ports are emphasizing developing the capacity to serve as a hub port, building deepwater berths with large terminals to facilitate transfer of containers from feeder ships to mother ships for intercontinental transport. We develop a game-theoretic best response framework for understanding how competitor ports will respond to development at a focus port, and whether the focus port will be able to capture or defend market share by building additional capacity. We apply this model to investment and competition currently occurring between the ports of Busan and Shanghai.     

Development of a methodology for estimation of ballast water operation in UK ports

To avoid or mitigate risks associated with introduction of non-indigenous species, it is necessary to monitor and understand the quantity and origin of foreign and domestic ballast water discharged into territorial waters. It is not yet compulsory to report a ships ballast water operations in any ports within the UK. 38 ports have been contacted and their shipping operations from 2003 to 2008have been collected. Despite the diverse nature and format of the data, it has been possible to develop a correlation between the amount of cargo and ballast water operations for every port and hence estimate the potential amount of ballast water discharged. The proposed methodology has been used to estimate the total amount of ballast water discharged in UK waters and at individual ports. Based on this estimation, 20 UK ports with the highest amount of imported ballast water from foreign origins have been identified.     

Dynamics of liner shipping service scheduling and their impact on container port competition

Container ports provide the primary interface where physical exchange between buyers and sellers of containerised shipping capacity can be consolidated and realised. Consequently, ports that are able to complement and add value to the objectives of shipping lines and shippers will become focal points for containerised cargo flows. To evaluate container port competition, the authors propose a practical and direct approach based on revealed preferences of shipping lines with respect to container shipping service dynamics. The container shipping networks are generated as carriers formulate their service schedules to capitalise on opportunities that are presented by evolving container trade patterns along trade routes and relative changes in the competitive profile of the ports of call. Empirical results showed that this approach offers a deeper understanding on the workings and evolution of competitive dynamics between ports, which may not be obvious from observations of port performance at the aggregated level. Benefits of the approach also include raising awareness that policy makers should be aware of the need to understand the nature, extensity and intensity of competitive relationships between ports as they craft and implement policies to correct for the actual or perceived market failures in the industry.     

绿色航运发展趋势及燃料电池船舶的应用前景

船舶与港口排放带来了日益严重的环境污染问题,燃料电池作为船舶新能源技术之一,因其效率高、排放清洁、噪声和震动小等优异特性,在船舶节能减排和绿色航运发展中倍受关注。本文分析了我国绿色航运发展趋势,进而介绍了船舶新能源技术和燃料电池技术及特性。综述了燃料电池船舶在国内外的研究与应用进展,重点讨论了燃料电池船舶应用前景,展望了燃料电池船舶的未来发展方向。     

Strategic planning applied to shipping and ports

Changing economic, trade, technological and environmental conditions today affect shipping and ports more than ever before. As a result, it has become essential for them to maintain and update strategic decisions and objectives more and more frequently. Concepts and approaches found effective in strategic planning are presented and their applications to shipping and ports are reviewed.     

美国1998年海运改革法案获得参院通过（对1984年美国航运法进行了重大修改）

The us senate on april 21 approved the ocean ship ping reform act of 1998,which amends the 1984 shipping act in certain key areas.one of the most significant changes is that details of major provisions of carrier-shipper contracts,including rates,service commitments and liquidated damages will be kept confidetial,for the first time.     

船舶大型化对航运和港口的影响

目前订造中的7 500 TEU以上的船舶有100多艘。其中许多船舶将于2007年下水,投入亚洲-欧洲和跨太平洋贸易航线的营运。“超级集装箱船”(VLCS)正在坚定地从概念走向现实。超过8 000TEU的船舶的投入使用,对班轮公司、航运贸易和集装箱码头提出了新的挑战。班轮公司应该通过削减一组环线中的船舶数目、改变挂靠港和重新组织航运网络的规划途径来应对挑战。先进枢纽港应该通过开发新概念的港口装卸系统和新概念码头来应对挑战。超大型集装箱船舶挂靠的港口不能仅仅是简单的枢纽港,同时必须成为物流平台。     

