大型船舶倒车制动性能实用预报方法

为了安全航运,船舶驾驶员通常借助于倒车实施紧急制动进行避让、泊入锚地或靠离码头。文章基于船舶制动运动数学模型,应用速度线性递减假定,建立了船舶在各种工况下的制动性能的预报方法。通过实例计算和试验结果的比较可知,该预报方法可用于船舶在各种航速、各种功率下的制动性能预报,为驾驶人员提供实施操纵作业的技术参考。     

洋山深水港区一期工程航行安全模拟试验研究

运用电子操纵模拟器 ,预演了第六代集装箱船在各种不利航行条件下进出洋山深水港区的航行过程 ,分析了风、浪、流等环境因素对船舶操纵的影响 ,确定了船舶安全进出港所需的航道宽度、船舶安全靠泊条件和掉头操纵水域尺度。大量的模拟试验研究结果证实 :洋山深水港区具有良好的船舶航行条件 ,船舶按一期工程小洋山方案 (一 )、小洋山方案 (二 )以及小洋山～镬盖塘方案进行靠离泊和掉头操纵无本质差异 ,主要不同点在于船舶通过窄口后小洋山方案 (一 )和小洋山方案 (二 )比小洋山～镬盖塘方案有较长的制动水域     

大型船舶在港内保向和制动的另一种方法

在大型船舶的进港操纵中,如果能够熟练地掌握大型船舶在港内的保向和制动,将大大提高船舶进港操纵的安全性。根据连云港的实际情况,探讨在大型船舶进港接近泊位的航行操纵中进行保向和制动的方法,供同行参考。     

船舶失控后运动状态分析

运用船舶操纵理论，结合苏通桥桥区水域的具体水文、气象以及航道条件，确定船舶失控后的各种运动参量，判断失控船舶是否能够安全通过大桥，并为船舶操纵和管理人员提供行动上的依据。     

三峡枢纽船闸水域船舶安全航速最小能见度分析

针对三峡枢纽因能见度不良严重影响过闸效率的难题,通过实船测试等原型观测手段,分析阵雾条件下过闸船舶单向控制性通航操纵特点,并实测制动冲程数据,借鉴同类船舶测试应用的经验公式,计算代表性船舶的制动冲程。从偏安全角度,分析三峡枢纽船闸水域规定的安全航速对应的最小能见度。结果表明,阵雾条件下200 m的能见度,能够满足船闸水域控制性通航要求,为进一步提高三峡枢纽通过能力提供参考。     

强横风时船舶驶进新港船闸安全操纵

文章结合天津船闸特点,对在强横风条件下各种不同吃水的船舶借风漂移的速度进行了演算,从而对如何操纵船舶安全进入新港船闸和进闸时应注意的事项作了论述。     

大型重载船舶在受限水域操纵中若干问题探讨

大型重载船舶航行在受限水域,不仅缩小了可航水道的宽度,并且富余水深小,浅水效应与岸壁效应明显,增大了操纵难度.此文结合水深、航道宽度等影响因素,阐述了大型重载船舶港内受限水域操纵中,对于船位控制、过弯操纵以及拖轮应急制动等方面的特殊要求,并结合船舶操纵实际,提出在受限水域中的安全操纵要领及注意事项.     

“科学一号”轮靠泊海事码头方案分析

分析船舶自身条件以及船舶自身的基本参数和操纵性能,以及码头的地理条件、自然条件和气象条件等影响船舶安全进港的主要环境因素,并综合考虑各种内、外界因素对船舶进港操作的影响,归纳合理利用外界的有利因素,克服外界不利因素对船舶操纵的影响,对靠泊方案进行仔细研究,把握船舶进港时几个关键位置的控制,合理选择船舶进港的时机,在船舶进港过程中不断地调整船位和船首向,使船舶在进港过程中始终处于可控状态,实现船舶安全进港口之目标。     

