Actuator optimal placement studies of high-speed power bogie for active hunting stability

ABSTRACT

We put forward three actuator placements of the high-speed train power bogie to improve the train hunting stability. The active control forces act on the frame, between the frame and the motor, and on the motor by the inertial or retractable actuator, respectively, based on the feedback states of vibration velocity of the front and rear end beams. The feedback gains and the motor suspension parameters in different cases are optimised with the two objectives of system stability margin and control effort. The required actuator outputs of the three cases are compared based on the theoretical analysis with a 8 DOF bogie model. The results show that the three control cases can effectively improve the hunting stability, especially at high speed. The active control of motor lateral movement is helpful to increase the dynamic vibration absorbing function of the motor flexible suspension, and the control output is obviously smaller than the other two control cases. In addition, the influence of system delay on stability was analysed and we could use or avoid the effects of delay on the stability.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

Hunting stability analysis of high-speed train bogie under the frame lateral vibration active control

In this paper, we study a multi-objective optimal design of three different frame vibration control configurations and compare their performances in improving the lateral stability of a high-speed train bogie. The existence of the time-delay in the control system and its impact on the bogie hunting stability are also investigated. The continuous time approximation method is used to approximate the time-delay system dynamics and then the root locus curves of the system before and after applying control are depicted. The analysis results show that the three control cases could improve the bogie hunting stability effectively. But the root locus of low- frequency hunting mode of bogie which determinates the system critical speed is different, thus affecting the system stability with the increasing of speed. Based on the stability analysis at different bogie dynamics parameters, the robustness of the control case (1) is the strongest. However, the case (2) is more suitable for the dynamic performance requirements of bogie. For the case (1), the time-delay over 10?ms may lead to instability of the control system which will affect the bogie hunting stability seriously. For the case (2) and (3), the increasing time-delay reduces the hunting stability gradually over the high-speed range. At a certain speed, such as 200?km/h, an appropriate time-delay is favourable to the bogie hunting stability. The mechanism is proposed according to the root locus analysis of time-delay system. At last, the nonlinear bifurcation characteristics of the bogie control system are studied by the numerical integration methods to verify the effects of these active control configurations and the delay on the bogie hunting stability.     

The lateral stability of train suspension systems employing inerters

This paper investigates the benefits of lateral stability of train suspension systems employing a newly developed mechanical network element known as an inerter. An inerter was proposed as an ideal mechanical two-port element to substitute for the mass element in the mechanical/electrical analogy. As of now, inerters have been successfully applied to car and motorcycle suspension systems, for which significant performance benefits were reported. This paper discusses the improvements on lateral stability of train suspension systems employing inerters. The study was carried out in three parts. First, an existing 12 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) train model was built and verified by a multi-body-builder, AutoSim^TM. Second, inerters were applied to the train suspension system to increase the critical speed. Finally, the discussion was extended to a 16-DOF model to demonstrate the performance improvement by inerters. From the results, inerters were deemed effective in improving the lateral stability of train suspension systems.     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

20SF1双频发电机组“飞车”故障分析

从20SF1双频发电机组发生的“飞车”故障中,查找并分析了诱发故障发生的原因,针对该发电机组采用的490D高速柴油机缸盖存在的缺陷,在生产和选用时提出建议。     

ABS轮速信号测量误差分析及等周期采样方法研究

从理论分析的角度对ABS轮速信号测量的误差进行了研究,指出触发误差是影响轮速测量门槛值高低的主要因素,并通过试验测量了该误差随轮速的变化关系。等角度采样的轮速信号在ABS中需要变换成等控制周期采样的轮速信号。在低速测量场合,当ABS控制周期内没有轮速信号出现时,本文利用了一种基于二阶多项式拟合的预测算法来估计轮速信号,仿真试验结果表明该估计方法是可行且可靠的。     

Effect of wind speed variation on the dynamics of a high-speed train

The severe shaking due to wind speed variation in high-speed trains has a negative impact on driving safety and riding comfort. It is difficult to solve this problem by directly applying civil engineering technology because of the actual conditions. Therefore, set up a reasonable train operation plan considering the wind speed variation under strong winds is very important. In this study, a multi-body simulation model of a CRH2 high-speed rail vehicle is constructed, and the overturning coefficient is set as the safety limit, we established a crosswind model on the basis of measured wind speed curves and investigated the effect of the rate of wind speed changes, the duration of maximum wind speed and the variation of wind speed in different amplitude on the dynamics of the high-speed train. Considering the most critical wind speed variation conditions, the characteristic wind curve is obtained, which can be used as a reference to set up a reasonable train operation scheme considering the wind speed variation.     

汽车驱动桥壳台架试验的有限元模拟

在Pro/E环境下建立某汽车驱动桥壳3D模型，利用ANSYS软件，按国家驱动桥壳台架试验的标准，在计算机中采用有限元方法模拟其垂直弯曲刚性试验、垂直弯曲静强度试验。分析结果表明，该桥壳具有足够的静强度和刚度，产品设计满足要求。同时将有限元计算结果与试验结果进行了对比，吻合较好。     

地下室柴油发电机组的选择与机房设计

在高层建筑中,作为应急电源或备用电源,几乎毫无例外地选择柴油发电机组,本文就高层建筑中在地下室安装柴油发电机组的设置原则、机组选择、机房设计等问题提出一些认识。     

A study on the effect of different tyre imperfections on steering wheel vibration

Multibody dynamics and tyre models have made possible detailed analysis not only for ride and handling, but also for determining their effects on tyre nonuniformities. The aim of this paper is to analyse the steering wheel vibration, both shimmy and shake, excited by different tyre imperfections by using the commercial simulation package ADAMS/car 2005R2 and FTire. Different settings with respect to imperfection locations, amount, and the combined effects of defects have been studied. An interesting beat phenomenon is observed when all the wheels have imperfections. A procedure to determine the type of imperfections in the tyre from the results of the test rig has also been proposed.     

