采用局部的微分求积法求解激波管问题

The localized differential quadrature (LDQ) method is a numerical technique with high accuracy for solving most kinds of nonlinear problems in engineering and can overcome the difficulties of other methods (such as difference method) to numerically evaluate the derivatives of the functions.Its high efficiency and accuracy attract many engineers to apply the method to solve most of the numerical problems in engineering.However,difficulties can still be found in some particular problems.In the following study,the LDQ was applied to solve the Sod shock tube problem.This problem is a very particular kind of problem,which challenges many common numerical methods.Three different examples were given for testing the robustness and accuracy of the LDQ.In the first example,in which common initial conditions and solving methods were given,the numerical oscillations could be found dramatically;in the second example,the initial conditions were adjusted appropriately and the numerical oscillations were less dramatic than that in the first example;in the third example,the momentum equation of the Sod shock tube problem was corrected by adding artificial viscosity,causing the numerical oscillations to nearly disappear in the process of calculation.The numerical results presented demonstrate the detailed difficulties encountered in the calculations,which need to be improved in future work.However,in summary,the localized differential quadrature is shown to be a trustworthy method for solving most of the nonlinear problems in engineering.     

Fast Prediction of Acoustic Radiation from a Hemi-capped Cylindrical Shell in Waveguide

In order to predict acoustic radiation from a structure in waveguide, a method based on wave superposition is proposed, in which the free-space Green＇s function is used to match the strength of equivalent sources. In addition, in order to neglect the effect of sound reflection from boundaries, necessary treatment is conducted, which makes the method more efficient. Moreover, this method is combined with the sound propagation algorithms to predict the sound radiated from a cylindrical shell in waveguide. Numerical simulations show the effect of how reflections can be neglected if the distance between the structure and the boundary exceeds the maximum linear dimension of the structure. It also shows that the reflection from the bottom of the waveguide can be approximated by plane wave conditionally. The proposed method is more robust and efficient in computation, which can be used to predict the acoustic radiation in waveguide.     

航行于波浪中的肥大型船波浪增阻计算研究(英文)

Under the background of the energy saving and emission reduction, more and more attention has been placed on investigating the energy efficiency of ships. The added resistance has been noted for being crucial in predicting the decrease of speed on a ship operating at sea. Furthermore, it is also significant to investigate the added resistance for a ship functioning in short waves of large modern ships. The researcher presents an estimation formula for the calculation of an added resistance study in short waves derived from the reflection law. An improved method has been proposed to calculate the added resistance due to ship motions, which applies the radiated energy theory along with the strip method. This procedure is based on an extended integral equation (EIE) method, which was used for solving the hydrodynamic coefficients without effects of the irregular frequency. Next, a combined method was recommended for the estimation of added resistance for a ship in the whole wave length range. The comparison data with other experiments indicate the method presented in the paper provides satisfactory results for large blunt ship.     

状态空间的船体平直分段装配的偏差诊断和分析(英文)

Dimensional control is one of the most important challenges in the shipbuilding industry.In order to predict assembly dimensional variation in hull flat block construction,a variation stream model based on state space was presented in this paper which can be further applied to accuracy control in shipbuilding.Part accumulative error,locating error,and welding deformation were taken into consideration in this model,and variation propagation mechanisms and the accumulative rule in the assembly process were analyzed.Then,a model was developed to describe the variation propagation throughout the assembly process.Finally,an example of flat block construction from an actual shipyard was given.The result shows that this method is effective and useful.     

运用弹性理论研究有限长圆柱壳声辐射的一个通用方法(英文)

A general method was proposed to study the sound and vibration of a finite cylindrical shell with elastic theory.This method was developed through comprehensive analysis of the uncoupled Helmholtz equation obtained by the decomposition of elastic equations and the structure of the solution of a finite cylindrical shell analyzed by thin shell theory.The proposed method is theoretically suitable for arbitrary thickness of the shell and any frequency.Also,the results obtained through the method can be used to determine the range of application of the thin shell theory.Furthermore,the proposed method can deal with the problems limited by the thin shell theory.Additionally,the method can be suitable for several types of complex cylindrical shell such as the ring-stiffened cylindrical shell,damped cylindrical shell,and double cylindrical shell.     

等效波的散货船舱口角疲劳评估应力组合方法(英文)

The stress combination method for the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier was investigated based on equivalent waves.The principles of the equivalent waves of ship structures were given,including the determination of the dominant load parameter,heading,frequency,and amplitude of the equivalent regular waves.The dominant load parameters of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier were identified by the structural stress response analysis,and then a series of equivalent regular waves were defined based on these parameters.A combination method of the structural stress ranges under the different equivalent waves was developed for the fatigue analysis.The combination factors were obtained by least square regression analysis with the stress ranges derived from spectral fatigue analysis as the target value.The proposed method was applied to the hatch corner of another bulk carrier as an example.This shows that the results from the equivalent wave approach agree well with those from the spectral fatigue analysis.The workload is reduced substantially.This method can be referenced in the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier.     

