重度混合动力汽车燃油经济性和排放多目标优化

考虑重度混合动力汽车运行模式切换时发动机频繁起停对油耗的影响,建立了整车动态仿真模型和综合考虑燃油消耗和排放的多目标优化模型,采用简化控制变量的动态规划算法并结合自动变速器经济性换挡规律,在NEDC工况下对多目标优化模型进行仿真.结果表明,发动机的频繁起停对整车燃油消耗有显著影响,采用动态规划算法可全局优化整车燃油经济...     

汽车发动机缸盖与排气歧管装配体的模态分析

发动机排气系统的密封决定着发动机性能,研究发动机的振动对密封性能的影响。应用ANSYS Workbench软件分析,对汽车发动机缸盖、排气歧管密封垫及排气歧管的装配体进行带有预应力的模态分析,得到该装配体的固有频率,并与发动机对外激振频率进行比较,进而判断两者之间不能发生共振现象。证明该因素不会影响发动机缸盖、密封垫片及排气歧管装配体的密封性能。     

基于模型的DPF主动再生排气温度控制

颗粒物捕集器(DPF)主动再生发生时需要将柴油发动机排气温度提升到500℃以上并维持在较长一段时间内。为减少由于控制对象纯滞后特性、强扰动因素引起的不确定性,降低高排气温度带来的主动再生风险,结合基于模型的控制策略提出了一种优化的再生温度控制算法和控制器结构,并展开了仿真分析、参数优化等研究工作。设计的控制结构考虑实际工程应用需求,采用基于发动机排气温度和排气流量的增益补偿和前馈加反馈控制方案,可兼顾性能和成本因素,并具有较强的适应性和可操作性。仿真和台架试验、车辆道路试验结果均表明,主动再生过程中对实际排温控制的超调量小于3%,在发动机瞬态工况和车辆运行等强扰动工作工况下的稳态控制误差小于25℃。     

柴油机选择性催化还原系统NOx传感器的NH3交叉敏感性研究

针对选择性催化还原(SCR)系统中NOx传感器对NH_3的交叉敏感性问题,通过对发动机台架试验数据进行分析,研究了排气温度、氨氮比和空速3个因素对传感器交叉灵敏度的影响,建立了与3个影响因素相关的SCR催化剂反应模型,提出了一种SCR催化剂下游NO_x排放水平和NH3泄漏量的预测方法。Simulink仿真与发动机台架试验结果表明,该方法在一定程度上可有效预测NO_x传感器的准确性。     

运转参数对火花点火发动机未燃HC排放影响的实验研究

本文开展了转速、混合气浓度、点义提前角、节气门开度及润滑油温度对火花点火发动机排气未然HC影响的实验研究，并分析了运转因素对HC排放的影响。实验结果表明，提高发动机转速，燃用较稀混合气，适当推迟点火和提高润滑油温度均可降低发动机排气中未然HC浓度。     

中重型商用车发动机进排气系统的测试与匹配性研究

利用计算机作为通信和指令控制的上位机,组建了一套进排气系统多点压力、温度的自动采集和记录测试系统。使用该测试系统,对不同类型的发动机进排气组件进行了匹配性研究,经过系统的压力、温度对比试验,针对具体一款发动机找到最佳的进排气组件,有效地改善了发动机的经济性、动力性和排放性能。同时该测试方法作为一种技术手段为发动机匹配性的设计与优化提供了客观、量化的试验数据。     

汽车排气系统的流场分析与优化

给出了某汽车排气系统一维非定常流动的气体动力学方程组和三维模拟数学模型.建立了该汽车排气系统与发动机的联合模型,并利用此模型得到了排气系统进口温度、质量流量、密度等参数.以此作为边界条件,利用三维CFD软件对该汽车排气系统流场进行了模拟,找到了影响排气系统背压的关键结构并进行了优化.结果表明,模拟结果与试验结果吻合性良好,优化后排气系统背压由40.5 kPa降至30 kPa.     

