Hydrodynamic comparison of a semi-submersible, TLP, and Spar: Numerical study in the South China Sea environment

The South China Sea contains tremendous oil and gas resources in deepwater areas. However, one of the keys for deepwater exploration, the investigation of deepwater floating platforms, is very inadequate. In this paper, the authors studied and compared the hydrodynamics and global motion behaviors of typical deepwater platforms in the South China Sea environment. The hydrodynamic models of three main types of floating platforms, e.g. the Semi-submersible, tension leg platform (TLP), and Truss Spar, which could potentially be utilized in the South China Sea, were established by using the 3-D potential theory. Additionally, some important considerations which significantly influence the hydrodynamics were given. The RAOs in frequency domains as well as global motions in time domains under time-varying wind, random waves, and current in 100-y, 10-y, and 1-y return period environment conditions were predicted, compared, and analyzed. The results indicate that the heave and especially the pitch motion of the TLP are favorable. The heave response of the Truss Spar is perfect and comparable with that of the TLP when the peak period of random waves is low. However, the pitch motion of Truss Spar is extraordinarily larger than that of Semi-submersible and TLP.     

一种超深水半潜式钻井平台钻井系统总体设计和布置方案

超深水半潜式钻井平台是深水海洋油气资源开发的重要装备。本文总结第七代超深水半潜式钻井平台参数需求,结合钻井系统总体布置要求,总体分析钻井各核心子系统的布置,最终形成一套超深水钻井系统总体布置方案,为超深水钻井平台钻井系统的工程设计提供参考。     

浮式抗冰平台设计理念及水动力特性研究

钻探极地地区近海石油和天然气资源对移动式离岸钻井平台的水动力性能、抗冰性能和作业性能有着极大的要求。本文主要介绍了浮式抗冰平台的设计方案,并结合当今最新一款半潜式抗冰平台的设计理念,分别从频域和时域分析的角度与传统的半潜式平台作对比,分析得出其具有优越的水动力性能,垂荡、横摇、纵摇运动响应都优于传统的半潜平台,为下一步抗冰性能分析及其关键技术的研究做基础,同时也给半潜式平台带来新的设计理念,为浮式抗冰平台的设计建造提供合理思路。     

Spar平台上部设施和设备总体布置

深水油气田的开发推动了深水浮式平台技术的发展,目前已有三类深水浮式平台在国外深水油气田开发中得到应用,Spar平台是其中的一种。随着我国南海深水油气资源的不断发现,提出了对深水浮式平台技术的需求。南海深水气田是在中国南海深水海域发现的第一个深水气田,为了验证深水桁架式Spar平台在南海深水气田开发中的可行性,我们对深水桁架式Spar平台设计技术进行了研究,Spar平台上部设施、设备总体布置也为主要研究内容。本文介绍Spar平台的发展历程,研究了Spar平台上部设施、设备总体布置方法,以及Spar平台上部设施设备的布置应考虑的要点,以供本领域研究设计人员了解参考。     

一种新型立柱式平台(Spar)的垂荡板设计

SPAR平台大多需要满足干式井口作业要求,对平台的垂荡性能要求较高。为降低平台的垂荡运动响应,通常在SPAR平台的桁架段设置垂荡板以增加垂荡阻尼和附加质量。以某新型立柱式平台(SPAR)为研究对象,对不同间距设置和型式的垂荡板进行性能分析,确定了平台的垂荡板的最终设计方案。     

海洋工程装备关键技术和支撑技术分析

针对主要海洋工程装备,特别是深水海洋工程装备,从技术研究的角度,阐述了自升式钻井平台、半潜式钻井平台、钻井船、张力腿平台、立柱式平台、浮式生产储卸油装置、海洋工程作业船、海洋工程辅助船等关键技术的技术特征及技术研究内容,以及动力定位系统、深水锚系泊系统等支撑技术的技术特征及技术研究内容。     

