海上油田维修支持船研发设计

简要介绍自主研发设计的"海上油田维修支持船"的主要技术性能和船型主要技术特点。该船定位为国内一流水平的海上油田维修支持船,具备较强的抗风浪能力,且单船作业能力强、自动化程度高,能为海上维修改造提供全面支持,其各项功能均针对海上油田维修作业实际需求进行设计,能够大幅提高海上施工效率,降低施工风险。     

大型船舶结构的疲劳强度校核方法

传统的船舶结构疲劳强度校核一般只考虑高周疲劳而忽略了低周疲劳。随着船舶结构向大型化发展以及最近海损事故的发生,低周疲劳问题引起了船舶行业的广泛关注。Urm等人于2004年对装卸载引起的油轮船体结构的低周疲劳问题进行了研究,并给出了计算方法,但具体的计算结果没有给出,许多问题没有解决,因此有必要对船舶结构低周疲劳的原因及校核方法进行深入的研究。针对这一问题,首先分析了引起船舶结构低周疲劳的原因;其次,对现有的S-N曲线外推得到低寿命区S-N曲线的可行性进行了分析,并将外推得到的低寿命区段曲线和经过试验验证的低周疲劳寿命曲线进行了比较;最后分析了波浪载荷等引起的小幅疲劳载荷以及满载和压载引起的大幅疲劳载荷导致的疲劳损伤的相互作用,从而提出了一种非线性累积计算模型。     

威海船厂港域波高数值计算*

应用能量平衡方程研究近岸随机波的传播变形是一种简单而实用的方法,其在海洋学以及海岸动力学中得到了广泛的应用。采用考虑绕射作用的能量平衡方程作为计算随机波浪传播变形的控制方程,以此建立的数学模型考虑了波浪的浅化、折射、绕射、反射和破碎。利用该模型对威海船厂港内随机波传播变形进行数值模拟,通过数值计算值与试验值的比较,发现在相同的考虑因素下两者是相当吻合的,说明模型在计算近岸随机波的传播变形时是实用而可靠的。     

Experimental study of the state-of-the-art offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage

An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states.     

Response-based extreme value analysis of moored offshore structures due to wave, wind, and current

Floating moored offshore structures have a significant future in offshore operations as an attractive economic alternative to fixed structures in deep waters and/or in areas where there is no existing infrastructure. This paper describes an analysis procedure based on the structure variable approach to estimate load and response values of a moored offshore platform at a given return period by taking into account the joint occurrence of wave, wind, and current. The results show that the most severe mooring loads may not occur when wind, wave, and current are collinear and are at their maximum design values, i.e., the 50- or 100-year case. It is recommended that the extreme mooring design loads for moored offshore systems should be determined through a range of physical or numerical simulations where wave, wind, and current are noncollinear and act with less severe magnitudes than the 50- or 100-year case. This recommendation has also been adopted in the ITTC/Ocean Engineering Committee recommendations to the ITTC Conference held in September 1996.     

畸形波作用下半潜式平台的极限生存能力评估

极限海浪可能对海洋平台的安全造成极大的威胁,故合理地评估平台在此海况下的运动响应和系泊缆索的动张力响应对平台设计具有重要意义。文章首先利用新波理论和随机海浪理论建立了畸形波入射波模型。然后利用间接时域方法和非线性有限元法分别建立了平台主体运动和系泊缆索动力响应的求解方程,并根据导缆孔的平衡方程建立了平台主体和系泊缆索的时域耦合运动方程。最后深入分析了某半潜平台在畸形波作用下的运动响应和系泊缆索的动张力响应,对平台的极限生存能力进行了评估。     

蒙特卡罗法在海上边际油田风险评估中的应用

由于海上边际油田的开发效益受各种风险因素的影响，使得海上油田开发决策难度很大，因此科学的评估海上油田开发方案的抗风险能力，对制定合理的开发方案起着重要的作用。介绍的风险评估方法以海上边际油田风险评价数学模型为基础，能够将地质风险评估和经济风险评估有机的结合起来。根据海上油田勘探、开发、生产、销售阶段的特征，阐明选择风险因素的原则，以及确定风险因素的概率分布特征的方法，并举例说明了蒙特卡罗法评价风险的过程。研究结果对我国海上边际油田风险分析方法的发展能起到推动作用。     

Active response control of an offshore structure under wave loads using a modified probabilistic neural network

