Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation of Subcritical Flow past Generic Side Mirror

In the present study, the subcritical flow past a generic side mirror on a base plane is investigated at the Reynolds number of 5.2 × 10~5 using delayed detached eddy simulation(DDES) turbulence model. Asides from the capability of capturing main features of the large recirculation vortex in the wake of the side mirror and the front horseshoe vortex, the accuracy of DDES estimation of recirculation length is significantly increased by over20%, compared to the detached eddy simulation(DES) estimation using the same grid. And DDES prediction of pressure coefficient at the trailing edge of the mirror is in good agreement with the experiments, which is more accurate than both DES and large eddy simulation(LES) results. The results verify the capacity of DDES turbulence model to solve the turbulent flow around the side mirror. This is a key foundation for possible future study of full simulation of external flow field of vehicle.     

The Tip Leakage Flow Structure of an Axial Fan with Tip Clearance

Experiment and numerical simulation technique are used to investigate the tip leakage flow in an axial fan with tip clearance at the design condition. The flow field in the tip region of fan is measured using a PDA (Particle Dynamics Analysis) system. The flow is surveyed across the whole passage at fifteen axial locations (from the 100% axial chord in front of the leading edge to the 100% axial chord behind the trailing edge), mainly focusing on the outer 90% blade span. Both experiment measurement and numerical simulation indicates the leakage flow orig-inated from the tip clearance along the chord rolls-up into three-dimensional spiral structure to form leakage flow vortex. The interaction of leakage flow and main flow will produce the low velocity zone, and block the flow. The leakage flow almost occupies the most part of flow passage behind the trailing edge.     

Experimental study on the liquid slug of cryogenic slug flow in inclined tubes

An experimental study was carried out to understand the phenomena of the boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in inclined tubes with closed bottom by using a high speed motion analyzer.The experimental tubes are 0.018 and 0.014 m inner diameter(ID) and 1.0 m in length.The range of the inclination angle is 45°-90° from the horizontal.The experimental observation on the liquid slug was carried out along the tubes.Statistical method was employed to analyze the experimental data.The experiment analyzed the influences of the inclination angle and the tube diameter on the liquid slug length and velocity.The results show the liquid slug propagation velocity increases with the decrease of inclination angle θ.For all cases,the maximum values of the mean liquid slug lengths were obtained at θ = 60°.The mean liquid slug lengths were greater for large tube at higher tube position.These conclusions provide a basis for further study liquid slug of cryogenic two-phase undeveloped slug flow.     

Numerical Analysis of the Settlement of Composite Foundation Reinforced with Crushed Stone Grouting Pile and Rigid Bearing Plate

This paper deals with a new type of crushed stone grouting pile with a rigid bearing plate.The load transfer characteristics were analyzed,and a settlement model of the composite foundation reinforced with crushed stone grouting pile and rigid bearing plate was built by FEM program.The effects of replacement ratio of capping plate,replacement ratio of pile,replacement ratio of grout diffusion zone,pilesoil modulus ratio,and seroussoil modulus ratio,on the composite foundation settlement were discussed.It is...     

Propagation characteristics of elastic wave in layered medium and applications of impact imaging method

It is an important subject to probe the structure in the medium by various kinds of detection methods in the geotechnical engineering. Based on the propagation theory of elastic wave in half-space layered medium, the propagation characteristics of elastic wave in layered medium with different elastic parameters are discussed using dynamic analysis of finite element method. It is known that the S-wave velocity, density and thickness of layer are related to the properties of the elastic wave including waveform characteristics, spectral characteristics and time-frequency characteristics. We pay special attention to the structure with low velocity interlayer. The impact imaging method is applied to the grouting construction of the immersed tube tunnel. Data acquisition and analytical method are introduced in detail. The grouting effects can be qualitatively evaluated by comparing the characteristics of elastic wave before grouting with those after grouting. Finally, a quantitative evaluation is obtained according to the relationship between energy response of elastic wave and impedance ratio.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL UNSTEADY COLD FLOW IN MPC EXHAUST MANIFOLD

IntroductionIt is obvious that the gas flow in the exhaustmanifolds,especially at the conjunctions has amulti- dimensional characteristic[1] .The study onthis characteristic is very important for the uti-lization of exhaustenergy and the decrease of ex-haust pumping loss.In this paper,the measure-ment of cold flow has been carried out to studythe multi- dimensional phenomena of unsteadyflow in the exhaust manifolds.In order to em-phasis the important characteristics of the flowand reduce the a…     

A New Full Bridge High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Power System with Harmonic Cancellation

The feasibility of a new full bridge high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) amplifier system with harmonic cancellation is evaluated in this study. Harmonic cancellation technique is applied to these power amplifiers, which can eliminate the 3rd harmonic and all even harmonics. Since this technique requires two channels of phase signal to control one channel of power amplifier, the signal generator is required to double its output. The transducer array proposed in this study has 100 elements. So we choose an FPGA chip to generate 200 driving signals, and each channel has a phase resolution of 2ns, less than 1°. The phase signal from the FPGA meets the requirement of driving the power amplifiers. The output waveform of one channel of power amplifier(voltage across the transducer) is evaluated, and shows fewer harmonic components.     