汽车排气系统的模态分析

汽车排气系统同发动机和车体相连,为降低发动机工作过程对环境和乘员造成的影响,文章对排气系统进行了模态分析,并探讨了发动机的振动对汽车排气系统的影响,得出排气系统在各阶频率下的振型图。通过模态分析可知,发动机的激励频率对排气系统有一定影响,指出为避免排气系统发生共振,进行优化设计时,应使各阶的固有频率避开发动机的工作频率,改善排气系统的性能,延长使用寿命。     

EQ6100发动机排气门座耐磨性研究

近年来围绕排气门座耐磨性问题进行了一些工作,即材料对耐磨性的影响;汽油含铅量对耐磨性的影响;发动机的高温高负荷对耐磨性的影响;排气门座温度对耐磨性的影响;气门间隙随发动机温度升高的变化情况。现就以上几个方面工作进行分析如下: 一、材料对排气门座耐磨性的影响 1986年～1988年共抽检东风EQ140车汽油发动机EQ6100近60台进行100小时全速全负荷试验。在这些发动机中有采用现生产高     

发动机泄气式辅助制动性能仿真研究

通过对发动机泄气式辅助制动工作过程的分析,建立了发动机泄气式辅助制动计算模型,根据辅助制动相关参数(包括排气门开度、发动机转速和排气背压等),对发动机辅助制动进行了单因素和多因素条件下的仿真研究。结果表明:当发动机转速一定时,有一个与最大制动转矩对应的最佳排气门开度值,它随转速的升高而加大;缸内最大压力随着发动机转速的升高和排气门开度的减小而增高;制动转矩随着转速的上升和排气背压的增高而增大。     

Adaptation Strategy for Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Common Rail Pressure to Improve Transient Torque Response in Diesel Engines

Fuel injection limitation algorithms are widely used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions under transient states in diesel engines. However, the limited injection quantity leads to a decrease in the engine torque response under transient states. To overcome this issue, this study proposes an adaptation strategy for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and common rail pressure combined with a fuel injection limitation algorithm. The proposed control algorithm consists of three parts: fuel injection limitation, EGR adaptation, and rail pressure adaptation. The fuel injection quantity is limited by adjusting the exhaust burned gas rate, which is predicted based on various intake air states like air mass flow and EGR mass flow. The control algorithm for EGR and rail pressure was designed to manipulate the set-points of the EGR and rail pressure when the fuel injection limitation is activated. The EGR controller decreases the EGR gas flow rate to rapidly supply fresh air under transient states. The rail pressure controller increases the rail pressure set-point to generate a well-mixed air-fuel mixture, resulting in an enhancement in engine torque under transient states. The proposed adaptation strategy was validated through engine experiments. These experiments showed that PM emissions were reduced by up to 11.2 %, and the engine torque was enhanced by 5.4 % under transient states compared to the injection limitation strategy without adaptation.     

Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Feedforward Controller of EGR and VGT Systems in a CRDI Diesel Engine

The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance.     

发动机排气歧管断裂分析

近年来,由于防止废气污染、噪声及提高燃油效率的需要,发动机气缸的排气温度不断提高,以及因超载和路况等原因引起发动机超负荷运行,导致排气歧管的热疲劳开裂时有发生。对某车型发动机排气歧管的热疲劳断裂问题进行综合失效分析,并从材料、结构方面提出改进意见。     

柴油机排气管长度对排气温度影响的试验研究

柴油机增压器出口到后处理装置之间的排气管长度影响排气温度,从而影响了SCR后处理装置的工作效率。在发动机台架上进行了排气管长度对排气温度影响的试验研究,结合ETC和WHTC排放循环,对比了排气管是否包裹保温材料对排气温度的影响。试验表明:排气管长度越长,排气温度下降越快,最大温降高达19%,对NOx排放影响也越大,NOx排放相对国家标准增加59%;增加保温材料能维持一定的排气温度,但温降最大也达到8%,NOx排放相对国家标准增加23%。     

重型国Ⅵ柴油车后处理器温度场研究

重型柴油发动机涡轮增压器后的排气温度可以达到530℃左右,考虑发动机到后处理器排气管路的温降,排气到达后处理器后,内部排气温度依然最高可达520℃以上,而其壳体表面温度约为250℃左右,这对于重型车机舱热管理以及整车布置依然是一个不小的挑战。通过对后处理器内部与外部温度在极限工况下进行试验测试,探究其温度场分布及温降趋势,以及隔热措施的效用,研究成果对相关从业人员具有参考意义。     