Offshore structures are subjected to wave, wind, and earthquake loads. The failure of offshore structures can cause sea pollution as well as loss of property and life. Therefore, the safety of such structures is an important issue. The reduction of the dynamic response of an offshore structure subjected to wind-generated random ocean waves is another critical problem with regard to the serviceability, fatigue life, and safety of the structure. In this article, the responses of offshore structures under random ocean waves are controlled using a modified probabilistic neural network (MPNN). As a more advanced method, it uses the global probability density function (PDF) produced by summing the heterogeneous local PDFs automatically determined from the individual standard deviation of each variable. The state vectors in a state-space model of a structure and the resulting control forces made by a linear quadratic regulator algorithm were used to generate the training patterns for the MPNN and a conventional multilayer perceptron (MLP). The results were compared with those produced by back-propagation based on the MLP. The proposed MPNN method shows good results not only in controlling the responses but also in terms of the computation time.     

正向浪作用下离岸高桩墩台结构波浪总浮托力计算

波浪总浮托力是离岸高桩墩台结构设计时需要注意的重要外荷载之一。根据具体工程实例计算结果和试验结果的对比,分析正向波浪作用下离岸高桩墩台结构波浪总浮托力不同计算公式的适用性,研究工程实际计算波浪总浮托力需要注意的条件,并提出建议。     

导管架式海洋平台自适应预测逆控制研究

文章提出了一种新的基于动态刚度阵法的导管架式海洋平台模糊神经网络自适应预测逆控制模型。该模型是通过安放在海洋平台桩腿上的压力传感器实时采集海洋平台所受波浪力,然后应用动态刚度阵法快速而准确地计算出平台顶部的响应,再将此响应作为模糊神经网络预测逆控制器的输入信号,预测出下一时刻平台顶部的控制力来对海洋平台振动响应进行控制;同时,通过反馈的自适应预测逆控制器来减小扰动和前馈控制的误差。为了验证该模型的抗干扰能力,文中还对有随机风载荷扰动情况下的导管架式海洋平台主动控制进行了研究。最后的数值算例结果表明,文中所提出的导管架式海洋平台主动控制模型具有较强的抗干扰能力,能很好地解决控制系统中存在的时滞问题,可有效地控制导管架式海洋平台的振动响应。     

浅水裙桩导管架的安装工艺

文章以蓬莱19-3单点导管架的海上安装工艺为例介绍了渤海裙桩导管架的海上安装过程,提出了使用“钢桩脚鞋”起长重桩,用脚手架管做插桩导向引导插桩,用送桩辅助打裙桩,用圆管观测打桩刻度等一系列实践性极强的安装方法,对于今后在渤海湾或其它浅水区域安装类似的导管架有借鉴意义.     

箱形浮体在波浪上运动的特性计算方法及其应用

为了研究箱形浮体在波浪上运动的计算方法，工程界提出了一种称为修正切片法的计算方法，这是在引入三维修正以及引用试验结果的基础上发展起来的方法，具有计算快，能达到工程计算精度要求的优点。该方法采用了纵切片以及常规的横切片法，可以进行六个自由度的运动计算，并改进了横摇旋涡阻尼的计算方法，计入了三维及浅水影响。本文对此方法进行了探讨，并作了实例计算分析，认为此法采用纵横切片的思想，配合经验性的修正，既保持了传统切片理论简单易算的优点，又能达到工程计算精度的要求。尽管在理论上这一思想不很严密,但计算结果已足以在工程上的应用。箱形浮体受不规则海浪扰动而产生的运动通常可以作为平稳的线性随机过程进行处理，本文采用谱分析的方法对箱形浮体的海上运动及加速度的统计特性进行了预报。     

海上油田电源管理系统的设计与应用

介绍海上油田电源管理系统的控制功能、硬件构架以及通信手段,针对实际应用中出现的问题提出改进措施。改进后电源管理系统更趋完善,效果明显。     

Non-linear dynamic analysis of the response of moored floating structures

The complexity of the dynamic response of offshore marine structures requires advanced simulations tools for the accurate assessment of the seakeeping behaviour of these devices. The aim of this work is to present a new time-domain model for solving the dynamics of moored floating marine devices, specifically offshore wind turbines, subjected to non-linear environmental loads. The paper first introduces the formulation of the second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver, designed for calculating the wave-floater interaction. Then, the solver of the mooring dynamics, based on a non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) approach, is presented. Next, the procedure developed for coupling the floater dynamics model with the mooring model is described. Some validation examples of the developed models, and comparisons among different mooring approaches, are presented. Finally, a study of the OC3 floating wind turbine concept is performed to analyze the influence of the mooring model in the dynamics of the platform and the tension in the mooring lines. The work comes to the conclusion that the coupling of a dynamic mooring model along with a second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver can offer realistic predictions of the floating wind turbine performance.     

