常水深下斜浪入射无波势研究（英文）

In this paper, a method to construct oblique wave-free potentials in the linearised theory of water waves for water with uniform finite depth is presented in a systematic manner. The water has either a free surface or an ice-cover modelled as a thin elastic plate. For the case of free surface, the effect of surface tension may be neglected or taken into account. Here, the wave-free potentials are singular solutions of the modified Helmholtz equation, having singularity at a point in the fluid region and they satisfy the conditions at the upper surface and the bottom of water region and decay rapidly away from the point of singularity. These are useful in obtaining solutions to oblique water wave problems involving bodies with circular cross-sections such as long horizontal cylinders submerged or half-immersed in water of uniform finite depth with a free surface or an ice-cover modelled as a floating elastic plate. Finally, the forms of the upper surface related to the wave-free potentials constructed here are depicted graphically in a number of figures to visualize the wave motion. The results for non-oblique wave-free potentials and the upper surface wave-free potentials are obtained. The wave-free potentials constructed here will be useful in the mathematical study of water wave problems involving infinitely long horizontal cylinders, either half-immersed or completely immersed in water.     

FLNG系统进行旁靠卸载作业时的水动力性能研究

针对大型浮式液化天然气(FLNG)系统与液化天然气(LNG)运输船以旁靠方式进行LNG卸载时的船体的水动力性能开展了水池模型试验。实验全面考虑了近靠物体之间的水动力耦合,以及船体与系泊系统及连接系统之间的耦合。通过水池模型实验得到了在风、浪、流共同作用下FLNG船体的运动响应情况、FLNG与LNG运输船间的相对运动情况、系泊系统的受力情况、两船之间连接系统的受力情况。借助统计分析手段对实验数据进行分析研究,讨论了FLNG进行旁靠卸载作业时的水动力性能。     

FLNG系统旁靠外输作业时的水动力性能数值研究

对大型浮式液化天然气(FLNG)系统与LNG运输船以旁靠方式进行LNG外输作业时船体的水动力性能开展数值研究。全面考虑了双船体之间的水动力相互干扰,以及船体与系泊系统和连接系统之间的耦合作用。在验证了数值计算模型正确性的基础上,对旁靠外输作业时各典型工况进行数值计算,从而得到在风、浪、流共同作用下FLNG与LNG运输船间的相对运动情况、系泊系统和两船之间连接系统的受力情况,为后续设计提供参考。     

FPSO与穿梭油轮的旁靠时域分析及系统优化

[目的]针对FPSO在中国南海海域的作业海况,对多点系泊系统和FPSO与穿梭油轮的旁靠耦合系统进行时域分析及优化研究。[方法]运用AQWA及势流理论进行时域分析,优化系泊缆分段及其比例、导缆孔位置,并使用Fluent数值求解方法,分析两船旁靠时吃水变化对风浪流载荷的影响。[结果]结果表明:顶段为200 m钢缆、底段为316 m船链最适合200 m水深的FPSO多点系泊结构;旁靠缆张紧或者旁靠缆增重可以降低穿梭油轮的运动幅度,将导缆孔位置向船舯移动后,护舷和系泊缆的受力更加均匀;当旁靠缆重量为135 kg/m时,护舷和旁靠缆受力极值和平均值达到最小。[结论]所得结果可加深系泊参数对系泊缆张力及船舶运动影响的理解,并对优化系泊方案设计具有一定的参考价值。     

旁靠双浮体系统耦合运动时域分析

旁靠外输是海洋工程领域常见的作业形式,而浮体之间存在狭窄的间隙会产生复杂的水动力相互干扰。应用三维频域势流理论和阻尼盖模型,对旁靠双浮体系统进行频域计算,然后基于间接时域法开展该旁靠系统运动的时域模拟。研究结果表明,阻尼盖模型能有效抑制水动力系数异常的共振幅值和改善时延函数的振荡特性。当波峰频率接近间隙水动力峰值频率时形成间隙共振,对时域运动计算结果影响较大。在横浪条件下,旁靠系统会产生较大的横向相对位移,加装防撞系统可在一定程度上控制该相对位移。     

时域格林函数的计算（英文）

时域格林函数及其导数的准确计算对时域耐波性分析至关重要。本文基于Dawson积分和泰勒展开,提出了一种新的有效计算时域格林函数及其导数的方法。使用这种新方法计算了作用于一个进行大幅运动的潜没圆球上的垂荡力和一个以定速前进的潜没圆球的纵荡力,计算解和吴国雄给出的解析结果符合良好,说明本方法是准确的和有实用价值的。     

