交通运输行业相关物流标准体系框架研究

交通运输是物流业的主体和重要基础,是物流链中必不可少的重要环节,从现代物流业的角度研究建立交通运输标准体系,将有效促进交通运输行业更好地服务于现代物流业,保障物流运输的安全快捷。本文在对交通运输行业物流发展的现状进行大量调查研究,确定交通运输行业物流标准的明确范畴后,通过对标准现状进行详细的梳理和分析,并从物流链的角度出发,按照交通运输行业物流活动要素和性质,建立了交通运输行业相关物流标准体系框架。论文最后总结了标准体系的特点,并对标准化工作提出了建议。     

交通运输战略规划体系构建探析

我国交通运输行业多年来开展了大量战略、规划实践,但与建设交通强国系统工程的要求相比,战略规划体系建设工作仍显任重而道远。本文考虑到建设交通强国的时代背景,通过理论与实践相结合,综合借鉴国外经验与国内实践进行研究,总结了交通运输业战略规划体系现状特点,提出了交通运输业战略规划实践中存在的主要问题,分析了新时期、新形势下交通运输战略和规划体系的新要求,阐释构建战略和规划体系的基本原则以及总体思路,提出交通运输战略、规划体系框架及政策建议。     

交通运输行业环保与节能标准体系制定的思路与结构

我国交通运输行业环境保护与节能减排领域的标准化工作起步较早但成绩不显著,为促使相关标准科学有序、快速合理地编制完成,明确下一步工作重点和发展方向,需要研究制定交通运输环保与节能标准体系。本文介绍了研究背景,分析了国内外相关标准化的现状,提出了体系框架确定的思路,制定了交通运输环保与节能标准体系,为今后的相关标准化工作提供理论支持。     

构建长江经济带综合交通运输体系

长江经济带建设是国家战略,推动长江经济带发展必须依托黄金水道完善现代综合交通运输体系,充分发挥交通运输的基础保障和先导作用。本文在全面总结长江经济带综合交通运输体系发展现状的基础上,结合国际国内新形势对交通运输的要求,提出了以黄金水道为主轴构建长江经济带综合交通运输体系的基本思路、总体目标和主要任务。     

山东省交通运输现代化目标体系的构建

先对“现代化”的含义进行了探索，然后根据“交通现代化在本质上是和现代化的社会经济相适应的交通”这一思路，锁定2010年这一时间断点，通过多种数学方法逐个进行计算、并结合定性分析和专家咨询加以认定，推出了“山东省交通运输现代化目标体系”。     

交通运输行业环保与节能标准体系制定的思路与结构研究

我国的交通运输行业呈逐步向上发展的趋势,但交通运输行业环保与节能减排的发展行业的实际需求仍有较大的差距,表现出相对的滞后性,面对行业发展的各类环境问题,本文针对现阶段交通运输行业环保与节能工作的开展状况,创建切实可行的标准体系,提出其标准体系建设思路,再阐述具体结构,进一步明确未来发展方向,以期给同行提供参考。     

道路车辆清障救援服务标准体系研究

道路车辆清障救援服务是保障道路运输安全畅通的重要组成部分,是道路交通安全保障失效情况下的一种补救措施。文中阐述了国内外道路车辆清障救援行业现状,分析了我国道路清障救援行业存在的问题。在此基础上,提出了道路车辆清障救援服务标准体系架构,以促进我国清障救援社会化、规范化、专业化、市场化。     

论我国交通运输政策的框架设计与未来走势

<正>交通运输是一国经济发展和社会进步重要基础性产业,交通运输系统的基础性、先导性、准公共性、规模经济、范围经济以及社会公益性等属性特征,决定了交通运输业的发展必须充分发挥政府和市场的作用。纵观发达国家交通运输发展的实践经验,作为政府引导、规制交通发展的重要因素——交通政策对于交通运输有序发展发挥着至关重要的作用。随着我国市场经济的逐步完善,未来交通运输业的健康发展也将更多地依赖于交通政策的手段来调节引导,因此,从政策的科学性、系统性角度出发,进行交通运输政策的总体架构设计,形成一套系统完整的交通运输政策,来指导我国整个综合交通体系的发展,不仅十分迫切而且意义重大。     

四川省构建现代综合交通运输体系战略研究

论文结合四川交通运输发展现状,分析了存在的主要问题,根据经济社会发展对交通运输的新要求,研究了四川省现代综合交通运输体系的内涵特征,提出了由"一个网络(综合交通运输基础设施网络),两个系统(人本化客运服务系统、物流化货运服务系统),三个平台(综合交通运输信息服务平台、安全保障平台、行业管理平台)"构成的体系构架,同时研究提出了构建现代综合交通运输体系的发展目标、发展路径和发展任务,并提出相关建议措施。     

