工程建设资料缺失的在役高桩码头结构检测评估

针对工程建设资料缺失的在役高桩码头结构检测评估问题,结合工程实例,采用常规检测项目和基桩完整性检测与结构荷载试验等非常规检测项目相结合的方法,查明码头结构现状性能和评定码头结构安全等级,从而达到检测评估的目的。结果表明,常规检测项目和非常规检测项目相结合的方法在在役高桩码头结构检测评估中的应用取得良好效果。建议在高桩码头交工检测、竣工检测和定期检测中增加结构静力荷载试验,并对在役高桩码头进行基桩完整性核查。     

VSP与CT技术对在役高桩码头结构损伤的检测与应用

在役高桩码头结构检测时由于结构形式复杂、需水上作业等因素,采用传统方法难以对其进行全面损伤检测。本研究在自主研发相关仪器设备的基础上,综合采用VSP基桩测试设备与混凝土结构内部损伤CT扫描设备,对船舶撞击后的某油田钻井平台码头进行检测与评判。检测结果发现,采用VSP与CT联合检测技术,能对在役高桩码头上部结构及基桩的损伤进行准确检测,并可根据检测结果对码头上部结构与基桩的损伤程度做出科学的评价,较好地解决了在役高桩码头结构损伤全面检测的技术难题,可作为一种新型的在役码头检测手段进行应用推广。     

在役海港码头连续梁可靠性分析

海洋环境中的氯离子侵蚀入混凝土内部引起钢筋锈蚀,导致码头结构力学性能劣化、可靠性降低。本文基于混凝土构件在氯离子作用下受弯承载力衰减模型,提出了在役海港码头连续梁可靠度的计算方法,并通过算例验证了计算方法的可行性。研究结果可为在役海港码头结构可靠性评估提供理论依据。     

高桩码头安全评估中桩身完整性检测比例的探讨

在役高桩码头检测评估中桩身完整性是必测项目,根据现行水运行业标准一般采用低应变反射波法,抽检数量不少于桩总数的10%或20%,且不得少于10根,当检测发现缺陷桩时,应扩大桩的抽检比例。根据多年在役高桩码头安全检测评估、尤其是交通运输部开展码头靠泊能力核查和沿海港口码头结构加固改造工作中遇到的问题,通过现行水运工程和相关行业规范的对比分析,结合桩基完整性检测割桩损伤对码头水平承载力影响计算结果,探讨了桩基完整性检测抽样比例的合理性。提出在役高桩码头安全检测应以码头桩基施工质量合格为基础,以排除运行过程中产生的安全隐患为目的。安全检测时只需考虑在役高桩码头运行年限、靠泊方式、运行环境、异常靠泊率和结构型式等运行因素,选择较不利受力以及外观检查中桩基完整性存疑的桩基作为对象进行验证检测。     

在役高桩码头结构物的检测与评估

在役高桩码头结构物的加固、修补或者升级前需要对结构物进行检测与评估。本文通过介绍检测评估的工作特点,在考虑码头老化与损伤的情况下对现有检测评估执行标准和规范进一步细化,归纳分析了适合于在役高桩码头结构物的检测评估流程和评估方法,并结合工程实例进行阐述,成果可作为其他港工结构物检测评估的参考依据。     

影响在役高桩码头构件耐久性的因素

在役高桩码头构件的耐久性状况直接影响其使用寿命,从分析影响高桩码头构件耐久性的主要因素入手,简要介绍各种构件耐久性因素的检测方法,结合具体工程案例详细分析钢筋锈蚀劣化作用对构件的抗弯能力和抗剪切能力的影响,可为在役高桩码头构件的健康诊断和耐久性状况的评价提供依据,可供其他港口工程结构物的耐久性评价参考。     

在役码头可靠性的概率极限状态评估法

对基于可靠度理论的在役码头可靠性的概率极限状态评估法进行了初步探讨,并对主要的码头现场检测方法进行了介绍。     

海港码头结构修补及加固技术的应用

海港码头因地处海洋气候环境中,面临着海水、海雾等多重腐蚀,导致其主体结构极易出现破损等缺陷。以浙江省某海港码头为例,探讨码头的结构修补加固工程技术,为在役海港码头的使用、锈蚀混凝土构件的修补加固以及海港码头的改建和扩建提供科学依据。     

海工混凝土结构荷载水平分析

为了获得典型构件在实际服役环境中的荷载水平范围,选取在役的3个码头梁构件设计实例,以横梁、纵梁、轨道梁为研究对象,理论分析出构件在"永久荷载"或"永久荷载+可变荷载"作用下的荷载水平;另在华南地区选取某高桩码头,进行现场应力测试与分析,得到实际服役环境下的构件荷载水平。通过现场应力测试及典型实例理论分析,确定了码头正常使用条件下钢筋混凝土结构荷载水平范围为0.1~0.47,为开展在役海工结构实际服役状态的荷载模拟试验提供依据,为码头结构设计提供参考。     

