Making Landfall: Linkages between Fishing Communities and Support Services

The relationship between the fishing industry and the fisheries-related support service sector creates economic benefits for communities through the strong linkages between fishermen and their land-based suppliers and the induced or multiplier effects from fisheries revenue. The support service sector is embedded within fishing communities where the impacts of fisheries management changes are perpetuated. This article examines the potential for such impacts by evaluating the diversity of fishing gear use, ex-vessel revenue, presence of processing plants, public moorage, and haul-out or tidal grids, and the number of vessels in a community, in relation to the availability of support services in communities in Alaska. The results show that the presence of a processor and haul-out facilities in a community significantly affects the number of support service businesses; however, there is not a strong association with the number of vessels or ex-vessel revenue. One hypothesis is that fishermen often travel to other communities to obtain services. We evaluate this hypothesis using social network analysis to evaluate transfers of revenue for fishery-related goods and services. Ultimately, this informs the exploration of the importance of support service businesses and fishery-support infrastructure to the continued well-being of fishing communities.     

Ground-truthing social vulnerability indices of Alaska fishing communities

Abstract

Community vulnerability is increasingly evaluated through quantitative social indices, typically developed using secondary data sources rather than primary data collection. It is necessary to understand the validity of these indices if they will be used to inform policy and decision making. This paper presents a ground-truthing effort to validate quantitative indices that characterize the well-being of Alaska fishing communities. We utilized ethnographic data collected from 13 representative communities and a capital assets framework to ground-truth the indices, in which qualitative ranks of vulnerability were compared against quantitative indices. The majority (73.8%) of ranks were in complete or moderate agreement and the results indicate that most of the indices are representative of community vulnerability; yet some variables utilized to create the indices could be modified to better reflect realities in Alaska. Indices of commercial fishery engagement and reliance appeared to be more reliable than socio-economic indicators, particularly for smaller fishing communities. We also confirmed that the indices do not capture political, or ecological factors that affect levels of community vulnerability. We conclude that quantitative indices of community vulnerability are useful rapid assessment tools; however, they should be validated, and complemented with ethnographic data prior to their implementation as policy making and management tools.     

Using Socioeconomic and Fisheries Involvement Indices to Understand Alaska Fishing Community Well-Being

Over recent years, fisheries managers have been going through a paradigm shift to prioritize ecosystem-based management. With this comes an increasing need to better understand the impacts of fisheries management decisions on the social well-being and sustainability of fishing communities. This article summarizes research aimed at using secondary data to develop socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices to measure objective fishing community well-being in Alaska. Data from more than 300 communities in Alaska were used to create a database of socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices of objective well-being and adaptability for Alaska communities dependent on marine resources. Each index was developed using a principal components factor analysis to assess the relative position of each community compared to all other communities in Alaska. We find that creating performance measures, such as the indices presented here, provides a useful way to track the status of socioeconomic conditions and fisheries involvement by communities over time.     

对于渔船避让的几点见解

阐述了大连——日本航线上经常遇到的渔船种类及作业特点,总结出针对不同种类的渔船在捕捞过程中应采取的必要措施,为以后在该航线上行驶的远洋船舶驾驶人员提供经验借鉴。     

Planning for Cruise Ship Resilience: An Approach to Managing Cruise Ship Impacts in Haines,Alaska

Resilience theory has management implications useful when planning for cruise ship tourism. In small coastal communities, cruise ships often provide welcomed economic incentives that can bolster a waning economy. However, in some coastal communities, the magnitude and intensity of passenger visits can reduce social resilience and induce an economic regime shift that leads to rapid socioeconomic reorganization. The implications of such a regime shift are a loss of economic diversity, reduced social resilience, and a loss of social capital. Planning for cruise ship resilience increases the likelihood of successful coping strategies and addresses the socioecological changes inherent to a cruise ship destination. Both Holling's adaptive cycle and the four principals for building resilience established by Berkes and Seixas are fundamental to a successful management plan.     

休闲渔船的技术指标研究

休闲渔船是新生事物,目前没有统一的法律及专业性规范加以约束管理。对休闲渔船的定义、现状、功能及主尺度进行了介绍与讨论,对其技术指标进行深入研究,供休闲渔船的设计、建造、管理者参考。     

11.9米玻璃钢潜水渔船设计

文章介绍了11.9米玻璃钢潜水渔船的设计内容、相关设备及主要性能。该船既保持了玻璃钢渔船节能环保的优势,同时又保留了原船所特有的作业特点。经用户实际使用证明:该船各项性能优越,适合批量建造、使用并推广。     

渔船型线优化及水动力性能研究

基于fluent数值模拟和模型试验相结合的方法,对某一渔船进行型线优化,通过CFD仿真技术进行多方案船型优选,开展船模试验以验证仿真结果,以优选出来的船型为基础进行艉部和球鼻艏的改型,并再次通过模型试验量化改型的效果。型线优化后明显改善了阻力、推进水动力性能,取得了较好的结果。     