Heat exchanger/catalytic system for reducing the exhaust emissions from diesel engines

A system has been researched over the past 3 years for reducing the exhaust pollutants from diesel engines for light commercial vehicles. The system researched achieves Euro 6 standards for reduction of polluting gases (CO, HC, PM, NO). It consists of 4 main sections: 1. A heater and heat exchanger (HE); 2. A CO/HC oxidising catalyst (D°C); 3. Pt catalyst on a diesel particulate filter (DPF); 4. A NO reducing reaction (SCR) within the DPF. The system operates as follows. The exhaust gas contains oxidising gases, namely both O₂ and NO₂. The levels of CO and HC are oxidised by O₂ to CO₂ for temperatures above 200°C. Carbon (PM) is oxidised to CO₂ by NO₂ but requires a temperature above 250°C. The operating exhaust temperature of 300°C is ideal for the removal of NO by using the Pt catalyst and the CO generated within the DPF. The heater is required to be able to raise the exhaust temperature at any time to 300°C in order to optimise the performance of the system, since diesel engine exhaust temperatures vary between 160°C (slow speeds) to 350°C (high speeds). Considerable heat is required (??3 kW) to maintain the exhaust gas for a 2l engine at 300°C for engine idle conditions. Therefore a heat exchanger is required to re-circulate the input heat and thereby reduce the maximum power consumption to a maximum of 500W over the engine full operating test cycle. This energy is supplied by the engine battery and alternator. Experimental results have been obtained for the exhaust from a Kubota diesel engine and the reductions in exhaust emissions of 83% (CO/ HC), 58% (NOx) and 99% (PM) were obtained. The PM was continuously cleaned so that there was no build up of back pressure.     

工作过程计算在发动机开发中的应用

GT-Power软件计算气体在流动方向上的压力、温度、流动速度等参数变化，从而可计算出发动机工作过程气体流动的变化过程，用来评价发动机性能指标的优劣。应用GT-Power软件，对发动机的凸轮型线及配气相位和排气管的结构尺寸进行了优化计算，并进行了增压器的匹配计算，对发动机排气制动功率和气体流动噪声计算进行了简单论述。     

电控汽油机动力加浓工况空燃比控制策略研究

对于电控汽油机动力加浓工况,提出了一种基于排气温度的空燃比反馈控制策略。发动机台架模拟试验表明,这种控制策略不但能有效降低燃油消耗率,减少CO排放量,实现三元催化转化器的主动保护,而且也能使空燃比、排气温度、汽车的运行工况和气候条件等达到最佳匹配。     

提高车用发动机能量利用率研究进展

描述了近几年车用汽油机发展的几种新技术,包括GDI和HCCI燃烧技术以及混合动力技术的应用和发展,分析了它们的特点和在节能、环保等方面的作用。介绍了利用发动机排气余热的温差发电技术。论述了利用发动机冷却水余热和排气余热来改善发动机性能的新技术,该技术通过一套发动机后接蒸气动力装置,回收发动机余热能量做功,从而提高发动机能量利用率。探讨了这一新技术的研究内容,展望了它的应用发展前景。     

Simulation Study on Thermal Management Strategy to Achieve 99 % SCR Efficiency of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine over a Transient Cycle

In this study, NOx conversion characteristics of a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system equipped on a heavy-duty diesel engine were evaluated through engine dynamometer bench tests over a scheduled world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC). Also, based on transient SCR simulations, the thermal management strategy to improve SCR NOx conversion efficiency was investigated. As a result, it was found that a selective increase in exhaust temperature at low temperature period would be a useful measure to increase SCR efficiency on WHTC mode. From the baseline SCR efficiency of around 98 % on WHTC mode, the current simulation results have shown that around 99 % level of SCR efficiency would be achievable by increasing exhaust temperatures with modifying diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosage. Another valuable contribution of this study is that the design guidelines for controlling exhaust temperature and DEF injection to obtain a target NOx conversion efficiency are presented for SCR systems of heavy-duty diesel engines on transient operating conditions.