The method of imbedded Lagrangian element to estimate wave power absorption by some submerged devices

A simple approach is described to estimate the wave power absorption potential of submerged devices known to cause wave focusing and flow enhancement. In particular, the presence of a flow-through power take-off （PTO） system, such as low-head turbines, can be accounted for. The wave radiation characteristics of an appropriately selected Lagrangian element （LE） in the fluid domain are first determined. In the limit of a vanishing mass, the LE reduces to a patch of distributed normal dipoles. The hydrodynamic coefficients of this virtual object are then input in a standard equation of motion where the effect of the PTO can be represented, for example, as a dashpot damping term. The process is illustrated for a class of devices recently proposed by Carter and Ertekin （2011）, although in a simplified form. Favorable wave power absorption is shown for large ratios of the LE wave radiation coefficient over the LE added mass coefficient. Under optimal conditions, the relative flow reduction from the PTO theoretically lies between 0.50 and 1 2 ≈ 0.71, with lower values corresponding to better configurations. Wave power capture widths, the sensitivity of results to PTO damping and sample spectral calculations at a typical site in Hawaiian waters are proposed to further illustrate the versatility of the method.     

嵌入拉格朗日元法估算某些水下装置吸收波浪能研究(英文)

A simple approach is described to estimate the wave power absorption potential of submerged devices known to cause wave focusing and flow enhancement.In particular,the presence of a flow-through power take-off(PTO)system,such as low-head turbines,can be accounted for.The wave radiation characteristics of an appropriately selected Lagrangian element(LE)in the fluid domain are first determined.In the limit of a vanishing mass,the LE reduces to a patch of distributed normal dipoles.The hydrodynamic coefficients of this virtual object are then input in a standard equation of motion where the effect of the PTO can be represented,for example,as a dashpot damping term.The process is illustrated for a class of devices recently proposed by Carter and Ertekin(2011),although in a simplified form.Favorable wave power absorption is shown for large ratios of the LE wave radiation coefficient over the LE added mass coefficient.Under optimal conditions,the relative flow reduction from the PTO theoretically lies between 0.50 and 1 2≈0.71,with lower values corresponding to better configurations.Wave power capture widths,the sensitivity of results to PTO damping and sample spectral calculations at a typical site in Hawaiian waters are proposed to further illustrate the versatility of the method.     

A new data acquisition and processing system for profiling sonar

A multi-beam chirp sonar based on IP connections and DSP processing nodes was proposed and designed to provide an expandable system with high-speed processing and mass-storage of real-time signals for multi-beam profiling sonar.The system was designed for seabed petroleum pipeline detection and orientation,and can receive echo signals and process the data in real time,refreshing the display 10 times per second.Every node of the chirp sonar connects with data processing nodes through TCP/IP. Merely by adding nodes,the system's processing ability can be increased proportionately without changing the software.System debugging and experimental testing proved the system to be practical and stable.This design provides a new method for high speed active sonar.     

船舶动力系统中齿轮箱故障特征提取与模式识别方法研究

A marine propulsion system is a very complicated system composed of many mechanical components.As a result,the vibration signal of a gearbox in the system is strongly coupled with the vibration signatures of other components including a diesel engine and main shaft.It is therefore imperative to assess the coupling effect on diagnostic reliability in the process of gear fault diagnosis.For this reason,a fault detection and diagnosis method based on bispectrum analysis and artificial neural networks (ANNs) was proposed for the gearbox with consideration given to the impact of the other components in marine propulsion systems.To monitor the gear conditions,the bispectrum analysis was first employed to detect gear faults.The amplitude-frequency plots containing gear characteristic signals were then attained based on the bispectrum technique,which could be regarded as an index actualizing forepart gear faults diagnosis.Both the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and the radial-basis function neural network (RBFNN) were applied to identify the states of the gearbox.The numeric and experimental test results show the bispectral patterns of varying gear fault severities are different so that distinct fault features of the vibrant signal of a marine gearbox can be extracted effectively using the bispectrum,and the ANN classification method has achieved high detection accuracy.Hence,the proposed diagnostic techniques have the capability of diagnosing marine gear faults in the earlier phases,and thus have application importance.     

Development of simplified method for prediction of structural response of stiffened plates under explosion loads

During their lifetime, marine structures may be exposed to accidental loadings such as from collisions or explosions, as well as environmental loadings such as from slamming, sloshing and green water. Such loadings can cause damage to structures. Therefore, to minimize such damage, advanced and robust design guidelines should be formulated. Among those loads, in this study, explosions imparting an impulsive pressure loading containing a rapid increase in pressure and a short duration that can cause serious casualties, property losses, and marine pollution were considered. In this paper, a practical and robust method for damage assessment of marine structures exposed to explosion loads based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and numerical simulations is proposed. The SDOF method was improved by introduction of new and better idealization resistance for the system and consideration of the effect of strain-rate, and subsequently was verified by a numerical method developed using the commercial ABAQUS software package. The numerical method was itself validated by comparison with relevant pulse pressure test data available in the open literature (good correlation was shown). Based on the validated numerical models, a rigorous parametric study of the structural response of stiffened plates having actual scantlings of offshore structures was performed. The numerically obtained maximum deformations were compared with the results from the improved SDOF method in a parametric study, and the variation of both methods was verified. Finally, simple yet accurate and reliable formulations for prediction of structural response were empirically derived. These formulations are expected to be usefully employed as a first-hand tool for prediction of damage extent of marine structures (including offshore structures) due to explosion loads.     

