Dynamics Analysis of Torsional Vibration Induced by Clutch and Gear Set in Automatic Transmission

The torsional vibration generated during clutch engagement directly affects the shifting quality of automatic transmissions, where the noise source stems from both the clutch and the gear set. To predict the dynamical response and driveline oscillation, a comprehensive mathematical model of the vehicle powertrain equipped with automatic transmission is developed with consideration of nonlinearities in the clutch and the planetary gear set. For the clutch, the dynamics of stickslip is described for the transition between the slipping to locked states. The gear backlash model is used to analyze the rattle noise of the planetary gear set. Based on extensive powertrain simulations for the clutch engagement process, the magnitude of vibration propagation in the driveline are predicted to identify the primary factors of noise generation.     

基于扩展状态观测器和滑模控制的双离合器自动变速器起步自适应控制

双离合器自动变速器（Dual Clutch Transmission,DCT）随着服役时间的增加离合器性态会发生变化导致起步性能下降,为降低离合器性态变化对起步性能的影响,提出一种基于扩展状态观测器和滑模控制的DCT起步自适应控制方法。首先,建立DCT起步动力学模型、发动机模型和液压控制系统模型;将DCT起步问题转化为参考轨迹跟踪问题,通过工况识别并利用极小值原理获得了不同起步工况的参考轨迹;在DCT起步动力学模型中将与离合器性态变化相关的项定义为不确定项,设计扩展状态观测器对不确定项进行估计,同时结合自适应滑模控制器,获得了起步发动机转矩和离合器油压的自适应控制率;为了跟踪发动机转矩和离合器油压的自适应控制率,设计了发动机转矩跟踪控制器,同时对液压系统采用了PID闭环控制;通过MATLAB/Simulink平台仿真以及台架试验验证所提出的DCT起步控制方法对离合器性态变化的自适应效果。研究结果表明：所提出的起步自适应控制方法能够有效避免由离合器性态变化导致的起步延时,同时1挡缓起步和急起步的仿真冲击分别减小了53.11%和43.42%,试验起步冲击分别减小了35.66%和30.31%。     

Observer-based clutch disengagement control during gear shift process of automated manual transmission

A clutch disengagement strategy is proposed for the shift control of automated manual transmissions. The control strategy is based on a drive shaft torque observer. With the estimated drive shaft torque, the clutch can be disengaged as fast as possible without large driveline oscillations, which contributes to the reduction of total shift time and shift shock. The proposed control strategy is tested on a complete powertrain simulation model. It is verified that the system is robust to the variations of driving conditions, such as vehicle mass and road grade. It is also demonstrated that the revised system with switched gain can provide satisfactory performance even under large estimation error of the engine torque.     

大功率自动变速器换挡离合器调压控制研究

为了改善大功率自动变速器换挡过程中换挡离合器（含湿式制动器和湿式离合器）油压的调控水平,提高车辆的换挡品质,从结构上在换挡离合器中设计平衡活塞来补偿离合器旋转离心的影响,并在排油回路中增加背压阀以消除活塞腔内空气造成的不确定性。通过对换挡执行系统结构进行分析,分别针对离合器活塞、电液调压过程及离合器滑摩过程进行模型计算,在此基础上,将惯性相的充油调压控制进行拆解,即在转矩相结束时刻初始常量的基础上叠加一阶控制过程,针对换挡过程中系统存在非线性干扰和参数不确定性的特点,结合系统特性的分阶段试验标定,制定了换挡离合器调压过程的滑模控制策略,并基于MATLAB环境对控制策略的正确性和有效性进行仿真分析,最后进行实车试验验证。研究结果表明：无论是制动器充油还是旋转离合器充油,控制策略均能将惯性相持续时间、换挡冲击和滑摩功率损失等控制在合理范围;控制策略具有良好的性能,旋转离合器和制动器都能实现稳健的惯性相调压控制。     

飞轮壳、离合器壳、变速器壳破裂原因分析及改进

用ADAMS和NASTRAN软件分析计算了飞轮壳、离合器壳、变速器壳之间连接螺栓的受力、动力和传动系总成振动模态以及3壳体的强度。并用试验方法测试了传动系部件在不同不平衡质量、变速器不同挡位和发动机不同转速条件下3壳体的应力变化。根据分析结果对3壳体进行了优化设计，从而有效地解决了这3个壳体部件的破裂问题。     

Shifting control of an automated mechanical transmission without using the clutch

The automated mechanical transmission (AMT) is gaining popularity in the automotive industry, due to its combination of the advantages of mechanical transmissions (MT) and automatic transmissions (AT) in terms of fuel consumption, low cost, improved driving comfort and shifting quality. However, the inherent structural characteristics of the AMT lead to disadvantages, including excessive wear of the clutch plates and jerk and traction interruption during the shift process, that severely affect its popularity in the automatic transmission industry. The emerging technology of shifting control without the use of the clutch is a promising way to improve the shifting transients of AMTs. This paper proposes a control algorithm that combines speed and torque control of the AMT vehicle powertrain to achieve shifting control without using the clutch. The key technologies of accurate engine torque and speed control and rapid position control of the shift actuators are described in detail. To realize accurate engine speed control, a combined control algorithm based on feed-forward, bang-bang and PID control is adopted. Additionally, an optimized closed-loop position control algorithm based on LQR is proposed for the shift actuators. The coordinated control algorithm based on engine and shift actuator control is described in detail and validated on a test vehicle equipped with an AMT. The results show that the coordinated control algorithm can achieve shifting control without the use of the clutch to improve driving comfort significantly, reduce shift transients and extend the service life of the clutch.     

