三体船垂向波浪载荷预报

以一艘三体船为例,采用基于三维线性势流理论的流体动力计算程序,进行船体波浪载荷的长期预报,并将波浪载荷的长期预报值与英国劳氏船级社三体船规范计算值进行比较分析。结果表明,在现有条件下预报结果具有一定的准确性,可用于指导船体初步结构设计。     

船体结构直接计算法中垂向波浪弯矩的确定

根据极值统计学原理，论证了长期特征最大值和长期极值特征值之间的关系，即当弯矩循环次数充分大时，最可能极值即为特征最大值，设计极值即为设计最大值。根据这一结论，提出了一种估算船舶垂向非线性波浪弯矩长期特征最大值的简便方法，使计算大为简化。     

张力腿平台垂向响应纵摇运动研究（英文）

Tendons vertically moor Tension-Leg Platforms(TLPs), thus, a deep understanding of physical tendon stresses requires the determination of the total axial deformation of the tendons, which is a combination of the heave, pitch, and surging responses. The vertical motion of the lateral sides of the TLP is coupled with surge and constitutes a portion of the pitch motion. Tendons are connected to the sides of the TLP; hence, the total displacement of the lateral sides is related to the total deformation of the tendons and the total axial stress. Therefore, investigating the total vertical response at the sides of the TLP is essential. The coupling between various degrees of freedom is not considered in the Response Amplitude Operator(RAO). Therefore, in frequency domain analysis, the estimated vertical RAO is incomplete. Also, in the time domain, only the heave motion at the center of TLP is typically studied; this problem needs to be addressed. In this paper, we investigate the portion of the pitch motion in the vertical response at the sides of the TLP in both the frequency and time domains. Numerical results demonstrate a significant effect of the pitch motion in the vertical motion of the edges of the TLP in some period ranges.     

船舶和离岸结构波浪载荷与运动（英文）

正The special issue on wave loads and motions of ships and offshore structures is the outcome of a workshop on the same topic that was organised in Harbin Engineering University in November 2017 with the objective of bringing together recent work done on the subject area and providing a forum for discussing these results.     

斜浪工况对船体垂向波浪弯矩设计值的影响

在某宽浅吃水型船理论预报和缩比模型试验中,垂向波浪弯矩在斜浪工况下的传递函数与迎浪工况基本相当.针对该特殊情况,基于势流理论和缩比模型试验开展波浪载荷预报,探讨斜浪工况出现该情况的原因;同时,结合短峰波效应、波浪载荷谱密度和波幅限制理论分析斜浪工况对垂向波浪载荷设计值的影响.经研究,斜浪工况对垂向波浪弯矩预报值未产生较大影响,在船舶设计中确定垂向波浪弯矩载荷设计值时,无需考虑斜浪工况的影响.该结论具有一定的工程应用价值,对类似船型的波浪载荷预报具有一定的参考意义.     

波浪中破损船舶的运动响应研究

波浪中破损船舶的运动会同时受到波浪激励和进出水的影响,而船体运动也会影响进出水过程,二者的相互影响机理十分复杂.本文重点研究波浪中破舱进出水对船舶运动响应的影响,文中首先基于势流理论建立了考虑破舱进出水的4DOF(横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇)相互耦合时域预报方法,在计算中假设舱内的液面水平,利用修正的伯努利方程模拟破舱进/出水,利用Ikeda's经验公式修正阻尼系数.然后以一艘ITTC破损稳性标模为例,研究了波浪中考虑破舱进出水的数学模型以及破舱进出水对运动响应的影响,并研究了不同自由度、破舱口位置对运动响应的影响.研究表明,本文基于势流理论建立的时域预报方法可以定量的预报破损船舶的运动响应.     

