~(99m)Tc-MIBI甲状腺癌阳性显像

目的　研究99mTc -MIBI三相显像对甲状腺癌的定性诊断价值。方法　将 1 5 0例受检者分甲状腺癌 ( 5 8例 )和甲状腺良性结节 ( 92例 )两组 ,以患侧 /健侧摄取比值 (UR)为定量指标 ,观察其 5min和 60min摄取比值变化。结果　甲状腺癌组动脉血流灌注异常增高占 74 1 3% ,而良性结节组仅为 31 .5 2 % ;甲状腺癌组 5min和 60minUR值分别为 1 86± 0 65和 1 63±0 49,而良性结节组分别为 0 81 3± 0 1 8和 0 82 7± 0 1 6,两组两时相UR值比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　99mTc MIBI三相显像对甲状癌的定性诊断具有较高价值。     

张口上仰位三相骨显像对颞颌关节紊乱综合征的诊断

研究放射性核素三相骨显像对颞颌关节紊乱综合征的早期诊断价值。方法　采用常规前位及张口上仰位对 2 2例颞颌关节综合征患者进行了三相骨显像。结果　常规前位及张口上仰位三相骨显像对颞颌关节紊乱综合征的阳性检出率分别为 70 .83%、87.50 %。张口上仰位三相骨显像患健侧颞颌关节放射性比值在血流相对峰值比为 1 .53± 0 .2 9,在延迟相时为 1 .57±0 .2 3,与常规前位采集均有显著性差异 ( P <0 .0 1 )。结论　张口上仰位三相骨显像能早期诊断颞颌关节紊乱综合征     

SPECT颌骨静态显像对良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

应用SPECT(单光子发射计算机断层仪)对正常领骨30例和病人53例行SPECT颌骨静态显像,结果表明领骨良恶性肿瘤病变其SPECT静态像的核素浓集程度和方式、病变侧放射性计数(A)与健侧放射性计数(N)的比值(A/N)差异有高度显著性(P<0.005),病变范围大小同X线对照表明;当领骨肿瘤其SPECT静态图的病变范围明显大于X线显示的病变,则肿瘤的恶性可能性大。以上的结果为临床上对良恶性颌骨病变的鉴别提供了较重要的根据和定量筛选恶性病变的指标。     

单侧黑质纹状体通路损毁改变腹侧苍白球的神经活动

目的 观察单侧黑质纹状体通路损毁对大鼠腹侧苍白球(ventral pallidum, VP)神经元电活动的影响.方法 采用在体细胞外记录方法研究正常大鼠和帕金森病(Parkinson's disease, PD)大鼠VP神经元放电频率和放电形式的变化.结果 对照组大鼠VP神经元的平均放电频率为(16.1±1.2)Hz (n=41);2周和4周PD组大鼠VP神经元的平均放电频率分别是(9.3±0.8)Hz (n=43)和(8.6±1.0)Hz (n=47),与对照组相比,VP神经元的平均放电频率显著减低(P均<0.001),但两PD模型组之间VP神经元的平均放电频率无明显差异(P>0.05).在对照组大鼠,规则放电的神经元占44%(18/41),不规则放电的神经元占52%(21/41),爆发式放电的神经元仅占4%(2/41);在2周和4周PD模型组大鼠,具有规则、不规则和爆发式放电的VP神经元的百分比分别为14%(6/43)、47%(20/43)、39%(17/43)和17%(8/47)、49%(23/47)、34%(16/47),2周和4周PD组大鼠VP中爆发式放电的神经元明显多于对照组(P均<0.01),而两PD模型组之间VP神经元的放电形式未见显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 单侧黑质纹状体通路损毁诱发大鼠VP神经元的放电频率降低,具有爆发式放电的神经元增多,这种变化可能与伏核-VP的抑制性神经传递增强有关.     