干式井口半潜式平台技术的发展

随着海上油气生产逐步向深海发展,现有的干式井口支持平台TLP和Spar平台渐渐表现出其局限性,于是提出了将干式井口用于半潜平台的设想。文章介绍了几种新型干式井口半潜平台的设计理念,并指出新型结构设计所面临的新问题,对南海油气开发具有一定的参考意义。     

深水半潜式生产储油平台系泊锚机电控系统设计及应用

系泊锚机是1500m深水半潜式生产储油平台的关键装备之一,其电控系统要求可靠性高、布置紧凑、智能化水平高.文章通过分析深水半潜式生产储油平台系泊系统组成、锚机的结构、电控系统所要求功能,划分出功能模块,选择可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)及现场总线的技术思路,进行设备布置、网络架构、硬软件的选择,设计出一套电控系统,实现了系...     

深水半潜式钻井平台码头抗台风系泊计算分析

深水半潜式钻井平台在码头舾装的周期较长,为确保安全,需对其码头系泊系统进行计算,以得到合理的系泊布置方式。以某深水半潜式钻井平台的码头系泊系统为例,进行风、流载荷共同作用下的抗台风系泊计算分析,建立了多浮体混合带缆系泊系统。     

淬火回火钢在深海半潜式钻井平台中的应用

阐述了超高强度的淬火回火钢（调制钢）在深海半潜式钻井平台中的应用。根据半潜式钻井平台结构承受主要载荷特征及其传递路径,对关键部位的连接结构与集中开孔区域,采用超高强度淬火回火钢;描述了超高强度淬火回火钢焊接工艺,以及采用有效措施控制其焊接裂纹产生,取得了很好的效果。     

深水定位系泊系统关键设备的三链轮锚机控制操作研究

定位系泊系统作为深水半潜式钻井平台的关键设备之一,已广泛应用于深水平台的作业中。介绍了深水定位系泊系统关键设备——三链轮深水定位锚机的主要组成及功能,尤其对它的操作界面及操作流程等进行了重点说明和研究。     

深海平台结构的波浪载荷与动态响应特征

简要介绍当前运用较广的TLP、FPSO、Spar等型式深海平台的生产背景和主要特点,通过对上述各种结构型式深海平台的优、缺点进行深入的比较分析,探讨在南海特殊海洋环境下进行油气资源开采时宜采用的最合理的平台结构型式。     

一新型深吃水平台的概念设计(英文)

The authors analyzed requirements for a new deepwater platform, from conceptual design to hydrodynamic analysis. The design incorporated Deep Draft Multi-Spar (DDMS) that allowed easy fabrication, reduced costs, and provided favorable motion performance. It also provided a dry tree system and other benefits. The conceptual design process included dimension estimation, general arrangements, weight estimation, weight distribution, stability analysis, etc. A high order boundary element method based on potential theory and the modified Morison equation was used to predict the hydrodynamic and viscous effects of this new concept platform. The response amplitude operators (RAOs) were acquired and compared with those of a typical Truss Spar. The response of the platform to the JONSWAP spectra of 3 different extreme ocean conditions was analyzed to evaluate the seakeeping ability of the new concept. The results revealed favorable motion performance due to all the degrees of freedom available.     

动力定位系统的研究与分析

动力定位系统在船舶和海洋工程有着大量的应用,特别是在深水石油开发钻井平台中成为必备的关键设备。海洋钻井平台在钻井作业过程中要求其不受海洋气象环境的影响,保持在一个相对确定的海面位置上。早期浅水浮式钻井平台采用锚定位的方式可以胜任该项作业要求,但随着水深的增加,特别在大于1000米水深时,从技术和经济角度考虑已不能适应实际的需要。本文集中介绍动力定位系统的组成和系统配置,为以后的动力定位系统设计起到一定的借鉴作用。     