波浪中破损船舶运动的时域预报

波浪中破损船舶的运动会同时受到波浪激励和进出水的影响,而船体运动也会影响进出水过程,二者相互影响。因此,准确地评估波浪中考虑破舱进出水影响的破损船体运动是十分复杂的。论文提出采用一种基于势流理论的方法进行波浪中破损船体运动的预报,该方法假设舱内的液面水平,利用修正的伯努利方程模拟破舱进/出水,利用Ikeda`s经验公式修正阻尼系数,采用4DOF(横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇)相互耦合的时域方法评估波浪中破损船体的运动。文中以一艘ITTC破损稳性标模为例,研究了规则波中破损船体的运动响应;通过计算结果和模型试验的对比,验证了论文采用方法的有效性,并研究了破舱口位置对运动响应的影响。研究表明,论文采用的数值模拟方法结合合理的横摇阻尼模型,可以定量地评估破损船舶在波浪中的运动。     

第12届欧洲波浪和潮汐能会议（英文）

<正>Aug.27 to Sep.2,2017,University College Cork,Cork,IrelandThe European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference(EWTEC)series are international,technical and scientific conferences,focussed on ocean renewable energy and widely respected for their commitment to maintain high standards in the quality of academic and industrial contributions to their proceedings.     

破损舰船运动与波浪载荷预报方法

为了研究舰船舱室破损对船体运动与波浪载荷的影响,采用三维频域势流理论,计算了发生第二类舱室破损后舰船在斜浪规则波上的运动与垂向弯矩。以一典型破损情况为例,计算了船舶破损后的浮态及稳性,并与破损前进行了比较,结果显示,横摇运动及垂向弯矩明显增加,而其它5个自由度运动则有所减小。基于船舶静力学原理,分析了舰船破损对浮态及稳性的影响。最后,使用格林函数法研究了舱室进水导致的液舱晃荡,结果表明,液舱晃荡附加质量在某些频率附近有明显的共振效应,必须通过阻尼系数考虑流体粘性的影响,避免产生非物理结果。     

船体非线性垂向波浪载荷的模型试验技术

介绍了船体波浪弯矩及切力的模型试验技术以及一些最新进展，最后提出了一些待解决的问题。     

波浪补偿平台垂向位移的短时预报

针对BP算法存在收敛速度慢和局部极值的问题,采用此方法对BP学习算法进行改进,结合实验采集的数据进行仿真计算,结果表明采用此方法可以有效地提高Elman网络的训练速度和稳定性,使El-man网络能够更有效地对波浪补偿平台垂向位移进行短时预报。     

波浪和海流对浮式海洋牧场的作用（英文）

The paper is partly a review on hydrodynamic and structural aspects of fish farms. In addition, new numerical results are presented on the stochastic behavior of bending stresses in the floater of a realistic net cage in extreme wave conditions. The behavior of traditional-type fish farms with net cages and closed fish farms in waves and currents is discussed. Hydroelasticity can play a significant role for net cages and closed membrane-type fish farms. The many meshes in a net cage make CFD and complete structural modeling impracticable. As an example, a hydrodynamic screen model and structural truss elements are instead used to represent the hydrodynamic loading and the structural deformation of the net. In addition, the wake inside the net due to current plays an important role. The described simplified numerical method has been validated by comparing with model tests of mooring loads on a single net cage with two circular elastic floaters and bottom weight ring in waves and currents. It is discussed which parts of the complete system play the most important roles in accurately determining the mooring loads. Many realizations of a sea state are needed to obtain reliable estimates of extreme values in a stochastic sea. In reality, many net cages operate in close vicinity, which raises questions about spatial variations of the current and wave environment as well as hydrodynamic interaction between the net cages. Live fish touching the netting can have a non-negligible influence on the mooring loads. It is demonstrated by numerical calculations in waves and currents that a well boat at a net cage can have a significant influence on the mooring loads and the bending stresses in the floater. The latter results provide a rational way to obtain operational limits for a well boat at a fish farm. Sloshing has to be accounted for in describing the behavior of a closed fish farm when important wave frequencies are in the vicinity of natural sloshing frequencies. The structural flexibility has to be considered in determining the natural sloshing frequencies for a membrane-type closed fish farm. Free-surface non-linearities can matter for sloshing and can, for instance,result in swirling in a certain frequency domain for a closed cage with a vertical symmetry axis.     

水深对三体船运动和波浪载荷的影响

利用三维势流理论和简单格林函数计算了迎浪航行时不同航速和不同水深组合下的波浪运动响应和载荷传递函数,研究不同水深和航速组合对三体船的波浪运动响应和波浪载荷的影响,并对船舯垂向弯矩和舯后1/4船长处剪力进行了长期预报.将预报值与规范值进行比较,结果令人满意.计算结果表明三体船在不同水深下航行时,水深对其运动响应和波浪载荷都会产生显著影响.     

