基于数值模拟的半潜式钻井平台附加质量研究

为了较为完整地明确计算钻井平台影响附加质量的因素,以及附加质量之间的关系,文章主要基于数值模拟计算的方法,通过水动力分析软件AQWA求解平台36个附加质量分量,通过与数学模型计算对比分析得到相应的结果。从AQWA分析得到的视图中可知,平台的附加质量分量随波浪频率的变化而变化;在横荡方向的附加质量由小到大依次为型一、型二、型三平台,与平台在xoz平面内的面积投影大小关系对应,而纵荡方向附加质量基本与平台在yoz平面内的面积投影大小关系对应;通过公式计算的附加质量分量与数值模拟的独立附加质量分量数高度一致。得到平台的附加质量大小与波浪的频率有关;平台在坐标平面上的投影面积大小能在一定程度上反应出附加质量的大小;36个附加质量分量中有21个是独立的。     

估算船舶上层建筑固有频率的新方法

确定船舶上层建筑固有频率是船舶上层建筑减振设计的重要内容。为提供船舶初期设计阶段应用,必须建立一个可靠的估算船舶上层建筑固有频率的方法。至今国外不少船级社和研究机构根据实测数据回归分析提出了一些估算方法,但因考虑的因素过于简单,预报精度都不太理想。 为改进估算方法,本文从理论模型研究着手,运用正交试验、回归分析等方法,提出了一个能考虑更多影响因素的估算船舶上层建筑固有频率的新方法,使预报精度有较大提高。     

浅水塔架式单点系泊系统低频响应实验研究

浅水中,单点系泊系统可能存在显著的低频运动,低频大幅运动响应会给系泊系统设计带来严重影响,是系泊系统设计的控制因素之一,在水动力性能预报时必须仔细予以考虑。针对HYSY113FPSO单点系泊系统在浅水风浪流条件下的运动性能进行了物理模型试验研究和数值对比,定量分析了低频运动的运动量和产生的原因,所得结论可供今后浅水水域塔架式单点系泊系统设计参考。     

抗振板壳结构的仿生拓扑优化设计方法

以抗振结构设计为目标,将仿生设计技术应用于板壳结构加强部件的分布设计中,提出了一种简单高效的结构拓扑优化设计方法,以处理具有复杂边界条件的抗振板壳结构的拓扑优化设计.将结构加强部件分布的形成看成和植物根系的成长过程一样,加强部件从给定的"种子"出发,根据一定的成长规则生长、分歧或退化,在体积增量的控制下,形成最优的分布形态.设计结果可作为进一步详细设计的近似优化模型.对一些典型的抗振板壳结构进行了设计,结果表明所提出的方法克服了现有的结构拓扑优化技术的一些局限性,可简单有效地处理复杂结构的设计问题.     

Sequential sampling method using Gaussian process regression for estimating extreme structural response

A methodology for estimating extreme response statistics for marine structures, that takes both the long-term variability of the metocean environment and the short-term variability of response into account is presented. The proposed methodology uses Gaussian process regression to estimate parameters of the short-term response distribution, based on output from computationally expensive hydrodynamic simulations. We present an adaptive design strategy for sequential updating of the model, focusing on the metocean conditions that contribute the most to the long-term extreme. With this approach, only a limited number of hydrodynamic simulations are needed.The suggested approach is demonstrated on the problem of estimating the 25-year extreme vertical bending moment on a ship. We show that a relatively small number of iterations (full hydrodynamic simulations) are needed to converge toward the “exact” results obtained by running a large number of simulations covering the entire range of sea states.The results suggest that the proposed method can be used as an alternative to contour-based methods or other methods that consider a few sea states using accurate numerical simulations, with little or no added complexity or computational effort.     