脑肿瘤~(99m)Tc-MIBI脑SPECT显像的影像特征及应用价值

为探讨 99m Tc-甲氧基异丁基异腈 ( MIBI)脑 SPECT显像在脑肿瘤中的影像特征及应用价值 ,对 1 0例正常对照者和 30例脑内病变患者进行99m Tc- MIBI脑SPECT显像。结果 :对照组脑实质内均无核素浓聚 ,脑肿瘤组表现为阳性结果者 1 9例 ,显示出脑实质内有局限性核素浓聚 ;表现为阴性结果者 6例 ,均为脑肿瘤术后无复发者 ;5例非肿瘤组良性病变患者均表现为阴性结果。本组术前诊断脑肿瘤的灵敏度与特异性均为 1 0 0 %。表明该显像方法可用于脑肿瘤的诊断 ,尤其是发现并鉴别脑肿瘤术后残留、复发及软化灶形成。     

右下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症误诊1例

1　病历摘要　患者男 ,54岁 ,以右下肢跛行 1年就诊于骨科。 1年前 ,无明显原因右下肢发麻 ,小腿外侧疼痛不适 ,无红肿。行走时呈间歇性跛行 ,站立及活动时疼痛加重 ,平卧或坐位时减轻。左下肢活动如常。上述症状呈进行性加重 ,并且患肢发凉、怕冷、皮肤干燥 ,夜间出现疼痛。大小便正常。近 1 0年来经常有腰背部放射性疼痛 ,以弯腰时明显。无外伤史。否认高血压病史。骨科查体 :神志清楚 ,心、肺、腹部未见异常。脊柱呈生理性弯曲 ,无侧凸及后凸畸形 ,腰 4～骶 1 棘突压痛 ( ) ,叩击痛 ( ) ,椎旁压痛 ( -) ,双下肢无畸形 ,肌力 级 ,肌张…     

~(99)Tc~m-HL91在肺部肿瘤诊断中的临床价值

目的　应用99Tcm HL91进行肺部肿瘤阳性显像 ,探讨其在肿瘤良恶性诊断中的临床应用价值。方法　对 42例高度怀疑肺部肿瘤的患者注射99Tcm HL91后行 2h、4h平面显像及 4hSPECT/CT断层融合显像 ,使用ROI技术计算肿块与对侧正常肺组织的比值 (T/N)。结果　恶性组在 2h、4h平面及 4h断层图像上T/N值分别为 1.50±0 .17、1.71± 0 .2 2、2 .72± 0 .75,良性病变组分别为 1.2 1± 0 .10、1.2 5± 0 .2 2、1.49± 0 .3 6,各组间均有显著性差异 (P均 <0 .0 1) ;恶性组 4h延迟平面像组较 2h组T/N比值明显增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,而良性组无明显增高 (P >0 .0 5) ;各病理类型各时相之间无显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5) ;以恶性组横断层T/N值 x -1s为诊断阈值 ,其诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为 84.85%、88.89%和 85.71% ;以良性组 x + 1s为诊断阈值 ,灵敏度、特异度及准确性分别为 90 .91%、88.89%和 95.2 4%。结论　99Tcm HL91作为一种肿瘤阳性显像剂 ,对肺部肿瘤的定性诊断具有较高价值     

~(99)Tc~m-MIBI SPECT/CT显像的不同本底对孤立性肺结节诊断效能的影响

目的探讨行99 Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT断层显像时选取不同本底对孤立性肺结节诊断效能的影响。方法回顾性分析38例患者的孤立性肺结节,根据病理结果将其分为恶性组和良性组;分别选取病灶对侧肺野(DL)及对侧软组织为本底,计算病灶/本底(L/N)最大计数值(MAX)以及平均计数值(MEAN),比较良恶性病灶组间差异并采用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评价不同本底对鉴别诊断良恶性病灶的效能。病灶大小和病理学分级与L/N比值关系采用Spearman进行相关性分析。结果以对侧肺野及对侧软组织作为本底,良恶性组间L/N MAX以及MEAN的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,以对侧肺野或对侧软组织作为本底,即L/DL-MAX、L/DLMEAN、L/NST-MAX、L/NST-MEAN的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.73、0.78、0.80、0.86,两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。病灶大小及恶性病灶病理分级与病灶L/N比值均无明显相关性(P均>0.05)。结论采用99 Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT断层显像鉴别诊断肺结节时,对侧肺野及对侧软组织均可作为本底进行L/N比值计算。以对侧软组织为本底的平均值计算L/N比值略显优势,灵敏度及特异度均较高,可提供稳定、效能高的诊断结果。     