全球典型中转港发展格局、特征及趋势研究

全球海运的发展催生出以转运货物形式服务于周边区域和远洋运输的中转港,它们在全球贸易及运输体系中占据重要地位,形成了明显的特征格局。在中转港形成因素及分类研究的基础上,总结全球范围中转港发展格局和发展特征,探讨不同区域中转港的发展趋势。结果表明,当前全球航运格局重心在亚太地区,国际中转港主要分布在远东-西欧-北美主航线,而扼守关键区位则容易催生出中转大港。同时,未来各区域的中转港发展将随着经济全球化与国际贸易的深入发展而变动,并受船舶大型化、服务软环境等显著影响。     

Technology, and the up-skilling or deskilling conundrum

While it is said that merchant ships are now so automated and sufficiently reliable for little skill to be demanded of those who control them, on the other hand, it is also argued that today’s merchant ships are so complicated that only those who fully comprehend their complexities should be entrusted with their operation. This paper attempts to obtain more insight into this paradox and systematically examines the technological imperative in shipping and its accompanying challenges particularly the skilling dilemma. It then delves into the contrasting theories of technological change implications in the work environment before arriving at the plausible correct understanding that appears to provide the viable explanations and solution.     

Reconstructing Polish ports and shipping

Dramatic efforts to put Poland's economy back on the right track indicate an urgent need to undertake studies concerning the future shape and structure of the Polish Merchant Marine as well as Poland's share in international maritime transport. Changing ownership and structure of enterprises, modernization of tonnage, improvement of domestic and foreign infrastructure, implementation of proper manning policy in the fleet and improvement of managerial techniques in the daily operation of ports and ships are some of the tasks which must be considered by those responsible for the future of Polish ports and shipping companies.     

Marketing management at the world's major ports

Recent technological developments in maritime transport, particularly in container shipping and larger vessels, are having major repercussions at ports the world over. The latest wave of innovations has increased the level of competition in maritime transport, in particular in port activities. Shippers have many more alternatives available, something that tends to increase the hinterland of each port, precisely by reducing captive hinterlands. Ports are now generally moving towards formulas in which private initiative has a bigger role to play. Increases in competition combined with growth in private initiatives highlight the usefulness of marketing tools in two ways. Externally, because they help to achieve throughputs from remote points of origin and destination, and internally, by aiding the proper coordination of business and organizational activity at a commercial port. The present paper is a transversal study of the current situation of marketing and quality tools at major ports, including the opinions of a range of port commercial and marketing managers. We have also tried to describe the differentiated groups to be found at ports, as a useful methodology for identifying the nearest competition or ports with similar characteristics.     

Marketing management at the world's major ports

Recent technological developments in maritime transport, particularly in container shipping and larger vessels, are having major repercussions at ports the world over. The latest wave of innovations has increased the level of competition in maritime transport, in particular in port activities. Shippers have many more alternatives available, something that tends to increase the hinterland of each port, precisely by reducing captive hinterlands. Ports are now generally moving towards formulas in which private initiative has a bigger role to play. Increases in competition combined with growth in private initiatives highlight the usefulness of marketing tools in two ways. Externally, because they help to achieve throughputs from remote points of origin and destination, and internally, by aiding the proper coordination of business and organizational activity at a commercial port. The present paper is a transversal study of the current situation of marketing and quality tools at major ports, including the opinions of a range of port commercial and marketing managers. We have also tried to describe the differentiated groups to be found at ports, as a useful methodology for identifying the nearest competition or ports with similar characteristics.     

一种内河船舶信息自动报告系统的设计与实现

针对目前内河航运中普遍使用VHF语音通信进行船舶信息交流的缺点,设计了一种基于自组织无线数据通信、GPS定位、嵌入式软硬件设计和电子江图等关键技术实现的内河船舶信息自动报告系统,研制的实验室样机实现了自动感知临近船舶并对距离过近的危险船舶报警、船舶向岸基设备自动发送相关航运信息等功能。该系统具有运营低成本、自动准确报告船舶信息的特点,能够提高内河航运安全技术水平。     

2018年世界船舶市场评述与2019年展望

回顾了2018年世界经济、航运、造船市场,并对2019年进行展望。2018年世界经济平稳复苏,航运市场整体趋势向好,新船订单吨位量小幅上升;2019年世界经济风险偏于下行,航运市场将在压力中前行,各细分市场"几家欢喜几家愁",世界新造船市场呈现弱复苏态势,绿色和智能是市场增长的主要动力来源。     

