深大基坑施工变形的智能预测与控制

利用神经网络和模糊控制理论,采用智能预测控制的思想,建立了一套集基坑施工变形预测与控制于一体的智能化施工变形预测与控制系统。该系统由神经网络预测器和模糊控制器组成,所提出的神经网络多步预测,采用了时间窗口滚动技术,实现了基坑施工全过程的滚动预测,可以一次预测多步施工的变形而达到早调整基坑施工参数完成变形控制的目的。在此基础上,采用模糊理论研制了基坑施工变形的模糊控制器,实现了施工过程的实时主动控制。在MATLAB5．2平台的主持下,成功开发了便于实际工种使用的基坑施工变形的智能化预测控制软件系统。通过上海市某深大基抗工程的施工实例分析,验证了上述研究的可行性和正确性。实际应用结果表明,该智能预测控制系统对深大基坑的完全施工过程具有很好的预测和控制效果,真正做到了施工过程的实时、动态、智能化变形控制。软件系统操作界面简单、直观,便于实际工程应用。     

浅谈深圳地铁2222标盾构法施工风险及质量控制措施

深圳地铁2号线东延线2222标侨香站—香蜜站区间、香蜜站—香梅北站区间采用盾构法施工,施工中克服了全断面硬岩地层、上软下硬地层、下穿建筑物、空推段施工等技术难题,于2010年9月10日实现了全线贯通。文章针对本标段内两个盾构区间隧道施工风险及质量控制的重点和难点,从工程施工管理上提出了具体的控制要求,并介绍了本标段盾构施工风险控制达到的效果。     

浅谈控制图在工程项目中的应用

统计质量技术诞生于20世纪20年代。本文采用质量控制的统计分析方法中控制图的方法使自拌混凝土质量处于受控状态。这样不仅可以整体了解混凝土质量状况,而且可以解释施工中出现的异常现象,从而采取措施加以控制。     

平行褶皱构造对隧道围岩变形的影响研究

岩层受力弯曲变形形成褶皱构造,隧道穿越褶皱地质构造时,在复杂地质构造及地应力条件影响下,隧道围岩容易发生变形破坏,影响隧道的稳定性。针对隧道在平行于褶皱轴线穿越平行褶皱构造地质时的围岩变形问题,文章采用有限差分法并结合实际工程中褶皱构造的隧道围岩进行了数值模拟计算,探究了隧道围岩的变形规律,提出了控制围岩变形的思路。结果表明,隧道在平行于褶皱轴线穿越平行褶皱构造时,拱顶及仰拱部分更容易发生变形破坏,且主要集中在软弱岩层部分及软硬岩层分界面处,具体为向斜类型的软弱岩层上分界面和背斜类型的软弱岩层下分界面处,因此可考虑采用加强拱顶及仰拱围岩的位移控制,加固处理平行褶皱构造中的软弱岩层部分来减小隧道围岩变形的控制思路。     

多级票价下高速铁路列车嵌套票额控制方法

我国高速铁路运力的大幅提升有效缓解了一票难求的现象，但也带来部分列车上座率不佳的问题。采用多等级票价来吸引更多购票需求，可以减少运力浪费并提高售票收益。本文重点研究多等级票价体系下高速铁路列车席位控制方式、票额方案及售票过程。通过分析收益管理存量控制方式的控制机制和主要特点，提出适用于多等级票价体系的列车票额嵌套控制方式。在此基础上，构建多等级票价下的票额分配模型以及基于价格等级的嵌套票额生成方法。进一步，研究嵌套控制方式下购票请求的处理逻辑及嵌套票额的更新过程。通过仿真对比测试，相比传统的分割式控制方式，嵌套式控制平均提高了3.9%的票款收入，证明了嵌套票额控制对于多等级票价体系的适配性与有效性。     

模块化UPS电源系统在上海轨道交通工程中的应用

针对轨道交通UPS电源系统存在的问题,通过对该系统的整体设计,并采用模块化UPS、智能化配电管理及磷酸铁锂电池与UPS一体化控制等核心技术,开发了一款智能化、一体化,适用于轨道交通的模块化UPS电源系统。介绍了模块化UPS电源系统的设计方案,包括工作原理、系统构成、功能等;并介绍了在上海轨道交通东宝兴路控制中心的试点应用情况。     

重庆嘉陵江复线桥主桥箱梁悬臂施工线形控制

文中主要介绍了三向预应力连续刚构的线形的影响因素、控制、实际操作方法以及线形控制采用灰色系统理论预测法的理论模型建立。本桥采用成桥目标曲线和运营目标曲线作为施工过程中的线形控制，此理论在国内类似桥梁施工属首例。     