Ultimate strength design of stiffened plates under axial compression and bending

The basis for design of stiffened plates under longitudinal compression is outlined and predictions using several codes are compared against numerical results from an inelastic beam-column formulation and test results. In order to explore the inherent differences in column behaviour separately from discrepancies arising due to plate panel behaviour, the code predictions are re-evaluated adopting a common plate panel effective width formulation. On this basis, a critical review of code methods is made and some modifications are proposed.

The effect of the magnitude and direction of applied uniform bending on the axial capacity of stiffened plates is investigated by comparing two alternative design approaches, namely an interaction equation and a method based on the Perry equation, against results from numerical analyses and from rigid plastic theory. The interaction equation is invariably more conservative than the Perry approach but its simplicity tends to be convenient for routine design applications. Finally, results of numerical analyses, together with experimental results from previous studies, on continuous stiffened plates under combined axial compression and lateral pressure are presented and available design guidance is discussed.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of fatigue damage due to wave-induced vibrations in a containership in head seas

Fatigue cracks have been known to occur in welded ships for several decades. For large ocean-going ships wave-induced vibrations can, depending on trade and design, cause up to 50% of the fatigue damage. The vibrations may be due to springing and whipping effects. In this paper, we address the fatigue damage caused by wave-induced vibrations in a containership of newer design trading in the North Atlantic. The fatigue damage was obtained both experimentally and numerically. The experimental results were found from tests performed with a flexible model of the ship, while the numerical predictions were done using nonlinear hydroelastic strip theory. The measurements showed that the wave-induced vibrations contributed approximately 40% of the total fatigue damage. The numerical method predicted the wave frequency damage well, but was found to overestimate the total fatigue damage by 50%. This was mainly due to an overprediction of the wave-induced vibrations. The discrepancy is partly related to three-dimensional (3D) effects which are not included in the two-dimensional (2D) slamming calculation, and partly to an overprediction of the springing contribution. Moreover, the numerical method does not account for the steady wave due to forward speed. By using a simplified approach we show that high-frequency damage can be significantly reduced by including the steady wave for the relevant vessel, implying better agreement with the experimental results.     

Selection of appropriate numerical models for modelling the stresses in mooring chains

Mooring chains are key components for floating platforms. The failure of these components can be catastrophic in terms of the economic and environmental impacts, especially when dealing with the potential failure of FPSOs. However, mooring failures have been regularly occurring much earlier in their service lives than expected, with almost 50% of the reported failures happening in the first 3 years of 20-year design lives. Although the operating stresses play a major role in determining the failure mechanisms of mooring chains, the methods of predicting the operating stresses in mooring chains vary in the openly available literature, and the accuracy of these different numerical methods for predicting types of mooring failures is unknown. There is currently little evidence provided for when one model is appropriate for a particular scenario. Therefore, this paper benchmarks the different available methods for modelling mooring chains under tension, including FE models found in the literature. These models are calibrated and verified against previous studies and compared with experiments and a developed FE explicit model. There is a significant difference in the way that the numerical models behave, which are discussed in terms of their applicability and limitations in modelling mooring chains. The results of this study show that the explicit modelling approach should be utilised for accurate assessment of mooring lines, as it provides the most realistic response, with a substantial reduction in the computational cost and without any convergence problems.     

海滨电厂桥墩式取水口局部冲淤变化的工程计算方法

针对大型电厂海域取排水工程中桥墩式取水口的局部冲淤问题,从势流理论和柱状坐标系下床面变形方程出发,推导单个取水口的冲淤强度理论计算公式,并利用有限差分法离散笛卡尔坐标系下的床面变形方程,提出便于求解的冲淤场数值模拟方法.以某工程的海水冷却系统取水口为例,应用该理论公式和数学模型估算取水口附近的泥沙淤积情况取得较好效果,...     