首发精神分裂症患者前额叶磁共振质子波谱的成像

目的探讨精神分裂症患者双侧前额叶皮质的磁共振质子波谱(MRS)的特点,以便为临床诊断和病因提供依据。方法应用H1-MRS成像技术,对20例首发精神分裂症的患者和与之相匹配的20名健康志愿者的双侧前额叶的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸复合物(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)和肌酸-磷酸肌酸复合物(Cr)含量进行检测,对NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr的比值进行计算。其中组别作为组间差异,左右侧作为组内差异。结果精神分裂症患者双侧前额叶NAA/Cr的比值低于正常人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而Cho/Cr的比值在精神分裂症患者与正常人间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者额叶的神经元功能可能降低。     

首发与复发急性期精神分裂症患者脑白质弥散张量成像研究

目的分析首发和复发急性期精神分裂症患者脑白质完整性的变化,探究精神分裂症的发病机制。方法纳入34例首发、33例复发的精神分裂症患者及50例健康对照者,收集人口学资料及临床资料并进行核磁共振(弥散张量成像)扫描。采用基于脑白质骨架的空间追踪法(tract-based spatial statistics, TBSS)分析方法评估脑白质完整性。结果与对照组相比,首发组和复发组的双侧上纵束、双侧下额枕束、双侧小脑中脚、胼胝体体部和压部及双侧前、后放射冠和左侧上放射冠FA(fractional anisotropy)值降低(P<0.05)。与复发组相比,首发组双侧上纵束、双侧前放射冠、胼胝体体部和压部的FA值明显降低;左侧下额枕束、双侧小脑中脚的FA值明显升高(P<0.05)。结论首发和复发的急性期精神分裂症患者脑白质结构均存在广泛异常,首发患者的脑白质完整性损害更严重。     

精神分裂症和抑郁症局部脑血流的变化

目的　探讨单光子发射电子计算机断层显像扫描 (SPECT)在精神分裂症 (SC)与抑郁症 (DE)的临床诊断及脑部功能异常定位研究的价值。方法　采用SPECT技术 ,对首发、未服药的 2 7例精神分裂症及 12例抑郁症患者与 10例正常人于静息状态下行脑血流 (rCBF)显像研究。结果　以阳性症状为主SC、以阴性症状为主SC及DE患者rCBF异常的阳性率分别为 5 4.5 4%、75 .0 0 %、83.33%。rCBF异常均表现皮层内局限性放射性分布稀疏、缺损区。SC患者rCBF异常脑叶涉及范围较大 ,以颞叶、额叶、顶叶、枕叶为主 ,且额叶rCBF减低与阴性症状明显有关。DE患者rCBF减低仅局限在颞叶或额叶 ,且以左侧颞叶或额叶为主。结论　精神分裂症不同亚型和抑郁症患者的脑叶rCBF的异常各有其特点。SPECT脑显像对两种疾病的诊断及脑功能异常的定位研究均有重要的价值。     

ROLE OF 99Tcm-SESTAMIBI DUAL-PHASE PARATHYROID SCINTIGRAPHY IN PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Objective To evaluate the application of 99Tcm-sestamibi dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy in the preoperative localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and to compare the diagnostic efficacy of various imaging modalities. Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients, diagnosed as hyperparathyroidism and presented with hypercalcaemia as the predominant symptom, were included. All the patients underwent dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy using 99Tcm-sestamibi and parathyroid ultrasound scan. Among them, 48 patients underwent parathyroid computed tomography (CT). All patients were referred for parathyroidectomy. Results 99Tcm-sestamibi dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy revealed the diagnostic sensitivity of 76.5%, 80%, 75% and 33.3% for the subgroup of single adenomas, multiple adenomas, ectopic parathyroid and parathyroid hyperplasia respectively. The specificity was 100% for all leisons. 99Tcm-sestamibi dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy was proved to be superior to the other imaging modalities (ultrasound and CT) in terms of the preoperative diagnostic accuracy. The lesion weight was found to be an underlying factor leading to the false negative result. Conclusion 99Tcm-sestamibi dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy was found to have higher diagnostic accuracy in comparison with other imaging modalities and is recommended preoperatively in order to reduce the sugery time and unnecessary neck exploration.     

