A cost-benefit study of the Suez Canal large-scale dredging project

The choices faced by shippers are generally complex. Typically, the shipper is presented with a range of alternative carriers, each of which has its individual strengths and weaknesses. A survey of companies purchasing shipping services in an overnight RO/RO ferry trade was conducted to identify their priorities and to help understand and the decision-making process. The shippers were found to be conservative decision makers with a strong emphasis on quality of service.     

船过苏伊士运河

我曾经是一位职业海员,先后有数十次往返过苏伊士运河的经历。直到前两年,当我离开远洋船队时,才仔细回忆起我们过苏伊士河的情景。当我从10月的北欧带着丝丝秋意赶往苏伊士运河入河口塞得港时,这里还是烈日炎炎,酷暑难当。那尊石雕镇河雄狮仿佛流着热汗在俯视着这条南北水上     

The development of the Suez Canal

This paper provides general background information relating to the physical characteristics and operations of the Suez Canal. In connection with the future development of the Canal, the research programme currently being undertaken by a British consortium is outlined, with particular reference to the traffic system presently operating.     

The maximum shipping capacity of the Suez Canal

This paper considers the determination of the maximum shipping capacity of the Suez canal. Initially, some assumptions are made in order to calculate the ‘theoretical’ maximum capacity in terms of ‘standard ships’. This last term defines ships which transit the Canal at a given speed and at a given time interval from the vessel ahead and astern.

Data has been collected from the Canal Zone, the analysis of which provides the necessary information regarding speeds of vessels at different sections of the Canal, time gaps between different classes of ship at different nodes of the Canal, and relationships between time widths of convoys and numbers of ships in those convoys at different points of the Canal.

This data has then been used to calculate the maximum capacity of the Canal in terms of ‘real ships’. For that purpose four schemes have been devised, each taking a different mix of categories of ships. A sensitivity analysis has been undertaken in order to investigate the effect of each class of ship on the real maximum shipping capacity of the Canal. The last two schemes take into consideration the effect of the future introduction of supertankers.     

船舶通过苏伊士运河的航行体会

本文简要介绍了苏伊士运河的概况，并分析了过运河的准备和手续，又进一步阐明了北上和南下船舶通过运河的基本方法，最后总结了过运河的体会和经验，供读者参考。     

Forecasting the Suez Canal traffic: a neural network analysis

Although the Suez Canal is the most important man-made waterway in the world, rivaled perhaps only by the Panama Canal, little research has been done into forecasting its traffic flows. This paper uses both univariate ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) and Neural network models to forecast the maritime traffic flows in the Suez Canal which are expressed in tons. One of the important strengths of the ARIMA modelling approach is the ability to go beyond the basic univariate model by considering interventions, calendar variations, outliers, or other real aspects of typically observed time series. On the other hand, neural nets have received a great deal of attention over the past few years. They are being used in the areas of prediction and classification, areas where regression models and other related statistical techniques have traditionally been used. The models obtained in this paper provide useful insight into the behaviour of maritime traffic flows since the reopening of the Canal in 1975—following an 8-year closure during the Arab-Israeli wars (1967-1973)—till 1998. The paper also compares the performance of ARIMA models with that of neural networks on an example of a large monthly dataset.     

Forecasting the Suez Canal traffic: a neural network analysis

Although the Suez Canal is the most important man-made waterway in the world, rivaled perhaps only by the Panama Canal, little research has been done into forecasting its traffic flows. This paper uses both univariate ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) and Neural network models to forecast the maritime traffic flows in the Suez Canal which are expressed in tons. One of the important strengths of the ARIMA modelling approach is the ability to go beyond the basic univariate model by considering interventions, calendar variations, outliers, or other real aspects of typically observed time series. On the other hand, neural nets have received a great deal of attention over the past few years. They are being used in the areas of prediction and classification, areas where regression models and other related statistical techniques have traditionally been used. The models obtained in this paper provide useful insight into the behaviour of maritime traffic flows since the reopening of the Canal in 1975—following an 8-year closure during the Arab–Israeli wars (1967–1973)—till 1998. The paper also compares the performance of ARIMA models with that of neural networks on an example of a large monthly dataset.     

自航半潜船首次航经苏伊士运河安全航行对策

笔者曾担任2艘新造新型自航半潜船首任船长,首次引领船舶经过苏伊士运河(以下简称运河),根据新造船首次经过运河的经历及最新版《苏伊士运河规则》,结合自航半潜船的操纵特性,总结自航半潜船首次通过苏伊士运河的不同要求及注意事项,供同人参考。     

BT模式在疏浚工程中的应用——唐山湾三岛旅游区内海疏浚吹填造陆项目

从BT项目的概念入手,介绍BT模式项目的运作过程,依托唐山湾三岛旅游区内海疏浚吹填造陆项目,就BT模式项目在疏浚工程应用中存在的风险及拟采取的应对措施进行分析,并对施工企业在疏浚工程中承接和运作BT项目提出建设性意见,从而让BT项目真正成为疏浚施工企业新的利润增长点,更好地提升企业的竞争力.     

