Active noise control in a duct system based on a frequency-estimation algorithm and the FX-LMS algorithm

In this paper, an indirect feedback active noise control (ANC) scheme, based on the fundamental frequency-estimation method, is proposed for systems with multiple tonal noises. The engine noise consists of the harmonic components of the rotation of the crankshaft in the engine. When it is difficult to obtain reference signals, which are necessary for a feedforward ANC, conventional ANC algorithms do not work. In this paper, a new method is proposed to generate reference signals with estimated frequencies. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts: the frequency-estimation (FE) algorithm for the estimation of the fundamental frequency of the rotating machinery and then the conventional filtered-x LMS (FX-LMS) algorithm. In the second algorithm, the reference signal is generated using the fundamental frequency as estimated in the first algorithm. The FE algorithm uses a second-order adaptive notch filter, which is insensitive to impulse noise. In addition, the FE algorithm has good tracking capability and a lower variance of frequency-estimation error for a constant sinusoid signal and chirp signal. The performance of the proposed ANC method is verified through simulations and an experiment using a DSP board (DS-1104) inside a short duct.     

车辆主动悬架系统的LMS自适应控制

选择LMS自适应滤波算法，通过调整自适应滤波器的权系数使二次性能指标达最小，根据单个样本方差的负梯度来调节权系数；得到控制输出。针对简化的车辆模型，将空钩控制、广义自适应控制与LMS自适应控制相对比。仿真计算表明，主动悬架系统LMS自适应控制策略不仅计算简单，而且理论上在主动悬架系统中的应用是切实可行的，性能明显优于其它对比控制方法。     

某型号空滤器进气系统的气动和消声性能研究

应用流体分析软件Fluent和发动机模拟软件GT-Power分别对某型号空滤器进气系统的气动性能和消声性能进行了模拟计算。分别研究了进出气管的管径大小和插入长度对空滤器进气系统的气动性能和消声性能的影响。研究结果表明,减小空滤器的进出气管直径均能改善空气滤清器进气系统的消声性能,但其气动性能有所恶化,而且通过比较发现,进气管的管径大小比出气管对空滤器的气动性能和消声性能影响更大;进出气管的插入对于此种结构的空滤器进气系统的气动和消声性能并无改善。文章最后根据空滤器消声性能的不足和发动机进气口的阶次噪声曲线,设计了一个谐振腔,改善了其噪声性能。     

商用车驾驶室主动噪声控制技术试验研究

以某商用车驾驶室主动噪声控制系统的开发过程为主线,进行了一系列主动噪声控制技术的试验研究。通过对驾驶室内实际噪声的测试、分析,确定了以发动机2阶、4阶和6阶噪声为降噪对象的主动噪声控制方案：建立商用车驾驶室主动噪声控制模型．并采用驾驶室内真实噪声信号进行了计算机降噪效果仿真试验：最后在实际驾驶室驾驶员位置建立双通道主动噪声控制系统,并进行了实车降噪效果测试。试验结果表明：利用主动噪声控制技术改善以发动机低频、周期噪声为主要噪声源的商用车驾驶室内噪声环境是一条有效的技术途径。     

无人驾驶汽车行车环境下鲁棒性声学特征提取算法（双语出版）

无人驾驶汽车在行车过程中，需要通过视觉感知和听觉感知来构建当前周围环境模型，声学事件检测是听觉感知系统构建模型的核心所在。行车环境下声学事件检测系统面临着复杂而强烈的噪声挑战，尤其是行车过程中的风噪。声学事件检测中，常用的声学特征梅尔频率倒谱系数（MFCC）对噪声干扰十分敏感，为了解决这一问题，提出一种谐波梅尔频率倒谱系数（HMFCC）的鲁棒性声学特征提取算法，用于声学事件的目标分类。该算法通过声学信号的谐波模型与MFCC算法相结合，提取目标声学信号中的共振峰频率，改进传统Mel滤波器组，从而增强HMFCC中目标声学信号的中高频分量。研究结果表明：在不同的风噪环境下，基于HMFCC声学特征的检测结果具有较高的精准率和召回率，且在低噪和强噪环境下HMFCC和MFCC之间分类效果差异明显；低噪环境下，几种声学事件的HMFCC特征分类的平均精准率和召回率分别达到82.66%、84.15%，而基于MFCC特征分类检测的平均精准率和召回率只有73.93%、74.61%；随着风噪增强，MFCC特征分类精度严重下降，平均精准率和召回率仅为54.15%、44.95%，HMFCC特征在强噪环境下的平均精准率和召回率为72.16%、69.87%。行车环境下，HMFCC特征不仅可以提高分类的准确率，而且表现出对噪声不敏感的特性。     