波浪中并靠两船运动计算

文章用切片理论的二维格林函数法求取流场速度势,用线性弹簧取代系缆和碰垫,解并靠两船的联立运动方程,得到了两船在规则波中的各自由度运动幅值,用谱分析法得出两船在不规则海浪中运动的统计规律.     

粘性对方尾船波浪力的影响分析（英文）

航行船舶绕射问题的准确求解是预报船舶波浪中运动的基础。文章分别采用基于三维移动脉动源的边界元法和基于RANS方程的CFD方法求解了规则波中航行的方尾船模型的波浪力,并通过与试验结果比较验证了方法的可靠性。CFD计算时通过从波浪力中分离出粘性力,研究了粘性对方尾船波浪力的影响。结果表明,基于RANS方程的波浪力计算结果与试验结果和势流理论结果吻合良好,在长波中与试验值更接近。粘性对船模斜浪航行时的横摇力矩有较大影响。     

舰船波浪弯矩响应的频率特性

非直壁式舰船在高浪级和高航速下的弯矩响应中,除了含有低频遭遇频率成分外,还存在着一定数量的遭遇频率的倍频成分及船体各谐调的垂向总振动频率成份,它们都会对舰船波浪弯矩的非线性响应产生相应的影响。如果舰船的第一谐调垂向总振动频率正好是遭遇频率的整数倍,这时弯矩的非线性响应将达到极值。本文从模型试验及理论计算两方面分析了舰船波浪弯矩的频率特性,对船体载荷响应理论的发展及设计载荷的确定具有指导意义。     

波浪中母船干扰下潜水员梯的运动及水动力特性分析（英文）

潜水员梯是通过销轴连接在母船舷侧为潜水员执行潜水作业时上下船的平台,为保证在波浪中使用时的安全性,对其波浪作用力、运动响应及销轴处的动作用载荷设计有较高要求。为研究母船干扰下潜水员梯的动态响应特性,采用基于深水格林函数为积分内核的边界元方法,先计算母船及潜水梯这一整体的运动响应及其平均湿表面的辐射和绕射压力分布,依据刚体运动合成原理求解得到潜水梯重心处的运动。再以潜水员梯为研究对象,采用压力积分方法获得潜水员梯的波浪力作用,并将其运动、波浪力和销轴处的作用力联立构成动力学平衡方程,逆向求解出销轴处的动作用力。基于上述思路,系统研究了波长、航速及潜水员梯与母船相对位置变化时潜水员梯的运动、波浪作用力及销轴处作用力的变化规律,为潜水员梯的布置、销轴的选型及潜水作业时母船的操纵可提供指导意义。     

用naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器数值模拟船舶在波浪上的操纵运动问题（英文）

Ship maneuvering in waves includes the performance of ship resistance, seakeeping, propulsion, and maneuverability. It is a complex hydrodynamic problem with the interaction of many factors. With the purpose of directly predicting the behavior of ship maneuvering in waves, a CFD solver named naoe-FOAM-SJTU is developed by the Computational Marine Hydrodynamics Lab(CMHL) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The solver is based on open source platform OpenFOAM and has introduced dynamic overset grid technology to handle complex ship hull-propeller-rudder motion system. Maneuvering control module based on feedback control mechanism is also developed to accurately simulate corresponding motion behavior of free running ship maneuver. Inlet boundary wavemaker and relaxation zone technique is used to generate desired waves. Based on the developed modules, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) computations are carried out for several validation cases of free running ship maneuver in waves including zigzag, turning circle, and course keeping maneuvers. The simulation results are compared with available benchmark data. Ship motions, trajectories, and other maneuvering parameters are consistent with available experimental data, which indicate that the present solver can be suitable and reliable in predicting the performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Flow visualizations, such as free surface elevation, wake flow, vortical structures, are presented to explain the hydrodynamic performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Large flow separation can be observed around propellers and rudders. It is concluded that RANS approach is not accurate enough for predicting ship maneuvering in waves with large flow separations and detached eddy simulation(DES) or large eddy simulation(LES) computations are required to improve the prediction accuracy.