关于南海海洋平台选型及研究方向探讨

本文简述了国内外深海油气勘探开发现状以及海洋平台发展情况,分析各类平台的结构特点及应用状况,根据我国南海深水油气生产需要和海况,对我国南海区油气开发选取海洋平台类型以及重点研究方向,提出几点浅见。     

海上半潜式浮式风机平台系泊系统对比研究

选取5MW-OC4深水半潜式浮式风机平台为参考模型,利用AQWA软件建立半潜式浮式风机平台模型,在频域范围内计算浮式风机平台运动响应,得到平台幅频响应曲线,以验证数值分析的可靠性。选取3种浮式风机平台系泊系统,对比研究系泊系统改变对浮式风机平台运动响应的影响规律,同时分析极端环境条件下单缆失效对浮式平台运动响应及系泊缆张力的影响。计算结果对浮式风机平台系泊系统的优化设计有一定的参考意义。     

吸力式基础在深水油气田开发中的应用探讨

基于吸力式基础在全球深水油气田开发设施中的工程应用调研结果,对比分析此类基础较其他基础型式的优势,介绍吸力式基础的设计和施工过程应该着重考虑的问题,展望其在国内的应用前景。     

中国南海ASDD深水试验井中的锚泊设计与作业(英文)

Mooring systems play an important role for semi-submersible rigs that drill in deepwater.A detailed analysis was carried out on the mooring of a semi-submersible rig that conducted a trial well drilling at a deepwater location in the South China Sea in 2009.The rig was 30 years old and had a shallow platform with a designed maximum operating water depth of 457 m.Following the mooring analysis,a mooring design was given that requires upgrading of the rig’s original mooring system.The upgrade included several innovations,such as installing eight larger anchors,i.e.replacing the original anchors and inserting an additional 600 m of steel wires with the existing chains.All this was done to enhance the mooring capability of the rig in order for the rig to be held in position to conduct drilling at a water depth of 476 m.The overall duration of the drilling was 50 days and the upgraded mooring system proved to be efficient in achieving the goal of keeping the rig stationary while it was drilling the trial well in the South China Sea.This successful campaign demonstrates that an older semi-submersible rig can take on drilling in deep water after careful design and proper upgrading and modification to the original mooring system.     

深水Spar平台在不规则波中的运动响应

南海水深一般在500m到2000m,属于深水区,Spar平台的适用水深为500m到3000m,是深水开发的经济型平台.对系泊于2000m水深的Classic spar平台在不规则波作用下的运动响应和缆索张力进行了数值模拟.首先通过频域方法得到Spar平台的波浪作用力传递函数、附加质量和辐射阻尼,然后通过快速傅立叶变换将频域结果转换到时域;基于全量的拉格朗日表述和两节点的等参索单元,应用几何非线性有限元方法和Newmark方法计算系泊缆索张力;应用四阶龙哥库塔法计算时域运动方程,得到Spar平台的运动响应和缆索张力.采用JONSWAP波能谱生成不规则波面,考虑了谱峰升高因子不同取值的影响,分析了二阶漂移力、不同缆索初张力和缆索刚度对于系泊系统的影响.     

浮式海上风力机运动性能和锚泊系统(英文)

The development of offshore wind farms was originally carried out in shallow water areas with fixed(seabed mounted) structures.However,countries with limited shallow water areas require innovative floating platforms to deploy wind turbines offshore in order to harness wind energy to generate electricity in deep seas.The performances of motion and mooring system dynamics are vital to designing a cost effective and durable floating platform.This paper describes a numerical model to simulate dynamic behavior of a new semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) system.The wind turbine was modeled as a wind block with a certain thrust coefficient,and the hydrodynamics and mooring system dynamics of the platform were calculated by SESAM software.The effect of change in environmental conditions on the dynamic response of the system under wave and wind loading was examined.The results indicate that the semi-submersible concept has excellent performance and SESAM could be an effective tool for floating wind turbine design and analysis.