Discriminant analysis in the study of Alzheimer’s disease using feature extractions and support vector machines in positron emission tomography with 18F-FDG

With more successful applications of advanced medical imaging technologies in clinical diagnosis,various analytic discriminant approaches, by seeking the imaging based characteristics of a given disease to achieve automatic diagnosis, gain greater attention in the medical community. However the existing computer-aided discriminant procedures for Alzheimer's disease(AD) are yet to be improved for better identifying patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) from those with AD and those who are cognitively normal. In this work we present a computer assisted diagnosis approach by first statistically extracting characteristics from whole brain2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography(18F-FDG PET) images, and then using support vector machines for classification. Evaluations of the proposed procedure with patient data exhibit satisfactory accuracies in distinguishing AD from its early stage MCI, and normal controls.     

阴虚动风证帕金森病LID大鼠氨基酸变化的动态研究及复方地黄方的干预作用

目的探讨阴虚动风证帕金森病LID大鼠脑内氨基酸类神经递质的动态变化及复方地黄方的干预作用。方法采用6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)偏侧损毁黑质制备帕金森病(PD)大鼠模型,成功的PD模型大鼠腹腔注射左旋多巴/苄丝阱[50/12.5(mg.kg)],制备阴虚动风证帕金森病LID病证的大鼠模型。将大鼠分为复方地黄方组、LID组、正常对照组、假手术组,并在治疗4周、6周后取纹状体,应用高效液相法(HPLC)测定各组大鼠纹状体内氨基酸的含量。结果阴虚动风证帕金森病LID模型大鼠纹状体内兴奋性氨基酸显著升高;复方地黄方能显著降低兴奋性氨基酸的含量,抑制性氨基酸含量则明显升高。结论复方地黄方缓解帕金森病LID的机制可能是通过调节脑内氨基酸的水平、减轻其兴奋毒性来实现的。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF OMENTUM TRANSPOSITION TO BRAIN FOR TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Objective To learn the effect of omemtum transposition to the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods Ten consecutive patients, aged 58 - 81 years old, underwent graft of their elongated pedicled omentum onto their left frontal-temperal-parietal cerebral cortex. Those patients, who had more than five years of dementia with low mini mental-state examination (MMSE) scores of 2 -15, were diagnosed by a neurologist. All subjects underwent single photon evoked computer tomography (SPECT) pre- and post-operatively.SPECT results were analyzed semi-quantitatively by calculation of the left/right radioactivity counts symmetry index (Si). The patients were followed up to one year. The outcome was evaluated by the neurologist with a modified scale of activities of daily living (mADL) as well as the MMSE. Results Three months following the surgery,the Si of SPECT increased from ( 98. 7 ± 1.9) % to ( 103. 9 ± 2.3 ) % ( P = 0. 0307). The neurological and neuropsychological testing scores increased insignificantly during the follow-up period. By the one year, the MMSE score rose from 8. 7 ± 1.4 to 10. 7 ± 1.8 ( P ＞ 0. 05 ), while the mADL from 13.3 ± 1.8 to 16. 9 ± 2. 0 ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). One of the patients suffered a heart attack, two had epileptic episodes postoperatively. Conclusion We believe that omental transposition to the brain augments cerebral blood flow, which might be helpful to decelerate the processing of Alzheimer's disease. However, it is still a potentially risky procedure for the elderly.     