大型耙吸挖泥船的浅滩切削施工

以桑托斯工程四标段C段浅滩的成功浚挖为例,重点分析了大型耙吸挖泥船在浅滩施工中的难点、要点及重点注意事项,并提出了相应的施工方案和保障措施,为类似大型耙吸挖泥船的浅滩切削施工提供了参考。     

大规模采沙对弯道滩险的影响

以岷江朱石滩为例,分析大规模采沙对弯道滩险河床演变和航道条件的影响。采沙前,朱石滩河段河床基本冲淤平衡;采沙后,河床冲淤平衡被破坏,河床严重下切,汛期河床回淤剧烈。大规模采沙对弯道滩险航道条件的影响主要表现为破坏航道边界、降低河段水位、增加上游水面比降;原来稳定的弯槽由于水深不足而被舍弃,航道改走不稳定的直槽,给航道维护带来困难;河床地形凌乱,航槽局部存在较大横流,给船舶航行带来安全隐患。     

机械凿岩在疏浚工程中的应用

为解决疏浚工程中硬质夹层不能或不宜采用炸礁处理方案的问题,以安哥拉罗安达SONILS石油服务基地项目基槽挖泥为例,研究了机械凿岩在疏浚中的应用。通过分析现场实施条件,理论分析选择合适的锤形、锤重、自由落高、凿岩点布置等相关施工参数并加以试验和改进,提出采用凿岩锤和打桩船凿岩的最佳处理方案。实施过程中注意钢丝绳和锤尖的磨损加固以及凿岩棒尖的封闭。结果表明机械破碎后的硬岩层可由抓斗挖泥船轻松清理,具有良好的经济效益,可为后续类似项目起到一定的借鉴作用。     

连云新城海滩清淤工程维护效果研究

淤泥质海岸人工沙滩的维护问题日益为人们所关注。在平衡水深概念推导出的海床冲淤公式的基础上,通过对平衡流速的假设,增加了因水深改变而引起的海床冲淤,推广了适用于计算自然滩面下海床冲淤的公式。通过推广后的公式计算了连云新城海滩清淤工程的泥沙冲淤。计算结果表明：各清淤方案有使海床恢复到自然水深的趋势,且均有泥滩出露的现象,需要进行定期的疏浚维护。     

BIM在海外某港口疏浚工程中的应用

对BIM技术在海外某港口疏浚工程精细化设计中的应用进行研究,利用Civil 3D软件创建三维疏浚模型和地质模型,实现土体疏浚量的分类统计,并快速生成标准化施工图纸,同时保证模型、图纸、工程量动态关联。实践表明,应用BIM技术可以大幅提高港口疏浚设计的精度和效率,为工程施工提供理论依据。     

装舱溢流施工在航道疏浚工程中的应用

装舱溢流施工工艺是耙吸挖泥船最常采用的施工方法,该方法可增大挖泥船的装舱浓度,以提高其挖泥效率、降低疏浚费用。基于装舱溢流施工工艺特点及固体颗粒在液体中的沉降运动规律研究,以工程实例为依据,分析溢流施工工艺在航道疏浚工程中的适用性。     

肯尼亚拉姆港疏浚工程施工工艺优化

肯尼亚拉姆港疏浚及吹填工程土质以珊瑚质石灰岩混黏土为主。针对绞吸船在施工时易堵口堵泵、硬质珊瑚岩易造成绞刀损坏并严重影响船舶正常施工等问题,对绞刀的型号、防石装置及挖掘工艺进行研究。采用理论分析与现场试验相结合的方式,对绞刀和刀齿进行强度改造,有效提高生产效率;同时安装拨石碎石装置,防石效果较好;时间利用率达到75%以上,在节约施工成本的同时缩短了工期。     

2018年度长江上游航道维护性疏浚工程后评价

系统评估2018年长江上游航道维护性疏浚工程实施效果,为今后航道维护工程提供技术参考.基于年度水情及航道疏浚滩段分布情况,分析维护性疏浚方案设计、施工时机和频次、施工过程的动态管理及航道可持续性等.结果显示,2018年长江上游干线航道维护性疏浚工程总体效果良好,滩段选择及疏浚方案设计与河道演变规律基本适应;疏浚时机及频...     

沿海远距离施工实时水位控制测量方法

针对沿海远距离施工实时水位难以精确测量的问题,结合连云港港30万吨级航道二期工程航道疏浚施工项目,对施工实时水位观测原理、施工船舶吃水动态变化等进行研究,提出一种基于星站差分技术的沿海远距离施工实时水位控制测量方法,并验证了该方法的可靠性.该方法满足现行爯水运工程测量规范爲和施工水位精度要求,且适用于全球任意海域,在沿海远距离施工实时水位控制测量方面具有推广价值.     

旋挖钻在海底管道沟槽疏浚工程中的应用

为解决东非某港新建离岸式油码头工程中海底管道沟槽开挖遇到硬岩层问题,进行了凿岩棒凿岩、反铲挖掘、水下炸礁等常规工艺的研究和比较,采用旋挖钻机辅助抓斗挖泥船进行硬岩挖除的处理方案,不需调遣绞吸船等专业船舶。结果表明：旋挖钻引孔后的硬岩层抓斗挖泥船可以顺利抓挖,工效及成本得到很好控制,可为类似工程提供参考。     

苏伊士运河及其航行规则对舷梯和引水员软梯等的要求

苏伊士运河是在埃及境内,南北方向横跨苏伊士地峡,人工挖掘的无船闸海平面水道,其连接红海与地中海,该运河将非洲大陆与亚洲分隔开,且在欧洲与沿印度洋和西太平洋周边的陆地之间,提供了最短的海上航路。2015年8月6日,扩建后的苏伊士运河新航道开通。苏伊士运河由"苏伊士运河管理局"(SCA)负责管理、作业和维护,现行的SCA航行规则为2015年8月版,其与船舶设计、建造关系密切。文中对航行规则中的目次、舷梯和引水员软梯、系泊索、指示器、消防设备和起居舱室等作了介绍。