压路机实时压实信号的降噪研究

为了得到更加真实有用的压路机信号,针对振动压路机钢轮的振动加速度信号采集中所存在的噪声,在4种不同阀值原则下对振动加速度信号进行小波降噪处理,采用IIR低通滤波器对同一信号进行滤波去噪。结果表明,小波降噪方法在对压路机钢轮振动信号的处理中能够更好地降噪并保留有用信号。     

车内噪声主动控制系统初探

本文基于对车内噪声进行试验分析,提出了用微机、数字电路和少数声学元件等组成的车内闭环主动消声试验系统,并进行了系统配置和软件设计。在考虑实际系统中传递环节的同时,对威德罗(Widrow)提出的LMS算法做了改进。最后,给出了在不同转速下的试验结果。     

Development of an Active Control Engine Mount System

In an attempt to reduce idling vibration and booming noise in automobile engines, the authors have developed an engine mounting system we call the ACM(Active Control engine Mount) system. Comprising a pair of electromagnetic actuators and hydraulic mounts, the system incorporates an adaptive control strategy based on the synchronized filtered-X LMS (SFX) algorithm. The crank angle pulse signal is detected as the synchronization signal and the force transmitted to the car body through the engine mounts is detected as a residual signal. Application of the ACM system to a vehicle with a transversally mounted four-cylinder engine resulted in significantly reduced idling vibration and booming noise.     

Development of an Active Control Engine Mount System

In an attempt to reduce idling vibration and booming noise in automobile engines, the authors have developed an engine mounting system we call the ACM(Active Control engine Mount) system. Comprising a pair of electromagnetic actuators and hydraulic mounts, the system incorporates an adaptive control strategy based on the synchronized filtered-X LMS (SFX) algorithm. The crank angle pulse signal is detected as the synchronization signal and the force transmitted to the car body through the engine mounts is detected as a residual signal. Application of the ACM system to a vehicle with a transversally mounted four-cylinder engine resulted in significantly reduced idling vibration and booming noise.     

车内噪声质量的主观评价及其改善措施的研究与发展

汽车产品的声质量评价问题已经成为汽车制造商和研究者关注的焦点之一。综述了国际上对车内噪声质量的主观评价及其改善措施的研究进展,重点介绍了AVL公司开发声质量评价软件和HONDA公司确定以心理声学客观参数表述的汽车运动感和豪华感公式等工作,也介绍了其他一些公司致力于实现声质量标准客观参量化的研究。论及了某些汽车厂商在产品设计和开发过程中采取的声质量改善措施,特别阐述了能够实现选择性降噪的噪声主动控制系统在此方面的显著作用和巨大潜力。对该领域研究的发展趋势进行了预测。     

车内多通道自适应主动降噪的研究

在研究有源噪声控制算法和结构的基础上,提出了基于滤波-X LMS算法的多通道有源噪声控制模型,利用自适应离线建模方法建立了次级声通道模型,搭建了有源噪声控制的硬件实验系统,对客车车厢内的噪声进行控制试验,获得了较好的降噪效果。     

汽车半主动悬架的自适应LQG控制

本文根据汽车半主动悬轲的基本结构，通过力学分析建立了其数学模型，为了克服实际的悬架控制系统动态行的不确定性，采用了自适应ＬＱＧ控制策略。     

基于传声器阵列技术的定置汽车噪声源识别

随着人们对汽车噪声的日益关注和汽车噪声限制标准的日渐严格,控制汽车噪声已经成为汽车工业发展中一项重要而又紧迫的任务。文章基于均匀圆形传声器阵列技术,采用MUSIC空间谱估计算法,对某型轿车定置状态时不同转速下分别进行噪声源识别,找出其主要噪声源和声场分布特性,为进一步控制汽车噪声提供依据。试验结果表明：传声器阵列技术能够快速有效地进行汽车噪声源识别和定位。     

Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Feedforward Controller of EGR and VGT Systems in a CRDI Diesel Engine

The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance.     