Serum renalase inversely related to heart rate variability in dialysis patients

Heart rate variability （HRV） is a noninvasive technique for autonomic nerve activity assessment and an indirect index of adrenergic cardiovascular drive. Renalase is the only known enzyme degrading circulatory catecholamines, participating in regulations of the cardiovascular and sympathetic nervous systems. This study aims at the relation between serum renalase and HRV indexes in dialysis patients. There were 14 hemodialysis （HD） cases, 16 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis （PD） cases, and 16 healthy volunteers enrolled in this study. All the subjects underwent 24 h Holter testing by using a dynamic electocardiogram monitor system to determine HRV parameters, and serum renalase levels were measured. The standard deviation of normal to normal R-R intervals （SDNN, a measure of beat-to-beat variability）, root mean square successive difference （RMSSD）, and the proportion derived by dividing NN50 （the number of interval differences of successive normal to normal intervals greater than 50 ms） by the total number of NN intervals （pNN50） were determined to assess HRV. Both HD and PD patients presented increased maximum heart rate （Max-HR）, minimum heart rate （Min-HR） and average heart rate （Ave-HR）, and presented decreased SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50 relative to healthy controls. Serum levels of renalase were highly negatively correlated with Ave-HR （correlation coefficient r = -0.68, probability P 〈 0.01）, while positively correlated with SDNN （r = 0.64, P 〈 0.01） in both the HD and PD groups. Serum level of renalase was positively correlated with 24 h urine volume （r = 0.73, P 〈 0.01） in PD patients. Renalase might be reciprocally related to HRV and inversely related to Ave-HR in dialysis patients, which will help to probe into renalase＇s physiology and may pave the way to explore renalase replacement therapy in patients with end stage renal disease （ESRD）.     

多普勒对青光眼血流动力学研究及临床意义

应用彩色多普勒测定35例眼压控制正常的原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）的视网膜中央动脉（CRA）、睫状动脉（CA）、眼动脉（OA）的血流动力学变化与22例正常组对比。结果两组病人3种动脉的峰值流速（PS）、舒末流速（ED）、阻力指数（RI）无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。提示眼压控制正常的PACG球后动脉血流状态基本正常。     

Significance of sacroiliac joint aerocele in diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis

To explore the significance of sacroiliac joint aerocele in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, the data of 196 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were collected during December of 2008 to May of 2009. And 50 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), 15 patients with sclerosing osteitis (SO) and 47 patients with sacroiliac joint tumors were investigated as the control groups. The feature of sacroiliac joint aerocele in computed tomography (CT) images was observed carefully. In AS group there were 130 patients (66.3%) diagnosed as AS according to CT results, and 32 of them (24.6%) were observed with aerocele within sacroiliac joint cavity, majority of whom were earlier AS patients with slight bone destruction. Other 66 patients were diagnosed as early AS according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography. CT examination showed that the 66 patients did not have apparent bone destruction, of whom, 26 (39.4%) patients had aerocele within sacroiliac joint cavity. Among the control groups of 15 (15/50, 30.0%) patients with OA, 5 (5/15, 33.3%) patients with SO were observed sacroiliac joint aerocele. The 47 patients with sacroiliac joint tumors were observed with bone or cartilage destruction, but without signs of sacroiliac joint aerocele. The sacroiliac joint aerocele in CT images of AS patients usually appeared as spots, streaks, small or larger round blocks, and it often happened in patients with earlier stage of diseases. Sacroiliac joint aerocele may be useful to early diagnosis of AS.     

IL-1β、TNF-α和NO水平变化在某些神经系统疾病中的意义

目的　探讨在高原条件下IL 1 β、TNF α及NO水平变化在某些神经系统疾病中的意义。方法　以多发性硬化 (MS)、格林 巴利综合症 (GBS)和帕金森氏病 (PD)患者为对象 ,用ELISA法测定血清及脑脊液中IL 1 β、TNF α和NO水平。结果　MS和GBS患者血清及脑脊液中的IL 1 β、TNF α及NO水平与对照组相比显著升高 (P <0 0 1 ) ;PD患者血清中该三种物质与对照组相比无明显变化 ,但脑脊液中的TNF α和NO明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　提示IL 1 β、TNF α及NO在MS、GBS和PD发病机制中可能起着重要作用 ,它们之间也许存在一种网络调节关系。