超低频有源桥式微分器型陷波器的设计与实现

在超低频通信系统中50Hz工频干扰是主要的干扰源之一,为了抑制丁频干扰,通常要在前置电路中加入陷波滤波器.介绍一种性能优越的陷波滤波器一有源桥式微分器,推导设计公式,并从得到的转移函数出发,重点分析理论上元件值的偏差对陷波器性能产生的影响;总结设计方法,针对超低频通信系统的工程应用,设计出具体的实现电路,实测表明有源桥式微分器型陷波器性能优越,完全能够满足工程要求.     

纵环加筋圆柱薄壳的塑性屈曲试验与分析

本文进行了纵环加筋圆柱薄壳在均布外压作用下的屈曲试验和分析研究。采用塑性形变理论和Misos屈服准则，在能量原理基础上导出了壳体简明的屈曲分析公式。给出了四个铝合金模型的屈曲破坏试验结果，描述了模型的破坏特征和破坏过程。试验及数值分析结果表明，在一定参数范围内，壳体将发生总体塑性屈曲破坏，且破坏表现为一个过程，局部屈曲将影响到总体屈曲临界压力。本文提供的总体屈曲简明分析方法具有较好的精度，可供初步设计时使用。     

水面舰船流噪声数值预报研究与应用

在梳理流噪声数值预报方法的基础上,采用流场大涡模拟（large eddy simulation,LES）和声学边界元（boundary element method,BEM）方法在频域内计算预报了船体流噪声谱曲线,求取了其等效声中心.LES计算时选用动力学Smagorinsky-Lilly（dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly,DSM）亚格子应力模型,流噪声由船体壁面脉动压力和法向速度特性决定,声源节点和声节点变量传递采用一对一的守恒传递方式.结果表明：某型船在航速14 kn时,裸船体流噪声在20 Hz~2 kHz频段内总声源级为133dB;当计算有效频段扩展到20 kHz时,总声源级达143.3 dB.流噪声主要来源于兴波引起的涡量,且主要集中于100 Hz~10 kHz频段.球首尾流区和船体尾涡区对流噪声辐射量贡献明显,特别是球首尾流区,对全频段都有明显的贡献,为水面舰艇流噪声研究提供了一条新的途径.     

船用推进变频调速装置保护技术研究

推进变频调速装置是船用电力推进系统关键组成部分,一旦损坏不能正常运行,将导致全船整个推进系统瘫痪,失去前进动力。基于推进变频调速装置在船用电力推进系统中的重要使命,本文针对船用变频调速装置可能存在的故障类型进行了分析,提出了相应故障类型的保护要求,给出了保护方法,并对关键保护技术进行了试验验证。试验结果满足设计要求,证明了保护方法的可实现与有效,提高了船用动力系统的可靠性,具有较高的理论研究价值和工程应用价值。     

钢-泡沫结构冲击性能的建模方法

从经典的层合板理论出发,根据钢-泡沫结构力学性能,引出钢-泡沫结构的本构关系。通过对钢-泡沫结构的冲击进行数值模拟,得出最大碰撞力与经验公式得出的最大碰撞力进行比较,确定理想的建模方式为铺层方法,进而对钢-泡沫结构的碰撞性能进行综合研究与分析,并为系统研究船舶耐撞性提供一定参考意见。     

长江口综合整治工程波要素计算方法

长江口位于开敞海域,波浪随季节变化,波况极为复杂。工程水域的设计波要素关系到海塘防洪安全,对于长江口综合整治工程有着重要影响。采用经验公式和数学模型两种方法计算长江口海域的波浪。研究结果表明,两种方法计算的平均波高相近;数学模型计算的波周期更符合波浪传播变形规律,经验公式计算的波周期偏保守、对工程来说偏安全。对两种计算方法的优缺点进行了比较分析。建议采用数学模型计算长江口水域的波要素,并采用经验公式进行复核。必要时结合波浪实测数据和物理模型,提高计算结果的准确性,为长江口综合整治工程提供可靠的设计波要素。     