汽车动力传动系实时动力学仿真模型

将动力传动系视为刚体系统,建立适用于开发型驾驶模拟器的动力传动系4自由度实时动力学仿真模型,输入驾驶员的点火开关信号、油门踏板信号、离合器踏板信号及挡位信号,在一定的传动系各部件及驱动轮的运动状态下,传动系模型可向整车动力学模型输出驱动轮上的驱动力矩,从而完成车辆的实时动力学仿真,并进一步向驾驶模拟器输送整车的实时运动状态。仿真与动力性试验的对比结果表明,该模型不但具有实时性,而且可通过整车模型使开发型驾驶模拟器为驾驶员提供逼真的整车运动响应。     

双离合器自动变速器仿真研究

建立了双离合器自动变速器系统仿真模型,对双离合器自动变速器的动态特性进行了分析,并开发了换挡控制器。应用仿真软件对装有双离合器自动变速器的车辆进行了整车动态性能仿真。仿真结果表明,双离合器自动变速器具有和传统自动变速器相近的换挡品质。     

新型混合动力汽车动力切换动态过程分析

为对基于行星齿轮机构的新型混合动力系统由纯电动驱动切换至发动机驱动过程中的转矩波动进行研究,建立了新型混合动力传动系统的动力学模型,对动力切换过程进行了分析.提出了该过程的转矩协调控制策略,并通过仿真和台架试验进行了验证.结果表明,该转矩协调控制策略能有效减小纯电动驱动切换至发动机驱动过程中的转矩波动和对整车的冲击.     

具有双离合器的液力变矩器的结构设计

将液力变矩器与机械式自动变速器合理匹配可组成一种新型自动变速系统，其性能接近自动变速器，但成本降低。为该系统设计了具有双离合器(闭锁离合器，换档离合器)的液力变矩器。阐述了该液力变矩器的结构、工作原理及特点。试验结果表明，所设计液力变矩器可支持新型自动变速系统成为现实。     

Analysis of the shifting behavior of a novel clutchless geared smart transmission

Conventional geared transmissions use some kinds of clutches to control the power flow from an internal combustion engine to the driveline while shifting gears. However, the shifting performance is seriously affected by the clutch engagement and an unavoidable drop in the torque may occur when the clutch is disconnected. Moreover, wear of the clutch, the need for hydraulic equipment, and the load limit may together aggravate the limits of the clutch system. For this reason, as a novel transmission without a clutch, the clutchless geared smart transmission (henceforth CGST) is proposed by our research team. The CGST controls the power flow in a multiple-input gear-train by controlling the electric motor attached to the planetary gear system. However, no CGST has been realized in an actual vehicle thus far, and the performance has been predicted only theoretically. In this research, we analyzed the achievable performance based on a developed CGST dynamic model with a typical CGST structure. In addition, a CGST gear-shifting algorithm is proposed for use with the dynamic model. From the simulation results, the CGST does not show an abrupt drop in its torque or oscillation while shifting gears due to the absence of a discontinuous power flow. The developed dynamic model can serve as a performance reference for the CGST. Moreover, it can be used as a simulation tool for developing a gear-shifting control logic scheme.     

自动变速器电控系统的分析与诊断

针对汽车自动变速器电控系统的结构,分析速比电磁阀、锁止电磁阀、调压电磁阀、蓄压器调节电磁阀、强制离合器电磁阀的控制原理;介绍自动变速器电控系统的一般诊断方法,电控系统检测(包括故障码检查、手动档试验和控制功能的检测),手动档试验(包括手动操纵试验和手动电磁阀试验),控制功能的检测(包括传感器、执行器的检测)。     

Nonlinear feedforward–feedback control of clutch-to-clutch shift technique

To improve the shift quality of the vehicle with clutch-to-clutch gear shifts, a nonlinear feedforward–feedback control scheme is proposed for clutch slip control during the shift inertia phase. The feedforward control is designed based on flatness in consideration of the system nonlinearities, and the linear feedback control is given to accommodate the model errors and the disturbances. Lookup tables, which are widely used to represent complex nonlinear characteristics of powertrain systems, appear in their original form in the designed feedforward controller, while the linear feedback controller is calculated through linear matrix inequalities such that the control system is robust against the parameter uncertainties. Finally, the designed controller is tested on an AMESim powertrain simulation model, which contains a time-variant model of clutch actuators.     

