共同创造港口科技进步更美好的明天——写于《港口科技动态》更名为《港口科技》之际

<港口科技>完成了更名的各项准备工作,今天正式面世了.从<港口科技动态>到<港口科技>,尽管只有两个字的删改,但这表明,我们这份港航界的科技刊物内涵在提升,外延在延伸.这更从一个角度验证了:港口在发展,科技在进步,时代在前进!     

Future of the shipping dialogue in UNCTAD

UNCAD has played a central role in the development of international shipping policies, particularly those of developing countries. While comprehensively addressing all shipping issues affecting both the industry and the maritime trade of developing countries. UNCTAD has concentrated its greatest efforts on policies designed to achieve those objectives. These policies also reflected the then existing international environment of confrontation. East/West ideological conflicts and the North/South divide. The results were far from satisfactory, although a number of international agreement were reached under the auspices of UNCTAD. The end of the cold war and the emergence of the single economic system (the market place) has brought about far-reaching changes in UNCTAD, its secretariat, its intergovernmental machinery and the substantive content of its secretariat, its intergovernmental machinery and the substantive content of its deliberations. It is expected that the shipping dialogue in UNCTAD in the 1990s will be significantly different in content and structure. This article attempts to point to possible courses of action that will be taken in UNCTAD fora in the area of shipping in the context of promoting a competitive services in developing countries.     

Containerization in ports of Third-World Asia: an overview of present patterns and the direction of future growth

Although containerization in Third World Asian ports may not conform to the ‘usual’ model of containerization in developed countries the region represents a significant generator of container tonnage. Moreover, despite considerable intra-regional differences in throughput productivities, some of the ports are achieving efficiencies and productivities markedly higher than those in well established ports in Western countries. The region has been characterized, too, by strong patterns of mainline/feeder interdependencies. This paper reviews the status of containerization in Third World Asia and suggests that major changes, reflecting a variety of factors, are likely by 1990.     

Containerization in ports of Third-World Asia: an overview of present patterns and the direction of future growth

Although containerization in Third World Asian ports may not conform to the 'usual' model of containerization in developed countries the region represents a significant generator of container tonnage. Moreover, despite considerable intra-regional differences in throughput productivities, some of the ports are achieving efficiencies and productivities markedly higher than those in well established ports in Western countries. The region has been characterized, too, by strong patterns of mainline/feeder interdependencies. This paper reviews the status of containerization in Third World Asia and suggests that major changes, reflecting a variety of factors, are likely by 1990.     

A model for forecasting future supply of shipping services at Australian ports

This paper aims to develop an integrated model for forecasting both the number of ship visits and their characteristics in the medium and long term. Knowledge of future shipping trends for any port is no doubt important, as the future number of ship visits and their characteristics may have implications for the physical facilities of a port. In addition, more reliance on tonnages as a revenue source has made this knowledge more valuable. The proposed model identifies such major economic determinants as the expected trade throughput, world shipping trends, standards of facilities and future plans of shipping companies/agents. The model examines three possible scenarios for the Port of Melbourne and produces a range of shipping forecasts based on certain assumptions. From the model the major findings were:

world trends in shipping did not have any immediate impact on the shipping trends at the Port of Melbourne;

Future shipping services at the Port of Melbourne in the next 11 years are most likely to be determined by trade demand rather than by technological developments overseas;

there has been no evidence to indicate that the Port of Melbourne has been excluded from the schedule of general cargo ships due to the Port's physical constraints.     

加快福州港口建设带动临港产业发展

在分析福州港30年来取得的成就,指出目前存在的问题后,提出了大力发展临港工业、港口现代物流业和港口现代服务业的主张,并提出了实现福州港跨越式发展的建议。     

长三角港口经济运行情况及2010年形势分析

国际金融危机对长三角地区港口（简称长三角港口）和航运业发展的冲击相当严重,上海国际航运中心建设面临了严峻挑战和考验。两省一市相关港航管理部门和企业积极应对,危中求机,逐步扭转了港航生产持续下滑的态势,率先实现企稳回升,全年长三角港口经济运行总体上好于预期,     

长三角港口经济运行情况及2010年形势分析

国际金融危机对长三角地区港口（简称长三角港口）和航运业发展的冲击相当严重,上海国际航运中心建设面临了严峻挑战和考验。两省一市相关港航管理部门和企业积极应对,危中求机,逐步扭转了港航生产持续下滑的态势,率先实现企稳回升,全年长三角港口经济运行总体上好于预期,     

Towards a common ports policy? EU-proposals and the ports industry's perceptions

This paper discusses the European Union's (EU) proposals to improve the efficiency and infrastructure of European ports, and investigates the extent to which these proposals are welcomed by the ports industry. On the one hand, the analysis of the recent EU policy developments makes apparent that the EU is increasingly impinging upon the port industry's life. On the other hand, the findings of the semi-structured interviews with the industry's representatives suggest that although port authorities and port operators remain in principle against a coherent common EU ports policy, the industry believes that certain EU initiatives can enhance the competitiveness of the maritime transport system.     

Characteristics of low-frequency motions of ships moored inside ports and harbors on the basis of field observations

In order to understand characteristics of low-frequency motions of ships moored inside ports and harbors, analysis on actual cargo handling logbook of stevedoring services company, including events of interruption of cargo handling, and countermeasure for ship mooring problems are investigated by field observations at two ports and numerical simulation on moored ship motions. First model port concerns with interruption of cargo handling due to the low-frequency motions. Second model port relates to a resonant effect of long-period waves or harbor oscillations, and its countermeasure by mooring system. From the investigation, it is confirmed that the low-frequency motions of ships are induced by a resonance between surge motions and long-period waves or harbor oscillations and an asymmetry in the mooring system, and affect safe ship mooring and operation efficiency of cargo handling in ports and harbors significantly.     

