Development of public transport systems in small cities: A roadmap for achieving sustainable development goal indicator 11.2

United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Number 11 aims to promote inclusiveness and sustainable urbanization, such that cities can become productive and accessible places for attracting talent, encouraging innovation, and creating economic growth. SDG Target 11.2 specifically mentions urban transport. Localizing SDG Target 11.2 involves city governments ensuring a public transport (PT) system that has at least two dimensions of accessibility: physical and economic. This translates to ensuring barrier-free physical access to the PT system, as well as affordable fares for using the PT system. This study presents a process for operationalizing the SDG Target 11.2 indicator for small cities in India. The study focuses on addressing physical access to quality public transport system. Presently, the commuters in these cities are dependent on intermediate PT (IPT) systems to meet their mobility needs.Small cities lack a detailed database for planning PT systems. Master plans are generally prepared by planning authorities to guide the future development of cities; however, the master plan documents lack discussion and vision for future mobility, as required by SDG Target 11.2. This study concludes that the current indicator for SDG Target 11.2 requires modification to ensure SDG-compliant PT systems in small cities. An integrated IPT and PT system is required to improve access to high-quality PT systems, in line with SDG Target 11.2.     

Future of road safety and SDG 3.6 goals in six Indian cities

In this paper, we use estimates of the effectiveness of existing road safety technologies and interventions to estimate the reduction in road safety deaths in six Indian cities over the next decade, in order to achieve the SDG 3.6 goal of a 50% reduction by 2030. Only the existing interventions are considered and technologies that might be available in the future are not accounted for. The results show that similar policies for all cities will not produce the same results, and that achieving the SDG 3.6 goal does not automatically reduce fatality rates in cities with high fatality rates. The introduction of safer cars with currently available safety technologies, although necessary, will have much less effect than the combined effect of motorcycle safety technologies, speed control and traffic calming. This study suggests that while SDG 3.6 targets may be satisfied by 2030 with great effort in India, the presently available safety interventions may not be adequate to bring about death rates below 2.0 per hundred thousand persons. Since the situation differs significantly between cities, it will be important to evolve city-specific policies for safety intervention priorities and changes in travel behavior. The desired reduction in road traffic injuries in India will not be possible without much greater investment in road safety research and road design for safer travel.     

中小城市起讫点（OD）调查最优抽样量模型

基于抽样理论、最优化理论和出行需求预测方法,提出了以中小城市起讫点（OD）交通调查费用最小为目标,以调查精度为约束的最优抽样量计算模型和算法。实践结果表明：该方法有效地解决了调查费用和精度的矛盾,减少抽样量,仅用国际上推荐抽样率的1／10的抽样量就能得到预定精度的预测结果;对于具有简单交通流向的中小城市,能明显提高OD调查工作效率。     

对实现农村公路可持续发展的几点思考

农村公路是广大农村地区最主要的交通基础设施,农村的公路建设和发展直接影响农民的生产和生活。文章指出,各级政府对农村公路的重视程度和投入力度,才是保障农村公路良好运营、促进农村公路全面协调可持续发展的关键。     

对道路运输管理行业可持续发展的几点思考

针对有些现行的道路运输管理机构的管理体制制约着行业管理向前发展的情况,分析了目前道路运输管理机构体制上存在的问题,并对道路运输市场如何可持续发展提出了建议。     

公路交通可持续发展评价指标及评价方法研究

根据公路交通可持续发展评价的内容和特点,从公路交通可持续发展水平、发展能力、发展协调性3个方面建立了评价指标体系;提出了指标属性值和无量纲化的计算方法;应用模糊识别原理,结合AHP权重确定方法,依据公路交通可持续发展目标(级别划分)的实现程度,提出公路交通可持续发展的多级模糊识别综合评价模型;其评价方法和模型,反映了公路交通可持续发展的内涵,对区域公路交通可持续发展评价有借鉴作用。最后,进行了实证研究。     

立转开启式桥梁桥面铺装研究关键技术及其难点

在介绍国内外立转开启式桥梁桥面铺装研究现状的基础上,从轻质铺装材料开发和薄型铺装结构研究、基于大悬臂结构和界面接触特性的力学性能数值模拟、黏结层材料试验3个方面阐述了立转开启式桥梁桥面铺装研究的关键技术和难点。     

中国汽车工业可持续发展的必由之路--新型能源清洁汽车

随着汽车的不断普及,来自能源及环保的压力不断增大。分析了电动汽车及代用燃料汽车的前景,并阐述了我国应当加快清洁能源汽车研制的必要性及在该领域已经取得的成果,最后展望了我国未来新型能源汽车的前景。     

商用车配件市场的可持续发展——本刊年终专稿(四)

正因为商用车的绝大部分还没有被套上"品牌营销管理"的"枷锁",因此其经营模式也是最活跃的、最具有创新力的.售后服务行业十余年的连锁经营梦想终于在近年内得以实现,并体现了强大的生命力.     