Determination of limiting cavity depths for offshore spudcan foundations in a spatially varying seabed

The importance of accurate prediction of limiting cavity depths during offshore spudcan foundations installation has been variously highlighted in the literature. Nonetheless, most of the previous research is deterministic in nature and confined to homogenous soils. Since offshore clayey soils can be highly spatially variable, there is a practical need to take proper account of the spatial variability in the prediction of limiting cavity depths. In a bid to remedy this situation, large deformation finite element calculations combined with three-dimensional random fields were repeatedly conducted in this study within a Monte-Carlo framework. The continuous penetration of a spudcan initiated from surface was explicitly modeled until a full-localized flow-around mechanism was observed. Spatial variability was found to clearly affect the soil back-flow and thereby the limiting cavity depth, the latter of which takes a range of values that can be approximately modeled as a log-normal distribution. Characteristic limiting cavity depths at various probability levels were ascertained. An algebraic expression was proposed to explicitly predict the characteristic limiting cavity depths in random soils from the fractile. Particular attention was paid to the lower and upper 5% characteristic values, which are likely to be useful for reliability-based design.     

波浪水池中畸形波生成的研究综述

畸形波具有异常大的波高,容易对海洋结构物造成巨大破坏。世界各大海域均有畸形波发生及其引起的海难记录,其生成机理正引起人们越来越多的关注。在实测畸形波时历的基础上,有必要在实验室中实现畸形波的生成,从而揭示畸形波的生成机理及其对海洋结构物的作用机理。目前,国内外许多学者根据畸形波所产生的海洋环境条件提出了多种多样的畸形波成因假说,并相应地形成了多种畸形波生成模型。色散聚集方法通过控制成分波相位使波浪能量定时定点聚集,简单高效,仍为大多数的畸形波生成研究的首选。在此基础上,部分学者提出或应用了迭代方法对畸形波模拟结果进行优化,以修正非线性波波作用引起的相位、幅值偏离。另一方面,薛定谔方程呼吸子解作为畸形波的一个原型,也在畸形波的生成模拟中得到成功应用。该文针对上述畸形波在数值波浪水池或物理水池中的模拟方法作了综述,可为进一步开展畸形波的机理研究及其对海洋结构物作用机理研究提供基础。     

海平面升高和离岸波高改变对近岸波浪和海岸结构的影响（英文）

In 1994, Townend proposed a method to calculate the relative changes in various wave characteristics and structure-related parameters due to sea level rise for regular waves. The method was extended to irregular waves by Cheon and Suh in 2016. In this study, this method is further extended to include the effect of future change in offshore wave height and the sea level rise. The relative changes in wavelength, refraction coefficient, shoaling coefficient, and wave height in nearshore area are presented as functions of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height. The calculated relative changes in wave characteristics are then used to estimate the effect of sea level rise and offshore wave height change on coastal structures by calculating the relative changes in wave run-up height, overtopping discharge, crest freeboard, and armor weight of the structures. The relative changes in wave characteristics and structure-related parameters are all expressed as a function of the relative water depth for various combinations of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height.     

Effect of Sea Level Rise and Offshore Wave Height Change on Nearshore Waves and Coastal Structures

In 1994, Townend proposed a method to calculate the relative changes in various wave characteristics and structure-related parameters due to sea level rise for regular waves. The method was extended to irregular waves by Cheon and Suh in 2016. In this study, this method is further extended to include the effect of future change in offshore wave height and the sea level rise. The relative changes in wavelength, refraction coefficient, shoaling coefficient, and wave height in nearshore area are presented as functions of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height. The calculated relative changes in wave characteristics are then used to estimate the effect of sea level rise and offshore wave height change on coastal structures by calculating the relative changes in wave run-up height, overtopping discharge, crest freeboard, and armor weight of the structures. The relative changes in wave characteristics and structure-related parameters are all expressed as a function of the relative water depth for various combinations of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height.