Competitiveness between short sea shipping and road freight transport in mainland port connections; the case of two Greek ports

While road freight transport is essential to any modern economy, short sea shipping (SSS) offers a competitive alternative mode of freight transport in terms of private and social costs, when applied in the connection of mainland ports. This mainly stems from the fact that within the context of the latter costs, accidents and environmental impacts in many road links constitute undesirable externalities with which road freight transport is heavily burdened. This paper compares the aforementioned economics of road and sea transport with reference to the connection of the port of Patra (the main western freight gate of Greece) with West Attica (the biggest Greek industrial centre), aiming at providing a viable solution towards the promotion of SSS in the transport chain between mainland ports.     

钢板粘贴补强技术在乡村公路桥梁改造中的应用

针对乡村公路建设中中小跨径桥梁加固改造存在的问题,提出了采用环氧树脂钢板粘贴补强加固技术,通过对环氧树脂钢板的用途和性能进行分析,详细介绍了环氧树脂钢板粘贴补强加固桥梁的具体施工工艺及施工中应该注意的问题,为桥梁维修加固工作提供了参考依据。     

软件成本估算及相关技术研究

软件估算作为软件项目管理的一项重要内容,是确保软件项目成功的关键因素。概述了常用的软件成本估算方法,并比较了其优缺点,详细介绍了目前应用最为广泛的构造性成本模型COCOMOⅡ,并指出该模型在我国应用中存在的问题及未来的发展方向。     

互通式立交改扩建工程设计方案探讨

影响互通立交的改扩建方案的因素很多,文中以某互通改扩建工程为例,根据地形地貌、周边路网和预测交通量等因素,结合路线布设要求,对某互通改扩建工程的3个方案进行了分析比选,最终给出了理想的方案。     

Incentives to reduce port inefficiency: a theoretical approach

Over the last decades, the European Union (EU) has devoted a large amount of effort and money to projects aimed at boosting some of its maritime corridors as a modal alternative to road or rail freight transport. However, the overall design of most of these programmes has ex post revealed as very ineffective. This paper suggests that promoting port efficiency might be a more suitable target to increase the modal split of Short Sea Shipping (SSS) than subsidizing firms to transfer cargo from road to sea. But defining ‘port efficiency’ is a complex task and, therefore, granting money directly to port authorities could also generate perverse moral hazard effects, particularly when the improvements are difficult to monitor and many investments are non-refundable. The European Court of Auditors points out that millions of EU public port finance was wasted on empty terminal and other unused infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to design a proper subsidy to promote SSS by encouraging port improvements through a proper system of incentives. As a policy recommendation, in this paper we propose the development of a subsidy per inefficiency-reduction unit.     

深水防波堤扭王块护面压脚设计方案

以斯里兰卡港口城的深水防波堤为例,探讨扭王块护面的3种不同形式的压脚设计。施工图阶段采用带V形槽的抛石棱体设计,施工中发现防波堤推进严重受制于海侧压脚:1)依托现有施工设备和工艺,放置第1排扭王块的V形槽的施工工效较低; 2) 2~5 t压脚块石受制于当地石场而供应不足。于是,针对性拟定2种压脚设计的替代方案:1)水平摆放一排扭王块体,并在前面用压脚块石进行加强; 2)水平放置3排扭王块,采用扭王块替代2~5 t压脚块石的功能。采用2D物模试验验证了替代方案的技术可行性。     

A study of factors influencing the severity of road crashes involving drunk drivers and non drunk drivers

In this study, an attempt has been made to develop Multinomial Logit (MNL) model by analysing the drunken and non drunken drivers involved in road crashes on Indian highways. Multinomial Logit model has been deployed to assess the influence of various parameters like vehicular, environment and geometric factors on the set of drivers who were found to be drunk at the time of getting involved in the road crash and those who were not under the influence of alcohol at the time of meeting with the road crash. The total economic cost of road crashes in the case of non-drunk driver road crash is Rs. 1046.27 million whereas in the case of drunk driver road crashes it is estimated to be Rs. 204.50 million. Further, it can be observed that economic cost of drunk driver road crashes is varying from 13 to 19 % across different types of road crashes.     

Current publications

Despite the European Union (EU) efforts promoting policies that encourage short sea shipping (SSS) based on its advantages in terms of intermodality and environment, this mode has not yet reached a significant market share compared to land transport. In this paper, we establish a thesis that suggests that funding programs (such as Marco Polo I and II) have not properly offered the right incentives to promote SSS, and aspects such as the key role of port infrastructure and its characteristics, have not been taken into consideration. In a departure from traditional transport cost models, to prove our thesis, we use a theoretical intermodal competition model to compare alternative modes—road transport vs. SSS. We reach the conclusion that the EU needs to focus on ports and transport system efficiency as a whole in order to compete effectively in the freight transport market.     

Violent water-structure interaction: Overtopping features and vertical loads on a fixed structure due to broken incident flows

This paper presents an alternative experimental study of the interaction of broken flows with a fixed structure, concerning the overtopping features and vertical loads over its deck. Wet dam-break tests were carried out to generate incoming flows. Synchronized measurements provided by high-speed cameras, water elevation and force sensors, were used to investigate the influence of tank length in overtopping behaviour and the patterns and loads formed by wet dam-break flows generated by different conditions. During some of the overtopping events analysed, large scale plunging waves were observed, hitting the deck directly and forming large air cavities. These events generated violent interactions with the structure, causing significant loads and chaotic behaviour over the deck, due to the combination of air cavity collapse, reactive splash and run-down. The present approach could be employed as an alternative to study interactions of broken incident flows with different types of fixed structures, allowing the acquisition of detailed data to compare analytical or numerical models.     