Safety of child passengers who ride to school on a motorcycle: An observational study in two Argentine cities

In low- and middle-income countries, the motorcycle has increasingly become a means of family transportation due to its low cost and the poor quality of public transportation. Consequently, many child motorcycle passengers are at an elevated risk of serious injury in the event of a traffic crash. The available research on child safety devices is scarce and focused mainly on helmet use, while other devices (e.g. high-visibility clothing) have received little attention. This observational study documented the safety conditions and related factors of primary schoolchildren who rode to school as motorcycle passengers in two cities of Argentina.Data was obtained in the vicinity of 27 public primary schools in two cities of Argentina (one mid-sized city and the other a small city by the country's standards) between May 2018 and September 2019. A total of 1440 motorcycle occupants (656 drivers and 784 child passengers) were observed.The use of an adequate helmet was lower among children (vs. drivers). Most of the children were unable to reach the motorcycle's footrests, did not use high-visibility clothing or a fastening device, carried a backpack, and mounted and dismounted the motorcycle in an unsafe place. Some children rode in front of the driver or in a motorcycle with three or four occupants. Use of helmet by drivers and driver sex (woman) were related with an increase in safety in children. The indicators were worse in the larger city.The results revealed a low level of adoption of safety measures in children as well as in adults in both cities. This suggests that motorcycle travel is unsafe. Greater effort is needed to improve motorcycle safety, especially for children. It is important to debate regulatory details such as a minimum age for passengers, a limit on the number of passengers, and other safety criteria. It is also important to conduct educational campaigns that include the distribution of safety devices.     

一款小车如何再造五菱

国产特斯拉Model 3横扫中国新能源车市场时,能在销量上与之分庭抗礼的,不是长期以国内电动车标杆自称的比亚迪,也不是被资本市场寄予厚望的新造车势力蔚来、小鹏,而是一款售价2.88万起的微型电动汽车五菱宏光MINI EV. 这款2020年7月底才正式上市的新能源车型,仅在一个多月后,就开始蝉联国内新能源销量冠军;202...     

呼和浩特市公共交通发展战略初探

鉴于城市发展与交通发展、交通资源增长与交通需求增长之间永恒的不平衡性,"公交优先"已成为当代城市解决交通问题的共同选择。文章在对呼和浩特公交现状深入调查的基础上,分析总结其存在的问题,进而提出呼和浩特市公共交通发展战略,并给出相应的保障措施,旨在对促进呼和浩特城市公共交通体系的完善,运行质量的提高,出行结构的优化及交通压力的缓解提供理论支持。     

跨海大桥建设的主要技术现状与面临的挑战

在总结我国近年在跨海大桥建设中所取得的技术成果的基础上分析今后所面临的技术问题,包括:对确保混凝土结构耐久性的关键技术的系统研究;对结合风场实测开展的颤振和涡振研究及振动控制研究的进一步深入;除常规抗震分析外,还需考虑桥梁基础结构-海水波流-软覆盖层的动力耦合效应,以确保其有足够的抗震能力;研发诸如钢箱梁吊装的船舶动力定位系统等关键设备和施工技术;研发高强、轻质的缆索材料;进一步研发能实现全面和精细化分析复杂桥梁结构的大型软件。     

呼伦贝尔市永冻土地区小桥涵基础研究

在准确掌握冻土区水文、地质、气象等资料的基础上,综合工程冻土学、陆地水文学、地下水动力学、热力学的基础理论进行温度场数值模拟,并通过典型性试验研究,总结出在季冻土地区进行公路桥涵建设的规律和方法,为在呼伦贝尔及类似冻土地区进行小桥涵施工提供指导,并进一步为在高寒地区公路、铁路桥涵基础、房屋建筑基础提供理论依据。     

我国大中城市公交市场需求探讨

本文以2008年春秋两季对成都、西安等大中城市公交客车车型、高峰时段各车型载客情况以及公交公司运营情况的全面调查为基础,分析了目前以成都、西安为代表的大中城市公交客车的营运状况,并与国外大城市公交客车的运行情况作了比较,提出在今后一定时期内,我国大中城市公交客车市场需要应是车长适中（10～11m）的大容量公交客车。     

中国汽车出口东盟市场面对的挑战及对策分析

随着时代的发展,汽车贸易出口也在逐步的增加,中国汽车的国际市场实力不容小觑.为了使中国的汽车走出国门,积极地参与竞争,就必须顺应时代的发展,拓展市场宽度.     

中国重汽：以产业发展支持灾后重建

4月11日,中国重汽集团绵阳专用车有限公司隆重举行开业揭牌仪式。     

燃料电池汽车发展的研究与分析

本文描述了欧洲、美国、日本等世界发达国家及中国燃料电池汽车的发展动态,对各国现阶段对于燃料电池汽车采取的态度、技术选择、发展规划和政府支持等情况进行了详细的分析和研究。