LNG旁靠FSRU码头系泊的水动力性能试验研究（英文）

本文对码头系泊的FSRU和LNG船的水动力性能进行了研究,分别对FSRU单船码头和FSRU-LNGC并排码头系泊进行了模型试验。码头与船和船与船之间均采用系泊缆和靠垫进行连接。试验中考虑了风、流、浪等环境因素对码头系泊系统的影响。在风浪流模型试验中,分别测量了不同海况下系泊系统的动态响应,其中包括FSRU和LNG船的六自由度运动响应、系泊缆张力和靠垫接触力。相比较其它浪向,横浪(90°)引起的船舶运动更大,进而导致系泊缆和靠垫的受力增大。结果还表明,FSRU单船码头系泊在所有海况下安全性较好,但对于LNG船旁靠FSRU码头系泊系统,其对环境的响应非常敏感,尤其是横浪环境。     

带空海底上小变形柱体边缘斜浪散射研究（英文）

The scattering of oblique incident surface waves by the edge of a small cylindrical deformation on a porous bed in an ocean of finite depth, is investigated here within the framework of linearized water wave theory. Using perturbation analysis, the corresponding problem governed by modified Helmholtz equation is reduced to a boundary value problem for the first-order correction of the potential function. The first-order potential and, hence, the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by a method based on Green's integral theorem with the introduction of appropriate Green's function. Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples shows that when the quotient of twice the component of the incident field wave number along x-direction and the ripple wave number approaches one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and the free-surface, and the reflection coefficient becomes a multiple of the number of ripples. Again, for small angles of incidence, the reflected energy is more as compared to the other angles of incidence. It is also observed that the reflected energy is somewhat sensitive to the changes in the porosity of the ocean bed. From the derived results, the solutions for problems with impermeable ocean bed can be obtained as particular cases.     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究（英文）

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

FPSO与油轮串靠外输时的系泊时域分析

Problems experienced during Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) tandem offloading operations were investigated. The aim of this research was to improve the reliability of such systems, and it needed a means to assess them. Time-domain simulation and analysis of offloading systems was performed using the multi-body mooring software ARIANE 7.0. Hydrodynamic interaction between the vessels was considered. The responses of the offloading system in different loading cases, different parameters of offloading hawsers and the effects of challenging environmental conditions were calculated. There was a focus on the problems of relative motion between the two bodies and its effects on the intensity of hawser forces. Minimum relative distance, maximum relative headings and maximum tension in the hawsers of offloading systems were obtained by time-domain analysis. The time-domain analysis was effective and comparative study can be used to optimize parameters of the system and extend operating limits.     

超大型浮体连接器载荷时域计算（英文）

Loads generated after an air crash, ship collision, and other accidents may destroy very large floating structures(VLFSs) and create additional connector loads. In this study, the combined effects of ship collision and wave loads are considered to establish motion differential equations for a multi-body VLFS. A time domain calculation method is proposed to calculate the connector load of the VLFS in waves. The Longuet–Higgins model is employed to simulate the stochastic wave load. Fluid force and hydrodynamic coefficient are obtained with DNV Sesam software. The motion differential equation is calculated by applying the time domain method when the frequency domain hydrodynamic coefficient is converted into the memory function of the motion differential equation of the time domain. As a result of the combined action of wave and impact loads, high-frequency oscillation is observed in the time history curve of the connector load. At wave directions of 0° and 75°, the regularities of the time history curves of the connector loads in different directions are similar and the connector loads of C1 and C2 in the X direction are the largest. The oscillation load is observed in the connector in the Y direction at a wave direction of 75° and not at 0°. This paper presents a time domain calculation method of connector load to provide a certain reference function for the future development of Chinese VLFS     

双层多孔薄壁结构在斜浪环境中的波浪反射与透射分析的多域边界元法研究（英文）

In the present paper, we examine the performance of an efficient type of wave-absorbing porous marine structure under the attack of regular oblique waves by using a Multi-Domain Boundary Element Method(MDBEM). The structure consists of two perforated vertical thin barriers creating what can be called a wave absorbing chamber system. The barriers are surface piercing, thereby eliminating wave overtopping. The problem of the interaction of obliquely incident linear waves upon a pair of perforated barriers is first formulated in the context of linear diffraction theory. The resulting boundary integral equation, which is matched with far-field solutions presented in terms of analytical series with unknown coefficients, as well as the appropriate boundary conditions at the free surface, seabed, and barriers, is then solved numerically using MDBEM. Dissipation of the wave energy due to the presence of the perforated barriers is represented by a simple yet effective relation in terms of the porosity parameter appropriate for thin perforated walls. The results are presented in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients. The effects of the incident wave angles, relative water depths, porosities, depths of the walls, and other major parameters of interest are explored.     