城市道路机动车道宽度取值研究

针对城市道路机动车道宽度合理取值问题,通过对主要国家车道宽度取值的比较分析,研究了城市道路机动车道宽度计算理论,同时结合城市道路规范中有关机动车道宽度的规定及计算理论模型的修正,对城市道路机动车道宽度取值进行了探讨。     

公路涵洞工程施工

通过参加南坛路、水南路和平钟路,谈谈本人对涵洞工程施工质量控制的体会。     

集装箱港区交通量计算模式探讨及道路系统的适应性分析

针对集装箱港区吞吐量增长给港区公路集疏运系统所带来的压力,研究公路交通量与集装箱公路集疏运量的关系。通过建立集装箱港区公路交通量的计算模式,并借助交通工程学的有关理论分析港口道路集疏运系统的适应性。本计算模式可指导集装箱港区公路集疏运系统的规划设计,保证集装箱港区公路集疏运系统的顺畅,为类似工程提供参考。     

Analyzing road safety in the United States

This paper reviews road safety performance in the United States. The paper develops a framework for assessing dimensions of road safety, and analyzes the importance of economic factors, travel patterns, demographics, road/traffic/vehicle technology, driver behavior, and public policy. Issues and challenges for future road safety research are discussed.     

浅谈水泥混凝土路面修复设计

水泥混凝土路面的修复整治已经成为广大市政建设工作者关注和研究的—个重要课题。在水泥混凝土路面上做沥青加铺层,具有“刚柔相济”的特点,路基强度高,稳定性好,路面平整、无接缝,行车舒适,能够大大改善旧路面的使用性能。     

基于遗传算法的滩海路堤堤高优化设计研究

滩海路是为了开发丰富的滩海石油资源而修筑的联系陆地与人工岛的纽带.浅海滩涂地带受潮汐影响,水陆界伸缩很大,这就造成了滩海路建设具有费用高、风险大、工期长、维修费用高的特点.堤高是影响滩海路堤工程建设总费用的关键因素,其合理确定对于保证滩海路通行天数、降低工程建设总费用是至关重要的.基于遗传算法,结合全寿命周期成本理论,建立了滩海路堤堤高多目标优化设计模型,并对渤海海域某工程地的滩海路堤进行优化设计,同原设计比较表明:利用该方法具有优越性,可以节省工程建设资金.     

集装箱货运仿真模型在珠三角港港口投资方案评估(英文)

In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), there is severe competition between container ports, particularly those in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, for collecting international maritime container cargo. In addition, the second phase of the Nansha terminal in Guangzhou’s port and the first phase of the Da Chang Bay container terminal in Shenzhen opened last year. Under these circumstances, there is an increasing need to quantitatively measure the impact these infrastructure investments have on regional cargo flows. The analysis should include the effects of container terminal construction, berth deepening, and access road construction. The authors have been developing a model for international cargo simulation (MICS) which can simulate the movement of cargo. The volume of origin-destination (OD) container cargo in the East Asian region was used as an input, in order to evaluate the effects of international freight transportation policies. This paper focuses on the PRD area and, by incorporating a more detailed network, evaluates the impact of several infrastructure investment projects on freight movement.     

山区公路水运工程施工机械设备租赁模式及问题探讨

分析了在山区公路水运工程施工中推行机械设备租赁的必要性与可行性,列举了当前山区公路水运工程施工机械设备租赁存在的问题,探讨了完善山区公路水运工程施工机械租赁市场的相关措施。     

融雪剂的作用机理及危害分析研究

介绍了化学融雪剂的特征、主要成分以及作用原理。使用氯盐融雪剂对道路面和桥面具有较大破坏作用,对道路基础设施的使用寿命将产生消极影响。分析了其对生态环境的危害,提出了对路面桥面破坏作用少的新的除雪手段和使用新型融雪剂的建议。     

Part 3. Multivariate road safety models: Future research orientations and current use to forecast performance

The third part of the state-of-the-art focuses on the future of road safety modeling and on conjectures concerning the evolution of national safety indicators. In the absence of econometric developments specific to road safety modeling, the research future must rely on pre-existing statistical procedures of econometrics applied to discrete/count and to aggregate data. In terms of contents, growing interest in the heterogeneity of road accident outcomes by category of victims could lead to treatments of this issue across research streams, say by top-down and bottom-up developments, but this speculation does not rest on extant adequate formulations of the issue of road user class and victim analysis. But understanding the time profile of aggregate national performance indicators is quite another matter.     

昆明市一二一大街与学府路片区单向交通方案优化研究

单向交通是一种缓解城市交通拥堵、提高道路通行能力的经济而有效的交通组织方法。针对昆明市一二一大街与学府路片区在实施单向交通后的交通现状,从宏观和微观两个层面系统地分析了该路段存在的交通问题,对现行单向交通方案提出了综合优化措施。