基于半车模型的ABS滑模变结构控制仿真研究

由于汽车轮胎动力学的非线性,对防抱死制动系统采用了滑模变结构控制方法进行控制,滑模控制能较好地解决非线性系统的控制问题,但其固有的抖动会影响控制效果。文章介绍采用一种基于指数趋近律的滑模控制方法,针对两轮车辆的防抱死制动系统设计了滑模控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink里进行了仿真。仿真结果表明了该策略的可行性和有效性,并且能较好的抑制控制系统的抖动现象。     

公路工程项目设计阶段的造价控制

公路工程造价控制贯穿于项目建设的全过程,而设计阶段是控制工程造价的关键环节,设计过程中要从组织、技术、经济等方面采取措施,把工程造价控制在合理的范围内,提高工程的投资效益。本文结合福州市琅岐闽江大桥及接线工程实例就公路工程设计阶段工程造价控制进行了探讨。     

浅谈项目设计阶段工程造价的控制

工程造价控制贯穿于项目建设全过程,而在设计阶段的工程造价控制是整个工程造价控制的龙头。项目设计阶段通过推行限额设计、优化设计方案、提高造价人员的综合素质等措施,合理确定与控制工程造价。     

Hierarchical control strategies for energy management of connected hybrid electric vehicles in urban roads

This paper presents a fuel efficient control strategy for a group of connected hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in urban road conditions. A hierarchical control architecture is proposed in this paper for every HEV, where the higher level and the lower level controller share information with each other and solve two different problems that aim at improving its fuel efficiency. The higher level controller of each HEV is considered to utilize traffic light information, through vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, and state information of the vehicles in its near neighborhood, via vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication. Apart from that, the higher level controller of each HEV uses the recuperation information from the lower level controller and provides it the optimal velocity profile by solving its problem in a model predictive control framework. Each lower level controller uses adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for following their velocity profiles, obtained from the higher level controller, in a fuel efficient manner. In this paper, the vehicles are modeled in Autonomie software and the simulation results are provided in the paper that shows the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture.     

Development a new power management strategy for power split hybrid electric vehicles

Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and fuel consumption as one of the main goals of automotive industry leading to the development hybrid vehicles. The objective of this paper is to investigate the energy management system and control strategies effect on fuel consumption, air pollution and performance of hybrid vehicles in various driving cycles. In order to simulate the hybrid vehicle, the combined feedback–feedforward architecture of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on Toyota Prius configuration is modeled, together with necessary dynamic features of subsystem or components in ADVISOR. Multi input fuzzy logic controller developed for energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with contrast to conventional Toyota Prius Hybrid rule-based controller. Then, effects of battery’s initial state of charge, driving cycles and road grade investigated on hybrid vehicle performance to evaluate fuel consumption and pollution emissions. The simulation results represent the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy. Also, results indicate that proposed controller is reduced fuel consumption in real and modal driving cycles about 21% and 6% respectively.     

Optimally combined headway and timetable reliable public transport system

This paper presents a model-based multiobjective control strategy to reduce bus bunching and hence improve public transport reliability. Our goal is twofold. First, we define a proper model, consisting of multiple static and dynamic components. Bus-following model captures the longitudinal dynamics taking into account the interaction with the surrounding traffic. Furthermore, bus stop operations are modeled to estimate dwell time. Second, a shrinking horizon model predictive controller (MPC) is proposed for solving bus bunching problems. The model is able to predict short time-space behavior of public transport buses enabling constrained, finite horizon, optimal control solution to ensure homogeneity of service both in time and space. In this line, the goal with the selected rolling horizon control scheme is to choose a proper velocity profile for the public transport bus such that it keeps both timetable schedule and a desired headway from the bus in front of it (leading bus). The control strategy predicts the arrival time at a bus stop using a passenger arrival and dwell time model. In this vein, the receding horizon model predictive controller calculates an optimal velocity profile based on its current position and desired arrival time. Four different weighting strategies are proposed to test (i) timetable only, (ii) headway only, (iii) balanced timetable - headway tracking and (iv) adaptive control with varying weights. The controller is tested in a high fidelity traffic simulator with realistic scenarios. The behavior of the system is analyzed by considering extreme disturbances. Finally, the existence of a Pareto front between these two objectives is also demonstrated.     