车辆操稳性的虚拟样机技术研究

利用ADAMS／Car软件建立某帮牟模型,包括前／后悬架、转向系、前／后轮以及车身等于系统模型。在此基础上进行整乍操纵稳定性仿真,选取了稳态同转试验、角脉冲输入瞬态响应、转向同正试验,仿真试验结果表明了虚拟样机技术的可行性,同时也证明了所建模型的正确性,实现了在虚拟试验平台上分析汽车的操纵稳定性。     

达克罗涂层对STR车轮螺栓防腐性能的影响

通过对STR车轮螺栓的磷化、镀锌和达克罗处理,多角度分析比较了三种处理方式的优劣,结果表明:经达克罗及其后处理后的螺栓和螺母具有良好的润滑性、硬度和耐腐蚀性,试验前螺栓的拆卸次数越多,盐雾试验后其锈蚀程度越严重,其中达克罗螺栓的临界拆卸次数为10次;另外,本文展望了达克罗绿色环保特性在国内汽车业的发展前景。     

废旧橡胶颗粒沥青混合料高温稳定性研究

为了减轻废旧轮胎带来的污染问题和改善沥青混合料的路用性能,在室内进行了废旧橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的试验研究。通过对5种级配沥青混合料进行的车辙试验,分析了橡胶颗粒沥青混合料抗车辙的基本路用性能。结果表明,橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有良好的高温抗车辙性能,论证了将废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒作为骨料应用于路用沥青混合料的可行性。     

车用直喷柴油机低速稳定性研究

通过对柴油机供油系统匹配试验的结果分析 ,阐明了车用直喷柴油机低速不稳定现象是由供油系统的异常喷射造成的 ,并进行了机理探讨。最后提出了改善不稳定喷射的措施。     

静风效应和架设方法对悬索桥施工过程颤振稳定性的影响研究

悬索桥在施工过程的结构刚度比较小,空气静力作用产生的非线性效应以及桥面主梁架设方法都将对悬索桥施工过程的颤振稳定性产生重要的影响。运用大跨度桥梁颤振分析的三维非线性方法,分析宜昌长江大桥采用不同主梁架设方法时的颤振稳定性变化趋势,并探讨静风效应和主梁架设方法对悬索桥施工过程颤振稳定性影响的程度、机理和规律。     

前轮定位参数与轮胎特性对前轮摆振影响的研究

前轮定位参数对前轮摆振的影响是极其复杂的,它不仅影响了前轮的几何特性,并且对摆振系统的运动,约束与受力状况均产生重要影响。本文建立了包括全部前轮定位参数的前轮摆振数学模型;并在轮胎试验的基础上,比较系统、全面地研究了前轮定位参数对前轮摆振的影响规律。本文还研究了轮胎蛇形运动频率对汽车动力学摆振的影响。     

高速公路下伏岩溶顶板稳定性二级模糊综合评判

综合运用多级模糊评判理论、系统层次分析方法(AHP)和灰色关联分析方法等系统理论方法,结合某高速公路部分标段路基下伏岩溶勘察资料,建立了高速公路路基下伏岩溶稳定性的综合评判模型,并对其进行了二级模糊评判,评判结果较准确地反映了岩溶的稳定程度。该工程实践也证明了此评判方法的可行性和可靠性。为高速公路岩溶区路基稳定性评价提供了可行的思路和方法。     

上海高架道路车流特征研究

流量、速度和密度是道路交通流的三个基本特性,并构成了交通工程学的交通流基本理论。利用上海快速路系统埋设线圈采集的交通流数据,深入研究南北、内环、延安等三座高架快速路的交通流特征,分析“流量-密度-速度”之间的变化关系,确定评价快速路交通运行状况的量化指标,并进一步标定出快速路交通流非饱和以及过饱和2种状态的道路车流分配模型的路阻函数。     

An investigation into the mechanism of the polygonal wear of metro train wheels and its effect on the dynamic behaviour of a wheel/rail system

This paper presents a detailed investigation conducted into the mechanism of the polygonal wear of metro train wheels through extensive experiments conducted at the sites. The purpose of the experimental investigation is to determine from where the resonant frequency that causes the polygonal wear of the metro train wheels originates. The experiments include the model tests of a vehicle and its parts and the tracks, the dynamic behaviour test of the vehicle in operation and the observation test of the polygonal wear development of the wheels. The tracks tested include the viaducts and the tunnel tracks. The structure model tests show that the average passing frequency of a polygonal wheel is approximately close to the first bending resonant frequency of the wheelset that is found by the wheelset model test and verified by the finite element analysis of the wheelset. Also, the dynamic behaviour test of the vehicle in operation indicates the main frequencies of the vertical acceleration vibration of the axle boxes, which are dominant in the vertical acceleration vibration of the axle boxes and close to the passing frequency of a polygonal wheel, which shows that the first bending resonant frequency of the wheelset is very exciting in the wheelset operation. The observation test of the polygonal wear development of the wheels indicates an increase in the rate of the polygonal wear of the wheels after their re-profiling. This paper also describes the dynamic models used for the metro vehicle coupled with the ballasted track and the slab track to analyse the effect of the polygonal wear of the wheels on the wheel/rail normal forces.