Fast passenger ferries and their future

This papers examines the different choices of High Speed Craft (HSC) hull design available and briefly looks at the advantages and disadvantages of each hull form. The trends in various design aspects of HSC such as speed, capacity and size are studied. An investigation on the HSC development is conducted and the future of HSC in the UK is studied. A study onboard an HSC with the aim of trying to determine what passengers think of HSC and why they travel by them is also conducted. Finally, an analysis of the possible market for HSC is carried out.     

Fast passenger ferries and their future

This papers examines the different choices of High Speed Craft (HSC) hull design available and briefly looks at the advantages and disadvantages of each hull form. The trends in various design aspects of HSC such as speed, capacity and size are studied. An investigation on the HSC development is conducted and the future of HSC in the UK is studied. A study onboard an HSC with the aim of trying to determine what passengers think of HSC and why they travel by them is also conducted. Finally, an analysis of the possible market for HSC is carried out.     

Analysing training and education in ports

The quality and availability of labour is important for the performance of ports. Insights from cluster theories are relevant for analysing training and education in ports, as ports can be regarded as clusters. In general, labour in clusters is relatively mobile, education services in clusters are relatively good and employees have a high willingness to invest in specific skills. However, skilled and talented labour still may be scarce, especially in regions with tight labour markets. Thus, in many clusters, including port clusters, firms and governments actively aim to improve the quality of labour. This paper presents an analysis of these efforts of firms and governments to improve the quality of the labour force in three seaport clusters. In this paper the concept of a ‘training and education regime’ is presented as an approach to analyse efforts of firms and governments to improve the quality and availability of labour. Important results of three case studies include first, the observation that the quality of training and education regime differs substantially between clusters. Second, the presence of aregime manager in Rotterdam adds to the quality of Rotterdam’s training and education regime. Such an organisation may be effective across countries and clusters. Finally, the presence ofleader firms, willing to invest in training and education also improves an education regime.     

船用柴油机进气道类型及结构参数对流通性能的影响

以船用柴油机进气道为研究对象,用经试验验证的数值模拟方法研究了不同类型进气道的流通特性及串联进气道主要结构参数对气道流通性能的影响。研究结果表明,不同类型气道中,并联气道进气能力较串联气道要大,但并联气道形成的涡流比很弱;串联气道流量系数比对称型并联气道稍小,但能形成一定的涡流比;在进气道喉口面积一定的情况下,气道进口面积大小是影响气道流量系数最明显的结构参数,其余结构参数对气道流量系数影响都很小;进气道各结构参数对气道涡流比都有影响,其中气阀座高对涡流比影响最大,气道进口高度对涡流比影响也比较明显;气道出口处气流分布情况影响进气涡流大小,沿缸套周向速度分量越大,形成进气涡流的能力越大。     

全球港航界的一次盛会--记在上海召开的第24届世界港口大会

<正>由上海国际港务集团主办的第24届世界港口大会于5月21日至27日在上海国际会议中心隆重召开。上海市人民政府市长韩正、交通部部长张春贤、上海市副市长杨雄、市政府副秘书长沈骏、国际港口协会会长彼特·施特鲁伊斯等出席开幕式。大会副会长、上海国际港务集团总裁陆海祜主持会议。     

Modelling with joint choice of ports and countries of origin and destination: application to Colombian ports

Literature has focused on studying port choice independently or as an element of a supply chain without considering the joint selection with the country of origin/destination of the imports/exports. However, the characteristics and location of a port may make it more attractive to mobilise more freight from/to some particular countries rather than others, making the port choice decision dependent on the country of origin/destination of the cargo. This article proposes advanced econometric models to evaluate simultaneously port choice and the country of origin/destination choice for Colombian imports and exports. Findings suggest that for imports and exports domestic freight rate is the most important variable for the joint choice process. Also, for exports, maritime transit time is more relevant than for imports, while for the frequency of shipping lines the opposite is true. The existence of a trade agreement and the gross domestic product per capita also have a significant influence on the election of a country for exports/imports.     

中国港口腾飞中的尴尬

2003年是我国港口业实现腾飞的一年。这一年,我国主要港口完成货物吞吐量26亿吨,同比增长16.9%,亿吨大港也增至8个。同时,我国港口集装箱吞吐量跃居世界首位。其中上海港、深圳港双双突破1000万标箱,分别跃升为世界集装箱大港的第三、第四位。在经济飞速发展的大背景下,中国港口业的腾飞势不可挡。 然而,居安思危。在2004年全国交通工作会议上,交通部部长张春贤提出,我国当前港口吞吐量已超过港口设计能力,部分港口存在着超负荷运作现象,应谨防历史上“压船、压港”的状况重现。显然,在我国经济迅速发展的同时,基础设施建设的相对滞后已无法满足巨大的市场需求。而对于港口吞吐量的逐年递增,也颇有些尴尬。应该说,腾飞中的中国港口业,既让人兴奋,又令人担忧。     

中国港口现状

港口规模加速扩容我国港口经过60年的发展,成绩显著,港口基础设施规模扩大,生产能力增强,港口的服务能力和水平明显提高.近年来,伴随我国经济的快速发展,港口发展速度和建设脚步加快,港口密度骤然增大.