An application of BBNs on the integrated energy efficiency of ship–port interface: a dry bulk shipping case

ABSTRACT

A considerable amount of energy is consumed with every completed ship voyage and each port operation performed. Recent regulative approaches by the IMO are to enforce the shipping industry to become more energy efficient and sustainable. There is a growing amount of literature on the energy efficiency management of ships and ports. However, there is still inadequate research effort on the ship–port interface in order to obtain an Integrated Energy Efficiency framework for marine transport operations. In this research, a theoretical concept is generated to measure holistic energy efficiency in shipping operations. The main purpose of this paper is to identify nodes of the integrated ship-port energy efficiency framework and develop a probabilistic approach, which can help to increase energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions for shipping companies. This research generates an application of BBNs on ship–port interface regarding the integrated operational energy efficiency interactions by aiming to optimise holistic operational energy efficiency and CO2 emissions. The outcomes suggest that it would be possible to increase the probability of a more energy efficient and sustainable marine transport operation by integrating the influences of port and ship operation performances and their elements on the related route planning and slow steaming decision-making.     

世界主要区域港口国检查组织实施情况

港口国检查(port state control,简称PSC)制度实施近20年来,其依据不断变化,已经生效和即将生效的公约修正案不断对船舶应对PSC检查带来了新的挑战,PSC政策研究应该是一个持续的过程。通过对五个主要区域港口国检查组织近两年实施PSC检查的情况进行统计分析,展示了PSC实施过程中各地区的差异性,为各航运公司更好地应对PSC检查提供了新的参考依据,同时,根据我国船舶应对PSC检查的现状提出针对性的措施。为确保我国船舶顺利通过检查,对船舶检查具有重要的指导意义。     

Complexity theory applied to management of shipping companies

Theory of complexity , in the author's opinion, describes life better than the hitherto available theories, as it deals more effectively with dynamic, non-linear and cyclical phenomena. The author will here attempt the application of the theory of complexity to the management of shipping companies , especially those of Greek management style. This paper will also deal with the relationship of competition in shipping. The question that will be put and answered is whether a firm should be a hierarchical, inflexible structure, ordered from above. If, however, a company is seen as a self-organized emerging order, then a new approach must be adopted, i.e. that of complexity theory. The choice of the above combination is because a shipping environment is indeed unpredictable, volatile, cyclical and international, as well as complex. It is believed that this new theory can yield a new, more pragmatic, insight into the way shipping companies and ships should be managed. The innovative element of this work is that it will be the first time internationally (except for the work of Li and Parsons [1]) that the theory of complexity will be applied to shipping. In addition, no previous attempts have been made to apply this theory to management of shipping companies.     

PLC在船舶锅炉控制系统中的应用

本文介绍了可编程序控制器(PLC)在船舶锅炉控制系统中的应用。针对目前船舶锅炉的现状,采用可编程序控制器(PLC)对船舶锅炉系统进行设计与改进,并给出了系统部分硬件组成和软件流程图。     

The passenger vessel services act and America's cruise tourism industry

The Passenger Vessel Services Act (PVSA) of 1886, a cabotage law, attempts to shield U.S. maritime shipping from foreign competition. It also applies to the U.S. cruise ship industry. The PVSA requires foreign cruise ships that carry passengers between U.S. ports to also stop at foreign ports. Norwegian Cruise Line America (NCLA), which operates one U.S. flagged cruise ship in Hawaii, wants the U.S. Customs and Border Protection to require foreign cruise ships offering Hawaii itineraries from the U.S. west coast to spend more time in foreign ports. We analyze the merits of NCLA's proposal. We argue that rather than making the PVSA even more protectionist, the law should be repealed.     

三峡船闸通过能力分析

采用结构化和对比方法,基于三峡船闸运行统计数据,测算了今后5年三峡船闸通过能力,对提高通过能力措施的可行性进行了分析,指出继续通过船舶大型化提高船闸通过能力的潜力有限,三峡船闸通过能力将逐渐饱和,难以满足快速增长的过坝运输需求.建议优化标准船型系列,同时尽快开展新建通航设施的研究论证.