构建完善的现代交通运输体系

目前,交通运输已经进入结构优化、网络衔接和运输一体化的集约发展新阶段,交通运输的发展已经受到广泛的关注。“十二五”时期是贵州交通运输加快转变发展方式、从传统产业向现代交通运输业转型的重要时期。交通运输对促进国民经济发展和人民生活质量的提升具有十分重要的推动作用。因此“十二五”期间交通运输规划的确定对贵州的发展至关重要。     

Modelling and simulation of transportation system effectiveness to reduce traffic congestion: a system dynamics framework

ABSTRACT

This paper is designed to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of transportation systems and reduce traffic congestion through the use of simulation models and scenario development. A system dynamics framework is used to test and evaluate the alternatives of future strategies for the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. Some factors affecting the effectiveness of transport systems include operational effectiveness and service effectiveness, as well as uncertainty. To improve the effectiveness of transportation systems, several strategies can be implemented, such as subsidizing public transportation, increasing the cost of private vehicle parking fees, raising taxes on private vehicles, and reducing delays in public transportation through scenario development. Scenario results show that, by pursuing these strategies, effectiveness could be improved by 80% as the impact of the increase in operational and service effectiveness, helping to mitigate traffic congestion. Congestion could be reduced to 70% (on average) due to the decrease in daily traffic.     

A cognitive framework to plan for the future of transportation

ABSTRACT

Automated, connected, electrified, and shared mobility will be cornerstones of the transportation future. Research to quantify the potential benefits and drawbacks of practice, and to identify barriers to adoption, is the first step in any strategic plan for their adoption. However, uncertainties, complexity, interdependence, and the multidisciplinary nature of emerging transportation technologies make it difficult to organize and identify focused research. The contribution of this work is a cognitive framework to help planners and policymakers organize broad topics, reveal challenges, discover ideas for solutions, quantify potential impacts, and identify implications to guide preparation strategies. The authors provide example cognitive frameworks for connected, automated, and electrified vehicles.     

A two-dimensional framework for the understanding of transportation planning models

This article puts forward the view that, for each transportation planning or management problem, there is a particular way to simultaneously define the multiple levels of procedures useful for the problem and set it in its proper perspective, the latter essentially by the identification of what is exogenous and endogenous to the problem at hand. The joint determination of these levels and of the exogenous/endogenous mix defines the two-dimensional frame of each problem. To develop our view, we extend our previous conceptual framework to include, in the first dimension, an activity location procedure, and to distinguish, in the second dimension, between operational, tactical, and strategic perspectives. We conclude by relativising the use of solution techniques by making them ancillary to the situation planning requirements.     

A framework for evaluating the dynamic impacts of a congestion pricing policy for a transportation socioeconomic system

This paper provides a modeling framework based on the system dynamics approach by which policy makers can understand the dynamic and complex nature of traffic congestion within a transportation socioeconomic system representation of a metropolitan area. This framework offers policy makers an assessment platform that focuses on the short- and long-term system behaviors arising from an area-wide congestion pricing policy along with other congestion mitigation policies. Since only a few cities in the world have implemented congestion pricing and several are about to do so, a framework that helps policy makers to understand the impacts of congestion pricing is currently quite relevant. Within this framework, improved bus and metro capacities contribute to the supply dynamics which in turn affect the travel demand of individuals and their choice of different transportation modes. Work travel and social networking activities are assumed to generate additional travel demand dynamics that are affected by travelers’ perception of the level of service of the different transportation modes, their perception of the congestion level, and the associated traveling costs. It is assumed that the, population, tourism and employment growth are exogenous factors that affect demand. Furthermore, this paper builds on a previously formulated approach where fuzzy logic concepts are used to represent linguistic variables assumed to describe consumer perceptions about transportation conditions.     

Exploring transportation equity: Development and application of a transportation justice framework

Recent efforts to emphasize social equity in transportation are emerging as local, regional and national governments have set initiatives to identify, existing and potential, disproportionate impacts to low-income and minority populations, also referred to as transportation justice (TJ). Currently, there are suggested methods for identifying transportation justice areas; however, there is no streamlined method instituted across transportation agencies. Each jurisdiction identifies transportation justice (or environmental justice) areas based on their own methodology, typically based on either average regional thresholds, graduated thresholds, or a more unique in-house index methodology. This research explores and evaluates existing methods and develops a rigorous and comprehensive method called the Transportation Justice Threshold Index Framework (TJTIF) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as well as factors based on demographics, socio-economics, and transportation/land use. The framework is applied to a case study region in Pennsylvania reflective of the Marcellus Shale impact area, highlighting Sullivan County, PA. The methodology and the case study application serve as an example for how transportation agencies throughout the country can promote social sustainability and enhance transportation equity.     

Impact of service network topology on air transportation efficiency

Each stakeholder in the air transportation system has a different perspective on the performance efficiency metrics, making analysis of system-wide design options very difficult. This paper uses topological structures of service networks to examine trade-offs between efficiency metrics established around the passenger, airline, and air navigation service provider perspectives. The findings indicate that the scale-free type topologies are preferred under most of the metrics. However, with enough density, random topologies become more appealing with its high robustness feature and performance comparable to scale-free.     