某乘用车空调系统配气比及气动噪声分析优化

空调系统设计与布置合理与否直接影响乘员舱内舒适性。空调系统设计要求配气比必须满足标准要求,而且风道的气动噪声必须控制在合理的范围内。本文通过对某乘用车空调系统原方案进行配气比及气动噪声分析,对空调系统风管内流场分布以及气动噪声源产生与传播进行了详细分析,从而提出两种优化方案。通过配气比及噪声试验,3#优化方案满足配气比标准要求,并且驾驶员右耳处噪声较原方案降低3.7dB,效果显著。     

Acoustical Characteristics of the Air Filter in the Engine Intake Air Cleaner

Linear acoustic theory is used for estimating the acoustical performance of the air cleaner box composed of the porous filter and encasing box in the engine intake system. The pleated filter structure is modeled as coupled multiple ducts having permeable micro-perforated walls and rectangular section, in which each duct area is assumed being homogeneous or inhomogeneous. Mathematical models describe the sound propagation within the narrow duct considering the visco-thermal effect at the filter pleats. For the validation, transmission loss (TL) is measured, and a change in TL spectrum is clearly observed by including the filter into the box. It is shown that the predicted TL counting the effect of visco-thermal loss agrees reasonably well with the experimental results. Noticeable effects of the filter on the TL are observed as highly smoothing effect at high frequencies and enhancing the TL magnitudes at troughs and lobes at low frequencies. Comparing homogeneous and inhomogeneous channel modelings, the latter is superior in precisely predicting the trough frequencies of TL curve, but the former is a bit better in predicting its magnitude. Parametric study on material and shape factors reveals that the number of pleats, length of the pleated filter, and distance between neighboring pleats are the key factors in determining the TL. It is concluded that an air filter element that has small number of long pleats with high flow resistance would bear the best acoustical performance among all designs.     

基于 MFXLMS算法的汽车发动机振动主动控制研究

为了降低发动机工作时引起的整车振动,提出了使用多通道滤波x-LMS （MFXLMS） 算法作为主动悬置系统的控制算法。以发动机转速信号作为参考信号,主动悬置安装位置下方的两路加速度信号作为误差信号。根据算法完成试验平台搭建。采用白噪声电压信号作为输入激励,通过 LMS算法离线辨识得到主动悬置到加速度传感器的多路次级通道,在dSPACE上完成实车控制试验。试验结果表明,MFXLMS算法的运用显著降低了发动机不同转速工况下引起的测点加速度响应,提高了整车的乘坐舒适性。     

汽车发动机气道内的流动模拟计算

本文介绍了汽车发动机气道内三维定常可压缩流动数值模拟的模型、算法及算例。为达到能定量分析并应用于实际设计的目的,提出了一种新的计算网格划分法,并开发了计算软件,对提高计算精度、加速收敛等关键问题进行了探索。     

轿车声固耦合低频噪声的有限元分析

建立结构载荷激励下乘坐室空腔声学系统和声固耦合系统的有限元模型。利用有限元软件ANSYS和LMS V irtual.lab对某轿车乘坐室结构与空腔声模态的频率和振型进行分析,采用直接法和模态叠加法对该轿车车内噪声仿真结果进行比较,指出采用模态叠加法计算声固耦合问题时,对于结构模态阶数的提取要求。通过计算仿真分析该模型低频噪声在频域中的分布情况,为降低由结构振动引起的车内低频噪声提供结构修改和声学修改依据。     

变排量压缩机汽车空调制冷系统节流元件的配置

对变排量压缩机与定排量压缩机加以比较，在分析变排量压缩机和热力膨胀阀汽车空调制冷系统以及变排量压缩机和节流管理汽车空调制冷系统基础上，提出了变排量压缩机和电子膨胀阀组成的空调制冷系统，并对其系统特征加以分析，提出了其制方案和控制算法。