FPSO与运输船旁靠时液舱晃荡与船舶运动耦合效应分析

浮式生产储存船(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)与运输船进行旁靠作业时,存在两船体的运动与液舱晃荡的耦合效应.文中基于法国船级社(BV)的三维线性频域水动力分析软件Hydro STAR,首先对一艘FPSO进行了波浪中的运动响应计算,通过与试验结果对比,验证了数值模型和计算方法的有效性.然后计算分析了液舱不同载液率及FPSO与运输船旁靠这两个因素对耦合运动响应的影响.结果表明:旁靠时两者间存在遮蔽效应,且FPSO和运输船的液舱载液率对彼此的运动响应均具有一定影响.     

艇后大侧斜螺旋桨负载噪声数值分析（英文）

为研究艇后非均匀流场中大侧斜螺旋桨无空泡负载噪声的分布规律,文章采用CFD+BEM法,以SUBOFF潜艇后某大侧斜桨为研究对象,首先稳态计算均匀进流下螺旋桨敞水特性,模拟系数值与实验误差在3%以内,验证了CFD数值计算的可信性。然后采用大涡(LES)模拟,对艇+桨进行三维非定常数值模拟,计算得到桨表面声偶极子数据后,通过距离加权平均法映射到声网格节点上,将噪声源直接分布在桨叶表面上进行积分来预报螺旋桨的低频线谱噪声。采用边界元法基于扇声源理论通过FW-H声类比方程分别在1 k Hz以内对桨盘面、轴向纵剖面及10倍桨半径球场的噪声进行频域求解。研究表明:桨盘面和轴向纵剖面上声指向均呈8字形,但受螺旋桨自身旋转及大侧斜的存在,指向性不唯一;球场声场显示,轴向声辐射面较大,声辐射强,径向辐射面小且辐射较弱;特征点的计算结果显示,高阶叶频声压级明显比一阶叶频低,这与物理现象相符,将特征点处结果与已发表文献进行对比,吻合性良好,并对存在的差异作出了合理的物理解释。该文为螺旋桨噪声预报介绍了一种可行的新方法。     

锚泊辅助动力定位单缆失效时域模拟（英文）

This paper focuses on the research of a semi-submersible platform equipped with a DP-assisted mooring system. Based on the working principles of the DP-assisted mooring system and the model of the platform motion, a time domain simulation program is applied to analyze the impact, in the case of one line failure, on the platform motion, power consumption of the thrusters and the tension of the mooring lines. The results show that, under the10-year wind dominant, a one line failure will have little impact on the tension of the mooring lines. When the failure line is windward,the power consumption will increase greatly with a weakened position of accuracy. However when the failure line is leeward, the power consumption will be reduced with a partly strengthened position of accuracy.     

船首外伸对规则波顶浪航行上水量的影响分析（英文）

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation dealing with the effect of bow overhang extensions on the quantity of shipping water over the foredeck in case of ships advancing in regular head waves. To perform this investigation, a series of free-running tests was conducted in regular waves using an experimental model of a multipurpose cargo ship to quantify the amount of shipping water. The tests were performed on five bow overhang variants with several combinations of wavelength and ship speed conditions. It was observed that the quantity of shipping water was affected by some parameters such as wavelength, ship speed, and bow shape in terms of an overhang extension. The results show the significant influence of an overhang extension, which is associated with the bow flare shape, on the occurrence of water shipping. These results involve the combined incoming regular waves and model speed.     

斜壁结构的水动力收敛方法研究（英文）

在分析波浪中的船舶运动或者计算大型结构的水动力系数时,往往采用时域格林函数方法。时域格林函数的一个重要局限性在于它在计算具有倾斜壁面的水动力系数时,结果很容易发散。时域格林函数本身的奇异性以及高频振动特性显然是水动力发散的一个重要原因。但即使该奇异性通过增加粘性以及表面张力的方式使之消失,计算具有斜壁结构的水动力时,发散现象依然存在。因此,该文提出一种滤波方法,除去时域格林函数的高频部分,留下其低频部分,并定义滤波系数,从而使作用于斜壁结构上的水动力值收敛。通过文中结果与频域兴波格林函数法的比较来确定最优滤波系数。结果表明:最优滤波系数几乎与运动幅值无关,但会受到运动频率以及物面形状的影响。     

船舶航线优化中任意浪向的航速损失预测模型（英文）

This paper proposes a semi-empirical model to predict a ship's speed loss at arbitrary wave heading.In the model,the formulas that estimate a ship's added resistance due to waves attacking from different heading angles have been further developed.A correction factor is proposed to consider the nonlinear effect due to large waves in power estimation.The formulas are developed and verified by model tests of 5 ships in regular waves with various heading angles.The full-scale measurements from three different types of ships,i.e.,a PCTC,a container ship,and a chemical tanker,are used to validate the proposed model for speed loss prediction in irregular waves.The effect of the improved model for speed loss prediction on a ship's voyage optimization is also investigated.The results indicate that a ship's voyage optimization solutions can be significantly affected by the prediction accuracy of speed loss caused by waves.