大型舰船总振动固有频率近似计算研究

基于我国舰船的设计规律,提出了一种精确计算大型舰船总振动固有频率所需初始数据的虚拟设计方法。以某舰船为原型,设计出177～200 m船长范围内系列虚拟船型主尺度及船体等值梁数据。计算出系列舰船虚拟船型船体的总振动固有频率值,扩展了船体总振动固有频率近似公式中统计系数的统计样本范围,利用扩展的统计样本数据提出了适合估算大型舰船船体总振动固有频率的经验公式。     

舰船RCS整形设计中的电磁分析

减小舰船雷达散射截面（RCS）需要对舰船进行整形设计。本文从分析舰船典型结构——金属板的RCS与雷达波的入射角、频率及几何尺寸的关系出发,采用物理光学法导出了金属平板RCS与倾斜角的理论公式,确定了在单频点或多频点对平板进行雷达隐身设计的最佳倾斜角,通过具体实例说明了在舰船整形设计时,采用本文给出的计算公式可以对舰船的RCS和舱室容积进行折衷设计。结论对舰船雷达隐身设计具有指导意义。     

冰区航行船舶冰阻力数值研究进展

冰阻力是影响船舶在冰区航行性能的关键因素。当前主要的冰阻力研究方法有经验公式法、模型/实船试验法和数值模拟方法。数值模拟方式能够对船舶破冰的全过程进行快速模拟,且模拟成本低,参数易于控制 、结果较为准确,是一种比较适宜的冰阻力预报方法。随着计算技术的进步,各种数值模拟方法层出不穷,其中包括基于网格单元的有限元模型,基于无网格方法的离散元模型、SPH法、近场动力学模型等;近年来,网格模型与无网格模型的耦合方法也逐渐发展起来。文章简要梳理了冰区航行船舶冰阻力数值研究的进展,并基于研究现状提出尚需进一步解决的问题,意在为进一步提高冰阻力数值模拟精度提供参考。     

潮汐环境下细粒泥沙沉降速度研究述评Ⅱ——计算方法与公式*

作为“潮汐环境下细颗粒泥沙沉降速度研究述评”的第二部分,详细介绍了在潮汐环境下确定细颗粒泥沙沉降速度的计算公式与相关方法。通过正式文献可以考证的,关于细颗粒泥沙沉速的计算公式逾百种,每个公式均有其一定理论或经验的背景,本文系统地分析并对比了不同背景的计算公式和方法：1）以粒径为主要因子的半经验公式（武水公式、Stocks公式等）,忽略了细颗粒泥沙的基本沉降特性;2）以含沙量为主要变量的泥沙沉速经验公式,不同研究者得到的结果或者公式的参数差异较大,在没有确认其计算条件、计算方法、测量工具、适用条件前,需谨慎选择,不能简单吸纳,尤其是在盐淡水混合的潮汐环境下,其相关关系和影响因子具有较强的特定性;3）劳斯公式拟合法所得的“有效沉速”,在计算过程把不同因子导致的泥沙颗粒向下的运动均归为泥沙重力沉降过程,物理概念不清晰;4）麦克劳林公式计算细颗粒泥沙沉速,符合沉速的物理定义,其理论性和物理意义也较强。     

New concept in analysis of floating piers for ship berthing impact

In this paper, special behavior of floating piers in the berthing event is assessed, and a new approach is presented for the analysis of these kinds of piers for berthing impact. Accurate estimation of berthing force is an important matter for appropriate design of mooring piles in these piers. In the pier design references, the traditional approach used in the design of fixed piers is extended to floating piers, ignoring distinctive response of these piers to berthing impact. In this paper, the fact of mobility and flexibility of structural system of floating piers are taken into consideration, and it is proved that energy absorption mechanism in these piers is different from that of fixed piers. Thus a new analytical approach and corresponding closed form formulations are presented in this paper for evaluating impact energy and induced berthing forces in these piers. The validity of presented method is shown by numerical simulations. Comparison of results of analysis by new and traditional methods in two typical piers shows that the traditional method underestimates berthing force in floating piers.