A discrete choice framework for modeling and forecasting the adoption and diffusion of new transportation services

Major technological and infrastructural changes over the next decades, such as the introduction of autonomous vehicles, implementation of mileage-based fees, carsharing and ridesharing are expected to have a profound impact on lifestyles and travel behavior. Current travel demand models are unable to predict long-range trends in travel behavior as they do not entail a mechanism that projects membership and market share of new modes of transport (Uber, Lyft, etc.). We propose integrating discrete choice and technology adoption models to address the aforementioned issue. In order to do so, we build on the formulation of discrete mixture models and specifically Latent Class Choice Models (LCCMs), which were integrated with a network effect model. The network effect model quantifies the impact of the spatial/network effect of the new technology on the utility of adoption. We adopted a confirmatory approach to estimating our dynamic LCCM based on findings from the technology diffusion literature that focus on defining two distinct types of adopters: innovator/early adopters and imitators. LCCMs allow for heterogeneity in the utility of adoption for the various market segments i.e. innovators/early adopters, imitators and non-adopters. We make use of revealed preference (RP) time series data from a one-way carsharing system in a major city in the United States to estimate model parameters. The data entails a complete set of member enrollment for the carsharing service for a time period of 2.5 years after being launched. Consistent with the technology diffusion literature, our model identifies three latent classes whose utility of adoption have a well-defined set of preferences that are significant and behaviorally consistent. The technology adoption model predicts the probability that a certain individual will adopt the service at a certain time period, and is explained by social influences, network effect, socio-demographics and level-of-service attributes. Finally, the model was calibrated and then used to forecast adoption of the carsharing system for potential investment strategy scenarios. A couple of takeaways from the adoption forecasts were: (1) placing a new station/pod for the carsharing system outside a major technology firm induces the highest expected increase in the monthly number of adopters; and (2) no significant difference in the expected number of monthly adopters for the downtown region will exist between having a station or on-street parking.     

Spreading distinctive insignia benefits from mobile service: evidence from a mobile application of transportation

ABSTRACT

Mobile commerce (m-commerce) faces a growing array of client devices for which applications are designed. Applications developed for general consumer use must be compatible with a wide range of devices. This research investigates how perceived usefulness and enjoyment affect intention to use a mobile application service (T-Express). In this study, we formulate a commitment model from the perspective of the social identity and technology acceptance perspective. Empirical data were collected by conducting a field survey of users of T-Express from Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC) stations in Taiwan. The main findings of the study are that wireless technology provides great value to businesses when it allows consumers to access real-time data to make timely decisions that either decrease costs or increase revenues; and to achieve a higher intention to use mobile applications, there should be a clear communication process between mobile application and passenger. Our findings indicate that one of the more overt illustrations of the power of packaging symbolism involves package design strategies that serve to provide a radical new upscale positioning for the THSRC brand.     

Design and evaluation of an integrated inventory and transportation system

This paper proposes the adoption of an integrated inventory and transportation system (IITS) to minimize the total costs of inventory and transportation. A non-linear programing is developed by analyzing transportation and inventory costs with one supplier and many retailers in the distribution environment. The paper compares the proposed model with the traditional approach in computing total costs with numerical data. The results indicate that the total costs can be optimized by adopting integrated programing rather than the traditional approach, along with achieving improved customer service levels. In particular, sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the performance of the IITS under various transportation costs, holding costs and shortage costs. It shows that the transportation cost per unit is most sensitive in the proposed model. In this situation, the IITS is more effective for cost saving when set-up cost, holding and shortage costs are high, but is less effective for situations involving high per-unit transportation costs.     

A hybrid model of fuzzy and AHP for handling public assessments on transportation projects

Having an effective public participation in transportation planning and project development processes has been a major concern for developed countries. In the United States, for instance, all state Departments of Transportation are subject to the Transportation Equity Act (TEA-21) that formally requires public involvement in transportation planning. Since transportation planning involves public resources and values, judgments by the public should play a key role in determining final decisions. Therefore, all these agencies are required not only to disseminate information to the public, but also to solicit and consider public opinion in forming transportation policy. This work presents a decision support model, with public involvement and public oversight, to help policy makers select appropriate transportation projects for implementation. Since focus groups will face multiple objectives and inexact information in the process, a hybrid model of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. A set of ‘if–then’ rules based on Weber’s psycho-physical law of 1834 is presented to reason from fuzzy numbers to capture essential subjective preferences, pairwise, among the alternatives. The AHP is then incorporated to estimate preference allotments among alternatives. An example application of the suggested method is provided seeking public approval of an appropriate public bus transportation system choosing between one run by municipal authorities and one run by private agencies to show how this procedure works.