时域螺旋桨空泡噪声的球空泡脉动体积方法

采用球形体积方法对时域螺旋桨空泡噪声进行了数值计算,并与另外2种方法进行了比较。首先提出单极子模型计算螺旋桨空泡噪声的可行性;其次应用面元法计算出满足螺旋桨水动力学条件以及空泡动力学条件的螺旋桨空泡形状;最后结合Lighthill方程在特殊情况下的解将空泡体积脉动转换为螺旋桨空泡噪声。     

基于IDW插值的测量数据等值线生成方法

航道测量是航道维护管理的重要工作,而测量数据的内业成图是电子航道图、数字航道等运行的数据基础。针对传统等值线绘制与检查流程耗费大量人力与工时的问题,采用IDW(反距离加权)插值方法与ArcGIS工具,设计了等值线生产方法与优化方案,并以此开发等值线生成平台。实践表明:新的等值线生产方法具有较高的生产效率,等值线生成平台可以推广应用于航道内业制图。     

用于逆变器驱动的多脉波整流方法分析

文章对舰船用于逆变器驱动的多脉波整流方法进行了论述,并对24脉波整流电路构成作了详细说明和计算。     

LFM-Costas编码信号在水下目标识别中的应用

在水声对抗中,为了有效对抗假目标和准确判别目标尺度,提出了一种具有较高时-频联合分辨力和抗混响能力的LFM-Costas编码信号形式。并在浅海混响信道模型和目标多亮点模型基础上研究了LFM-Costas编码信号的目标尺度判别性能。通过仿真和海上试验,表明LFM-Costas编码信号在混响背景下能准确判别目标尺度,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

同轴脉冲探头的校准与测试探讨

对一种结构新颖的同轴脉冲探头的工作原理和测试方法进行了讨论.同轴脉冲探头由一段硬同轴线和集成于其中的电场传感器构成,用于测试传导型电磁脉冲电流或电压的时域波形.由于没有磁芯结构,同轴脉冲探头的高频响应和承载功率性能都优于普通电流探头,在传导型电磁脉冲测试方面具有一定优势.本文采用频域内的软件补偿方法,通过传输函数对同轴脉冲探头进行了校准, 校准后的测试结果与实际脉冲波形数据的误差率不大于15%,具有较高的测试准确度.     

基于知识组件的船舶空调通风系统原理图快速生成方法

[目的]针对船舶空调通风系统原理图绘制效率低、数据管理难的问题,提出一种该系统原理图快速生成方法.[方法]首先,分析船舶空调通风系统原理图绘制过程,定义此系统的知识组件模型、实体建模和实例化过程;然后,结合该系统的设计特点,设计基于知识组件的原理图快速生成业务模型和数据交换模型;最后,以AutoCAD和PDM系统为平台...     

水下爆炸冲击波和气泡脉动的数值模拟研究

运用AUTODYN程序对水下爆炸冲击波和气泡脉动进行了数值模拟研究.首先模拟了无限水域中的水下爆炸冲击波,然后将深水爆炸简化为一维问题,采用一维方法对深水爆炸冲击波和气泡脉动进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与经验公式和实验结果进行了比较.模拟结果表明,AUTODYN能准确模拟近场水下爆炸冲击波和深水爆炸气泡脉动过程,计算得到的近场水下爆炸冲击波峰值压力和比冲量、水质点速度、气泡最大半径、脉动周期、二次压力波的峰值压力和比冲量等特性参数均与经验公式、理论公式和实验结果吻合良好.远场的冲击波峰值压力的计算值小于经验值,而且计算误差随着爆距的增加而增大.最后总结了模拟结果,得出了对工程应用有益的结论.     

SWT方法在内部充水弹性球壳散射的应用

采用Sommerfeld-Watson变换(SWT)方法研究了内部充水弹性球壳的散射,应用绕数积分求根方法在频率域复平面和波数域复平面求解环绕波的频散方程。比较了弹性球壳在内部真空和内部充水两种情况下环绕波相速度曲线和衰减曲线,结果表明内部流体负载使得相对于内部真空情况有大量流体环绕波产生,相邻流体环绕波相速度曲线的"排斥"现象是明显的,流体波向周围媒质的再辐射作用在其相速度接近内部真空球壳弹性环绕波相速度的时候达到局部极值。用镜反射波和环绕波的叠加合成反向散射形态函数,与简正级数解符合良好。