Development and implementation of a torque vectoring algorithm for an innovative 4WD driveline for a high-performance vehicle

The sporting spirit that characterises a high-performance car can be observed in certain technical solutions. The power distribution on the rear wheels is the simplest example of that. It is well known that rear-wheel drive (RWD) vehicles are more fun to drive and faster in their reactions. Unfortunately, they are also less intuitive and harder to control because of their natural oversteering behaviour. The idea of maintaining an RWD driveline in the future is not farseeing, because it would imply an excessive tyre dimension increasing to let the driver use all engine power in many cornering and low-friction conditions. The choice of adopting a part-time all-wheel drive (AWD) driveline comes from the will of enhancing the overall performance by using all the available friction every time that it is needed. It has to be kept into account that a normally aspirated motor of a sport car can supply 500–600 Hp nowadays, and that it will supply 700–800 Hp in the very near future. However, the proposed driveline has not to worsen the weight characteristics (mass and load distribution) that make an RWD vehicle better than other cars. Because of all these considerations and constraints, a new driveline system has been designed. It derives from an RWD driveline with a semi-active differential, to which has been added a controlled wet clutch that directly connects the engine to the front differential. This device allows the drive torque to be distributed between the two axles. It can be understood that in such a device, the torque distribution does not depend only on the central clutch action, but also on the engaged gear. Because of this particular layout, this system can not work in the whole gear range because of thermal problems due to kinematical reasons. So the centre clutch controller has to consider the gear position too. The control algorithms development was carried out using a vehicle model, which can precisely simulate the handling response, the powertrain dynamic, and the actuation system behaviour. Such a modelling precision required the development of a customised powertrain model library in Matlab/Simulink.     

顶置凸轮轴配气机构有限元动力模型计算及试验研究

采用有限元动力模型，对顶置凸轮轴配气机构进行了动力分析计算，在已知凸轮升程数据的条件下，求出凸轮轴不同转速时的气门运动规律，配气机构各阶自振频率和振动振型，并研究了油温，油压及混入气泡量不同时，气门间隙液压调节器对配气机构运动特性的影响。     

Multi-state control strategy of starting for a wet friction clutch via a fuzzy logic algorithm

Wet multi-plate friction clutches are used in automotive drivelines to transfer torque, change gears, and prevent motion by locking-up components in the transmission. The control strategy of starting is a crucial technology for the application of a wet multi-plate friction clutch in the automotive industry. In this paper, a multi-state fuzzy control strategy for starting is presented and applied to a continuously variably transmission (CVT) powertrain for the validation of this strategy. The operation of the clutch was divided into four states: parking, starting, riding and emergency. The starting state was investigated in detail. A fuzzy algorithm was employed to control the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder acting on the clutch. A distinguishing feature is that the pressure does not increase but decreases to implement smooth starting during the initial period of starting. The rapid-control prototype (RCP) of the wet friction clutch was developed to validate the new control strategy onboard a test vehicle. Based on the experimental results, the multi-state control strategy for a wet friction clutch is a viable candidate for engineering applications.     

六速双离合器自动变速器开发

简述了某六速双离合器自动变速器的机械传动系统结构,给出了该变速器最佳动力性换挡策略,并进行了NVH仿真分析.对所开发的液压阀体总成进行的试验表明,该阀体总成的挡位平均响应时间为30.6 ms,比目前国外同类样品响应时间快.介绍了所开发的湿式双离合器结构并进行了双离合器总成试验.结果表明,双离合器1可进行精确地换挡控制;双离合器2虽然能进行换挡,但不易进行精确控制.     

推土机电操纵换档过渡过程的油压分析与试验

在PD220Y型推土机电操纵换档的基础上，对换档结合过渡过程的油压进行测试和分析。主要通过对离合器换档结合过程的理论研究，以及平稳结合阀工作原理的分析结果，对液压系统主要部件的参数进行调整，以提高换档过程的平顺性。最后通过台架试验，对各主要点和换挡过渡压力进行重新测试，检验调整结果。     

P2混合动力汽车发动机起动过程驾驶性研究（英文）

Perfect performance of economy and emissions make hybrid powertrain used more widely, but frequent engine start may affect vehicle's driveability. In order to obtain how to improve hybrid vehicle's driveability, Audi A6 Hybrid which is equipped with a P2 powertrain with two engine start modes: conventional start with a 12 V starter and hybrid start with a high-voltage motor, is evaluated under several driving situations with frequently-used criteria. Test results show Audi A6 Hybrid can gain perfect driveability in all engine start situations. Avoiding to start engine frequently in some special situations, suitable choice of engine start modes, compensating driver's request torque by down-shifting gear or increasing the traction motor torque, and maneuver sequences of K0 clutch are all helpful to obtain perfect driveability for Audi A6 Hybrid.     

带锁止离合器的城市公共汽车电控液力机械变速器

本文介绍了由ＤＦＺＦＢ－３２３型带锁止离合器导轮可反转型的液力变矩器与动力换机械变速箱组成的ＧＹＢ－１００型新型城市公共汽车液力机械变速器及电子控制的结构特点，通过样车试验表明，城市公共汽车采用电子控制的液力机械变速器后，具有良好的起步，加速性能，易于驾驶，并且有良好的燃油经济性，提高了我国大客车的生产技术水平以及多种性能和可靠性水平，因而它是一种有发展前景的优于传统机械变速器的客车传动装置。