Infrastructure assisted adaptive driving to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings

Literature has shown potentials of Connected/Cooperative Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in improving highway operations, especially on roadway capacity and flow stability. However, benefits were also shown to be negligible at low market penetration rates. This work develops a novel adaptive driving strategy for CAVs to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings by controlling one CAV under vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Assumed is a roadside system with V2I communications, which receives control parameters of the CAV in the string and estimates parameters imperfectly of non-connected automated vehicles. It determines the adaptive control parameters (e.g. desired time gap and feedback gains) of the CAV if a downstream disturbance is identified and sends them to the CAV. The CAV changes its behaviour based on the adaptive parameters commanded by the roadside system to suppress the disturbance.The proposed adaptive driving strategy is based on string stability analysis of heterogeneous vehicle strings. To this end, linearised vehicle dynamics model and control law are used in the controller parametrisation and Laplace transform of the speed and gap error dynamics in time domain to frequency domain enables the determination of sufficient string stability criteria of heterogeneous strings. The analytical string stability conditions give new insights into automated vehicular string stability properties in relation to the system properties of time delays and controller design parameters of feedback gains and desired time gap. It further allows the quantification of a stability margin, which is subsequently used to adapt the feedback control gains and desired time gap of the CAV to suppress the amplification of gap and speed errors through the string.Analytical results are verified via systematic simulation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous strings. Simulation demonstrates the predictive power of the analytical string stability conditions. The performance of the adaptive driving strategy under V2I cooperation is tested in simulation. Results show that even the estimation of control parameters of non-connected automated vehicles are imperfect and there is mismatch between the model used in analytical derivation and that in simulation, the proposed adaptive driving strategy suppresses disturbances in a wide range of situations.     

多泵并联管道中调节阀控制流量平衡系统的应用

通过调节阀控制多泵并联管道中各泵输出流量平衡是一种简便易行的流量平衡调节方式。文中对多泵并联管道中调节阀控制流量平衡的工作原理以及控制系统的组成等进行介绍,并结合陕西神渭输煤管道工程中实际应用情况,对调节阀的性能曲线进行校核标定,同时,在多泵并联条件下对调节阀控制流量平衡系统的设备配置和控制效果进行了介绍,最终建立了一套完善的流量平衡控制系统。     

管道瞬变流动主动控制策略研究综述

管道瞬变流动控制策略可采用主动控制及被动控制两种方案,综述了包括阀门程控法、最优化方法以及最优控制方法等在内的主动控制策略实现方法及其研究进展。目前,主动控制策略主要应用于简单短管道、简单水力管网等距离较短的系统,它在油气长距离管道输送的运行与控制领域具有广阔应用前景。     

MOKVELD轴流式控制阀的特点及常见问题处理

川气东送天然气输气站场采用控制阀对下游用户用气压力和流量进行控制和调节,其阀门类型为轴流式活塞型控制阀,根据下游用户用气压力的高低、用气量的多少专门进行压力调节和流量调节。介绍了川气东送站场调压系统、MOKVELD控制阀的特性及控制原理、TZIDC-200智能定位器的特性、参数的设定以及MOKVELD控制阀日常运行中的问题处理等,对平稳供气及阀门的日常维护保养具有重要的作用。     

Rolling horizon stochastic optimal control strategy for ACC and CACC under uncertainty

This paper presents a rolling horizon stochastic optimal control strategy for both Adaptive Cruise Control and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control under uncertainty based on the constant time gap policy. Specifically, uncertainties that can arise in vehicle control systems and vehicle sensor measurements are represented as normally-distributed disturbances to state and measurement equations in a state-space formulation. Then, acceleration sequence of a controlled vehicle is determined by optimizing an objective function that captures control efficiency and driving comfort over a predictive horizon, constrained by bounded acceleration/deceleration and collision protection. The optimization problem is formulated as a linearly constrained linear quadratic Gaussian problem and solved using a separation principle, Lagrangian relaxation, and Kalman filter. A sensitivity analysis and a scenario-based analysis via simulations demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can generate smoother vehicle control and perform better than a deterministic feedback controller, particularly under small system disturbances and large measurement disturbances.     

A hybrid model predictive control for traffic flow stabilization and pollution reduction of freeways

In this work a control system is developed and analyzed for the suppression of moving jamwaves and the reduction of pollutant concentrations near motorways. The system is based on the second-order macroscopic freeway traffic model METANET, joined by an emission dispersion model, introduced in a previous work of the authors. For the control tasks dedicated controllers are designed, both using the nonlinear model predictive control method. The control objectives require a distinction in the utilized control measures, thus different controllers are designed and used in predefined control modes. The first mode of the controller is responsible for keeping pollutant concentrations below prescribed limits under stable conditions. The second mode of the controller is working in case of a shockwave threat, aiming for traffic stabilization. Between the control modes switching is based on an appropriate rule set that satisfies the stability of the controlled system. The hybrid controller structure is realized by a finite automata. A complex case study is presented for the evaluation of the suggested controller.