Identification of hydrodynamic forces on a flexible pipe near plane boundary subjected to vortex-induced vibrations

Formally,use of system identification techniques to estimate the forces acting on the beam may give information on hydrodynamic forces due to vortex-induced vibrations(VIVs),but no results from such attempts for submarine pipeline spans have been reported.In this study,a pipe model with a mass ratio(mass/displaced mass) of 2.62 is tested in a current tank.The gap ratios(gap to pipe diameter ratio) at the pipe ends are 2.0,4.0, 6.0 and 8.0.The response of the model is measured using optical fiber strain gauges.A modal approach linked to a finite element method is used to estimate the hydrodynamic forces from measurement.The hydrodynamic force at the dominant response frequency is the major concern,and the lift force and added mass coefficients are calculated.Response calculations are performed using force coefficients from the inverse force analysis and the calculated results are in accordance with the experimental data.     

Numerical evaluation of land subsidence induced by dewatering in deep foundation pit

To predict the behavior of land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal, a 3D numerical model is established. The model takes the confined aquifer and soft deposit of Ningbo into account. According to the pumping test data, changing regulations of groundwater level, and land subsidence during dewatering are analyzed. Comparison between the calculated value and measured value shows that the 3D model simulates the measured value fairly well. The future behavior of land subsidence during dewatering period provides the scientific basis for the construction of deep foundation.     

Numerical Study of Quasi-Static Crack Growth Problems Based on Extended Finite Element Method

The extended finite element method（XFEM） is a numerical method for modeling discontinuities within a classical finite element framework. Based on the algorithm of XFEM, the major factors such as integral domain factor and mesh density which all influence the calculation accuracy of stress intensity factor（SIF） are discussed,and the proper parameters to calculate the SIF are given. The results from the case analysis demonstrate that the crack path is the most sensitive to the crack growth increment size, and the crack path is not mesh-sensitive. A reanalysis method for the XFEM has been introduced. The example presented shows that there is a significantly reduced computational cost for each iteration of crack growth achieved by using the reanalysis method and the reanalysis approach has increasing benefits as the mesh density increases or the value of crack growth increments size decreases.     

基于驱替效应的盾构壁后注浆微观模型分析

当盾构隧道位于水位线以下时,为了分析壁后注浆浆液驱动地下水体过程,基于毛细管组渗透理论,将浆液的渗流路径概化为毛细管,考虑牛顿流体浆液驱动地下水(牛顿流体)进行扩散,推导了半球形及柱形模型浆液渗流扩散半径计算式,并讨论了注浆压力、浆液水灰比、地层渗透系数的影响.研究结果表明:浆液扩散半径主要与注浆压力、渗透率、注浆时间...     

非均质软弱围岩隧道注浆加固圈分布特性

基于随机分布理论和流-固耦合理论, 考虑注浆过程中围岩物性参数的动态变化和浆液黏度时变性, 推导了流-固耦合作用下非均质软弱围岩的浆液扩散方程, 并运用多场耦合软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立了小导管注浆浆液在非均质软弱围岩中的扩散模型, 系统研究了注浆参数与小导管布设等对浆液扩散与注浆加固圈形成的影响。研究结果表明: 浆液在非均质软弱围岩内以类椭圆形向四周扩散, 扩散形态随注浆压力、注浆时间与围岩参数等动态变化而不断变化, 最终趋于稳定; 在注浆过程中, 增大注浆压力和延长注浆时间在一定程度上可提高浆液的渗透能力并改善围岩的渗透性, 而适当的增大小导管布设长度或减小导管布设角度有利于注浆加固圈的形成; 为达到最优注浆效果, 洞头山隧道小导管预注浆加固压力宜设为1 MPa, 注浆时间宜控制在400 s, 小导管布设角度不宜小于30°, 布设长度应大于2.5 m; 经现场监测验证, 隧道围岩28 d抗压强度提高至2 MPa, 围岩渗透系数降至10-5 cm·s-1, 后续台阶法施工开挖拱顶沉降均小于3 cm, 围岩整体性和连续性得了显著提高。      