高桩码头设施常见问题及维护治理方法

通过对宁波港域多个在役高桩码头检测和评估成果的分析,总结出该区域高桩码头设施容易发生的问题,可为今后码头重点部位的检测防控提供参考,同时提出可保障码头正常安全使用和便于修复施工的维护治理方法,也为同类码头的维护使用提供了借鉴。     

内河高速船回转稳性初探

阐述了我国内河高速船稳性规范沿革及现行规范存在的问题。对高速船滑行回转状态进行受力分析,指出规范对回转横倾角限止的不合理性,并对高速船回转稳性校核提出建议。     

沿海成品油船船型开发调查研究

介绍沿海成品油油运市场对油船的需求情况以及沿海港口对成品油船设计的限制条件,探讨规范的变化对成品油船结构的影响并对现有成品油船技术状况及存在的问题进行分析,总结了现有油船船型的特点,提出开发沿海成品油船新船型的建议。     

直流电力系统短路限流装置研究

随着舰船电力系统容量的增加,其短路电流水平不断提高,急需研究一种分断速度快、限流能力强的新型限流保护装置。混合型限流熔断器相对于普通限流熔断器具有功率损耗低、限流能力强的优点。文中介绍了两种新型限流熔断器的结构组成、工作原理和特性,指出被动式混合型熔断器与电子控制的主动式混合型限流熔断器相比,因其无需外部电源、传感器及电子控制单元,可靠性更高且体积更小。     

Determination of limiting cavity depths for offshore spudcan foundations in a spatially varying seabed

The importance of accurate prediction of limiting cavity depths during offshore spudcan foundations installation has been variously highlighted in the literature. Nonetheless, most of the previous research is deterministic in nature and confined to homogenous soils. Since offshore clayey soils can be highly spatially variable, there is a practical need to take proper account of the spatial variability in the prediction of limiting cavity depths. In a bid to remedy this situation, large deformation finite element calculations combined with three-dimensional random fields were repeatedly conducted in this study within a Monte-Carlo framework. The continuous penetration of a spudcan initiated from surface was explicitly modeled until a full-localized flow-around mechanism was observed. Spatial variability was found to clearly affect the soil back-flow and thereby the limiting cavity depth, the latter of which takes a range of values that can be approximately modeled as a log-normal distribution. Characteristic limiting cavity depths at various probability levels were ascertained. An algebraic expression was proposed to explicitly predict the characteristic limiting cavity depths in random soils from the fractile. Particular attention was paid to the lower and upper 5% characteristic values, which are likely to be useful for reliability-based design.     

12V135柴油机油液原子光谱分析诊断研究

文章提出了采用原子光谱分析技术诊断12V135柴油机磨损状态的方法,该方法根据被测油样中所含金属浓度,采用三线值法分析出界限值,并通过界限值计算与相关性分析等技术诊断出柴油机磨损状态。     

基于硬件冗余的随动系统限速制动研究

主要研究探讨了提高随动系统限速制动可靠性的方法，简要分析了随动系统制动过程的工作原理和一般常用的制动方法，探讨了限速制动的工作过程和制动规律，分析了限速制动冗余设计的必要性。通过推导和工程简化，得到了相应公式和关系曲线，借鉴某型舰炮的硬件设计思路，提出了一种硬件电路实现限速制动冗余设计的方案，同时以某型发射架为例，计算了电路的参数。分析研究表明，硬件冗余设计原理简单可行，最后对设计方案的改进做了说明。     

船闸闸室墙结构土层锚杆极限承载力试验

通过淮安三线船闸闸室墙结构中土层锚杆极限承载力的现场试验研究,依据作用荷载下的位移变化图形,分析土层锚杆的变形规律,提出了以锚固体刚性位移为控制条件或以锚固段周围土体整体稳定为控制条件确定的土层锚杆极限承载力。     

Validation of vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm based on measurements at model scale

Wave-induced vessel motion prediction plays a critical role in ensuring safe marine operations. The operational limiting criteria can usually be calculated by applying presumed linearized vessel motion transfer functions based on the specified vessel loading condition, which may deviate from the real vessel condition when the operation is executed. Reducing the uncertainties of the onboard vessel loading condition can therefore improve the accuracy of vessel motion prediction and hence improve the safety and cost-efficiency for marine operations. However, parameters related to the onboard vessel loading condition can be difficult to measure directly, such as the center of gravity and moments of inertia. In addition, the hydrodynamic viscous damping terms are always subject to significant uncertainties and sometimes become critical for accurate vessel motion predictions. A very promising algorithm for the tuning of these important uncertain vessel parameters based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) that uses onboard vessel motion measurements and synchronous wave information was proposed and demonstrated previously by application to synthetic data. The present paper validates the UKF-based vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm by considering measurements from model-scale seakeeping tests. Validation analyses demonstrate rational tuning results. The observed random errors and bias in relation to the measurement functions due to the applied simplification and linearization in the seakeeping simulations can lead to biased tuning. The importance of designing the state space and the measurement space is demonstrated by case studies. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the uncertain vessel parameters and the vessel motions, the tuning is shown to be sensitive to the mean state vector and selection of the surrounding sigma points.