珠江口捕鱼旅游船舶安全管理初探

根据海上捕鱼旅游这一新的旅游方式,分析了其存在的不安全因素,提出了保证其安全的措施,有利于改善海上捕鱼旅游的安全。     

远洋渔船营运作业的碳排放计算方法

通过分析远洋渔船复杂工况下的能源消耗特性,并结合政府间气候变化专门委员会的评估报告和全球变暖潜值,提出远洋渔船营运作业过程中的碳排放计算方法,提出远洋渔船低碳节能的建议和措施。     

乐亭县中心渔港水域布置研究

乐亭县中心渔港位于滦河口西侧,二滦河口附近。工程区泥沙运动活跃,而且渔船泊稳要求较高,因此,总体方案对工程成败起着决定性作用。本文提出多种水域布置方案,通过数值模拟方法进行研究,得出合理的布置方案。     

计及渔具影响的拖网渔船阻力性能预报研究

本文对某拖网渔船在考虑渔具作用下的船体阻力进行研究,以不同纵倾角设定渔具影响的五种工况,对船体阻力进行性能预报,对其阻力成分进行了比较分析,得出不同阻力在不同工况时的变化情况。同时结合船模水池阻力实验,通过对数值模拟和实验结果分析得出,渔具对拖网渔船阻力的影响规律,从而预报船体阻力性能。     

基于BP神经网络的渔港评估指标体系简化

为使渔港管理部门在进行渔港初步评估时节省人力、物力,对渔港评估指标体系进行简化,应用BP神经网络进行渔港评估。简化后的指标体系繁简适中,科学合理,结果符合实际,可供有关部门对渔港进行管理决策时参考。     

折角型玻璃钢渔船线型设计方法研究

在分析各种船型设计方法的基础上,提出了一种更适合折角型玻璃钢渔船线型变换的设计方法,扩展了传统的母型改造法。特点是在给定母型的型值、柱长Lpp、型宽B、设计吃水T以及设计船的主尺度和主要要素后,就能变换出满足要求的设计船,而不依赖于母型船的横剖面面积曲线,不用保证船舯剖面系数相同,且还能确保折角线的光顺性。通过几条实船的线型设计,证明了该方法的先进性和工程实用性。     

Adapting to Catch Shares: Perspectives of West Coast Groundfish Trawl Participants

Abstract

Catch share programs are used in fisheries management to meet goals such as species recovery, overcapacity reduction, and economic efficiency. Anticipated impacts include fleet consolidation, infrastructure reduction, and social disruption within communities. The Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Social Study (PCGFSS) aims to understand social changes related to the recently implemented West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program. In this article, we use a subset of PCGFSS data to explore the ways remaining fishery participants have thus far adapted to catch shares. While some vessels have left the fishery, we found that many participants are adapting to this catch shares program despite challenges. Quota leasing strategies, fishery diversification, gear innovation, and community quota funds are some of the tools participants are using to continue operating under the catch shares program. These early challenges and adaptations to the catch share program are worthy of continued tracking, as researchers, managers, and fishing communities, would benefit by considering first-hand perspectives of the on-the-ground realities of harvesting groundfish in the rationalized fishery.     

莫桑比克贝拉渔码头重建工程工艺设计研究

以莫桑比克贝拉渔码头重建工程为例,探讨渔船装卸、水产品加工处理及冷藏、制冰及输冰等工艺设计内容,为类似渔码头设计提供借鉴。     

渔船与商船碰撞事故原因分析

通过对大连港1991～2001年渔船与商船事故的统计,从事故等级、能见度、发生时间、地点、船舶等5个方面进行分析,总结出人的因素是导致事故发生的主要原因。故从严进行船员培训、提高船员素质、加强对船员的责任心教育、有效实施对船员的管理,是降低事故发生率、使航行更安全的有效途径。     

远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置特征

在收集一些实船图纸资料,实船调查、总结和分析的基础上,阐述了远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置的基本原则及其特征,同时根据远洋金枪鱼围网渔船的渔捞作业特点,说明了渔捞设备布置形式和作业流程,以及"内胆式"浓盐水舱速冻作业流程及其特点.可为远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置设计提供参考.     

渔船刀型龙骨的应用分析

在渔船设计和建造实践的基础上,对刀型龙骨的新型结构特征进行分析,与传统的箱型龙骨结构做简要的对比,并提出改进的意见和建议。     

新颖的渔轮主机电脑智能检测系统

本文介绍一种智能型渔轮主机电脑检测系统,该系统可以对渔轮主机的性能测试中的转速、油耗、油压、水温、油温、扭矩、排温等多种物理参数进行自动采集显示。一次可同时测试多个工况。为轮机管理人员提供了检测精度高、速度快且劳动强度低的智能化设备。