浅谈超大型船舶锚泊操纵应考虑的几个问题

超大型船舶的锚泊操纵是超大型船舶航行安全保障的关键环节。文中提出超大型船舶锚泊时锚位的选择、接近锚地的减速标准、适当的锚泊方式、正确的锚泊操纵方法、锚泊外力极限和临界风速以及不同海况条件下的锚泊方案等几个问题并进行了探讨和一定的量化分析，并提出了安全锚泊的优化方案。     

航行安全技术下全驱动船舶操纵系统防撞控制方法

传统的全驱动船舶操纵系统防撞控制效果差,发生碰撞次数较多,为此设计一种航行安全技术下全驱动船舶操纵系统防撞控制方法。利用船舶操纵性的网络分析模型充分分析船舶航行中的干扰项,分别建立动力学模型以及运动模型,并设定船舶操纵系统防撞控制目标,以此实现航行安全技术下全驱动船舶操纵系统防撞控制。实验证明,此次设计的航行安全技术下全驱动船舶操纵系统防撞控制方法比传统方法控制后的发生碰撞次数少,证明了此次设计方法的有效性,具备实际应用意义。     

船舶航向控制器半实物仿真

为了满足驾驶专业船舶操纵的教学、训练和评估，研制了基于PC和PLC的船舶航向控制器半实物仿真系统。建立了船舶运动数学模型、舵机系统模型，实现了船舶在不同船型、不同状态和海况下的多种操作性能的半实物仿真。     

操纵运动船舶的水动力计算研究

以船舶操纵水动力预报为研究背景,通过对商用计算流体力学软件FLUENT的二次开发,采用其动网格技术以及后处理系统,对大型船舶操纵水动力导数进行了数值计算.船体按照斜航、不同舵角、纯横荡和纯首摇等状态做运动,得出随船坐标系下作用于其上的水动力及力矩.通过进行基于最小二乘法的曲线拟合,最终求得船舶操纵水动力导数.计算结果与势流理论计算结果一致,表明了所提出的计算方法适用于复杂船舶运动的水动力导数计算.     

基于LQR限宽水域中KVLCC2操纵运动控制研究

在航道宽度受限制的水域中,船舶会受到岸壁效应的影响,横向力与首摇力矩将发生变化,这会对船舶的航行安全产生不利的影响.鉴于此问题,本文应用现代控制理论最优控制LQR方法,对在限制水域中航行的超大型油轮KVLCC2的操纵运动进行控制研究.为便于LQR控制器的设计,采用线性状态空间形式的操纵运动方程,基于数值模拟获取的相应线性水动力系数,计算出使目标函数值最小的增益矩阵K,从而得到满足最优控制规律的时域舵角变化,实现对不同宽度水域中船舶运动的最优控制,并与极点配置控制法作比较,验证LQR控制器的优越性.结果表明,当船岸距离d/L≥1.2时,船舶基本不受岸壁效应的影响,控制幅度极小;当岸壁距离d/L=0.25时,摆舵角度将超过6°,同时船舶前进速度也将下降,下降幅度将超过前进速度的10%,岸壁效应明显.     

船舶操纵运动仿真中船舶碰岸检测研究

建立船舶操纵运动数学模型,计算确定相邻的岸线线段和船舶轮廓线线段之间的凹凸关系,提出船舶操纵运动仿真中船舶碰岸检测算法,并对检测到的碰岸情况进行时间步长调整。编制了计算程序,对于船舶轮廓线端点位于岸线内侧和岸线端点位于船舶内部两种船舶碰岸情况进行了碰岸检测仿真试验,试验结果良好,很好地避免了在船舶操纵运动仿真中出现船舶冲上码头或者岸滩的现象。     

船舶模拟器驾驶台仿真系统研究

本文以用于三峡船闸运行过程仿真的船舶模拟器为背景,介绍了船舶模拟驾驶台的结构及设计方案,以内河航运船舶为对象构成了驾驶台半实物仿真系统,建立了主机、舵机数学模型,对模拟驾驶台的结构,仿真方法作了详尽的研究。     

用naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器数值模拟船舶在波浪上的操纵运动问题（英文）

Ship maneuvering in waves includes the performance of ship resistance, seakeeping, propulsion, and maneuverability. It is a complex hydrodynamic problem with the interaction of many factors. With the purpose of directly predicting the behavior of ship maneuvering in waves, a CFD solver named naoe-FOAM-SJTU is developed by the Computational Marine Hydrodynamics Lab(CMHL) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The solver is based on open source platform OpenFOAM and has introduced dynamic overset grid technology to handle complex ship hull-propeller-rudder motion system. Maneuvering control module based on feedback control mechanism is also developed to accurately simulate corresponding motion behavior of free running ship maneuver. Inlet boundary wavemaker and relaxation zone technique is used to generate desired waves. Based on the developed modules, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) computations are carried out for several validation cases of free running ship maneuver in waves including zigzag, turning circle, and course keeping maneuvers. The simulation results are compared with available benchmark data. Ship motions, trajectories, and other maneuvering parameters are consistent with available experimental data, which indicate that the present solver can be suitable and reliable in predicting the performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Flow visualizations, such as free surface elevation, wake flow, vortical structures, are presented to explain the hydrodynamic performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Large flow separation can be observed around propellers and rudders. It is concluded that RANS approach is not accurate enough for predicting ship maneuvering in waves with large flow separations and detached eddy simulation(DES) or large eddy simulation(LES) computations are required to improve the prediction accuracy.     

A unified seakeeping and maneuvering analysis of ships in regular waves

The behavior of a ship in regular waves during maneuvering was studied by using a two-time scale model. The maneuvering analysis was based on Söding’s (Schiffstechnik 1982; 29:3–29) nonlinear slender-body theory generalized to account for heel. Forces and moments due to rudder, propeller, and viscous cross-flow follow from the state-of-the-art procedures. The developed unified theory of seakeeping and maneuvering was verified and validated for calm water by comparing it with experimental and calculated zigzag and circle maneuvers. Linear wave-induced motions and loads were determined by generalizing the Salvesen-Tuck-Faltinsen (Trans SNAME 1970; 78:250–287) strip theory. The mean second-order wave loads in incident regular deep water waves in oblique sea conditions were estimated by the potential flow theories of Faltinsen et al. (Proc 13th Symp Naval Hydrody 1980), Salvesen (Proc Intl Symp Dynam Mar Vehicl Struct Wave 1974), and Loukakis and Sclavounos (J Ship Res 1978; 22:1–19). The considered theories cover the whole range of important wavelengths. Comparisons between the different mean second-order wave load theories and available experimental data were carried out for different ship hull forms when the ship was advancing forward on a straight course. The mentioned methods have been incorporated into the maneuvering model. Their applicability from the perspective of the maneuvering ability of the selected types of ships was investigated in given wave environments. The wave conditions are valid for realistic maneuvering cases in open coastal areas. It was demonstrated that the incident waves may have an important influence on the maneuvering behavior of a ship. The added resistance, mean second-order transverse force, and yaw moment also play important roles.     

基于LS-SVM的船舶操纵运动在线建模

基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)和积分型辨识样本结构开展了船舶操纵运动的在线建模.以整体型Abkow-itz模型为辨识对象,大阪号油轮作为具体研究对象.在操纵运动仿真时,采用40个粘性类水动力导数的Abkowitz模型,但是在参数辨识时,采用了仅具有20个粘性类水动力导数的简化模型.为了对建模方法的有效性进行检验,将辨识得到的水动力导数与其原始值进行了比较,同时也针对辨识模型和原始模型的操纵运动仿真进行了比较.辨识结果表明,使用简化模型进行船舶操纵运动的在线建模是合适的,具有较好的预报效果和较高的精度.     

基于神经网络的船舶操纵运动建模研究（英文）

In this paper, Neural Networks(NNs) are used in the modeling of ship maneuvering motion. A nonlinear response model and a linear hydrodynamic model of ship maneuvering motion are also investigated. The maneuverability indices and linear non-dimensional hydrodynamic derivatives in the models are identified by using two-layer feed forward NNs. The stability of parametric estimation is confirmed. Then, the ship maneuvering motion is predicted based on the obtained models. A comparison between the predicted results and the model test results demonstrates the validity of the proposed modeling method.