桩端压浆技术在钻孔灌注桩基施工中的应用

桩端压浆技术克服了传统钻孔灌注桩的不足,使桩的承载力提高、沉降量减小。通过工程实例。从注浆机理、施工参数（压浆量、压浆压力、浆液配制、压浆时间）、施工工序等方面介绍了桩端压浆技术在天津地区的应用。实践表明桩端压浆技术能大幅提高钻孔灌注桩的承载效益,但还需不断完善施工工艺。     

刍议预应力桥梁孔道压浆的质量控制

预应力桥梁孔道压浆的质量决定预应力桥梁结构的耐久性和稳定性,本文从施工的实际情况出发,对孔道压浆的质量通病进行了分析,提出了对水泥浆配合比设计的进一步更新和真空吸浆设备的改进措施,保证孔道压浆的质量,从而使水泥浆在孔道中固结后更加饱满密实。     

丰源河大桥现浇箱梁塑料波纹管道真空辅助压浆技术

结合丹海高速公路丰源河大桥现浇箱梁的施工,介绍了真空辅助压浆的原理、优点、浆体配合比的组成以及真空辅助压浆技术的工艺流程等,为今后现浇箱梁长大管道的压浆提供了很好的参考。     

盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液毛细管渗透扩散模型

为探讨盾尾注浆扩散半径及管片所受注浆压力的计算方法,将浆液的扩散过程简化为其在土体中大量孔径不均匀的毛细管中的渗流运动,建立了浆液渗透扩散力学模型.基于柱面扩散理论,假定浆液为宾汉姆流体,引入等效孔隙率替代土体初始孔隙率,通过模拟浆液在单个毛细管中的渗透过程,得到了考虑浆液时效性的浆液扩散半径和管片所受浆液总压力的计算式.结合具体实例,讨论了浆液扩散半径、注浆对管片产生的压力与注浆压力和注浆时间的关系.分析结果表明:其他注浆参数相同时,在不同注浆压力和不同注浆时间条件下,浆液对管片产生的压力的增长速率均大于浆液扩散半径的增长速率;当盾尾建筑间隙影响厚度和土体等效孔隙率不变时,浆液流动锋面上毛细管总面积与浆液扩散半径成正比.      

大直径泥水盾构复合地层速凝浆液的同步注入技术

在大直径泥水盾构施工中,由于大断面隧道所承受的浮力大和泥水对浆液的稀释及通过富水复合地层等不利条件,同步注浆效果大受影响.本文结合正在施工的盾构隧道施工情况进行研究分析,通过对盾构原有注浆设备和管路优化改造,由传统的同步注入单液水泥砂浆改造为同步注入复合浆液,达到了同步注入速凝浆液的目的,并通过在施工中加强过程控制和采取辅助措施,解决了因同步注浆效果差造成的管片上浮及开裂等技术难题,取得了很好的效果.     

真空灌浆在融侨大道螺旋桥上的应用

根据目前工程实践来看,后张法预应力砼构件采用普通方法灌浆,很难达到灌浆密实、浆体饱满的效果,而采用真空灌浆技术则可有效提高灌浆质量.使浆体饱满密实,更好地保护钢筋免遭锈蚀,从而提高预应力构件的耐久性.真空灌浆技术是后张法预应力砼结构施工中的一项新技术,近年来在国内外工程施工中不断得到应用,并取得良好效果.本文根据重庆融桥大道螺旋桥的施工情况,介绍了真空灌浆技术及施工工艺.     

锚固注浆体性能试验研究

水泥基注浆体广泛地应用于锚固工程中,其物理力学特性是锚固体系优化设计的关键参数,当今所有的锚固规范仅对注浆体的水泥标号及抗压强度等级作了相应规定,有关注浆体方面的研究还较少。因此,在广泛调研实体工程所使用的注浆体的情况下,设计11种不同配合比的注浆体,分别测试各自的物理力学性能,采用室内抗拔试验研究其对锚固性能的影响。结果表明:降低注浆体的水灰比对提高岩锚的极限抗拔荷载的效率较低,而在注浆体中掺入适量的砂可以提高注浆体的抗拉强度、弹性模量及剪切模量,增强岩锚的界面黏结强度及锚固刚度,从而显著改善岩锚的锚固性能。     

大型沉管隧道水下基础注浆试验平台的开发

基于我国北方首座沉管隧道天津市滨海新区中央大道海河隧道工程,自主研发了“大型沉管隧道水下基础注浆试验平台”,试验平台由灌浆装置平台（即钢筋混凝土平台）、大型试验水池和浆液观察窗等三部分组成,以实地模拟沉管隧道工程基础处理即水下注浆工艺过程。通过试验平台验证了浆液的可泵性、流动性、和易性、缓凝性以及强度等重要性能指标,确定了浆液最佳配比,确保了该隧道基础注浆工艺的合理与可靠性。