山区小净距三洞浅埋偏压隧道开挖顺序分析

为研究浅埋偏压条件下小净距三洞隧道的开挖力学响应,文章通过数字地面模型和有限差分软件FLAC 3D建立了考虑原地表的三洞隧道三维模型,基于现场岩体参数开展了开挖顺序的影响分析,讨论了三洞隧道开挖的围岩变形模式和最优开挖顺序。结果表明：在偏压小净距三洞隧道开挖中,先行洞的开挖位置会影响其沉降变形大小和围岩的沉降变形模式,先开挖边侧洞对另一侧的沉降影响较小,先开挖中间洞则会对两侧边洞造成较大沉降影响;在小净距三洞隧道开挖中,隧道净距对沉降造成的影响大于开挖顺序;三洞开挖顺序的4种工况中,选择中间洞最后开挖的两种开挖顺序沉降变形相差不大,选择由一侧顺序开挖至另一侧的两种开挖顺序较优。     

软弱围岩小净距偏压隧道进洞施工技术

文章以湖北省麻竹高速公路宜城至保康段第4合同段二分部的黄堡隧道和香山隧道为例,通过对软弱围岩小净距严重偏压隧道围岩压力分析,得出洞口施工顺序,并通过提高思想认识,设置偏压挡墙、套拱和超前支护、明洞的反压回填和加强监控量测等进洞技术措施,提出了小净距隧道、洞口浅埋、偏压开挖进洞施工技术,以期为类似工程提供经验和技术支持。     

不同地质条件浅埋偏压小净距隧道施工力学效应研究

在不同地质条件下浅埋偏压小净距隧道的施工力学效应会有很大不同,尤其在半软半硬岩层中,隧道开挖会破坏软硬岩层交界处软弱围岩的稳定性,其施工力学效应更为特殊。文章采用有限差分软件FLAC3D对15种工况下隧道开挖进行了模拟,对均质硬岩、均质软岩和竖向半软半硬岩中不同净距隧道的拱顶沉降、中岩墙的水平位移、中岩墙最大主应力和围岩塑性区进行了分析。结果表明,均质硬岩隧道拱顶沉降最小,竖向半软半硬岩隧道拱顶沉降和硬岩比较接近,软弱围岩隧道拱顶沉降最大;竖向半软半硬岩隧道中岩柱上部围岩稳定性较差,中部水平位移最大;隧道开挖引起软岩侧洞室上覆盖层围岩稳定性变差,可能引起隧道坍塌。     

大跨度小净距公路隧道设计与施工方法研究

为了更好地确定小净距隧道的设计参数及相应的施工方法,文章以兴延高速公路白羊沟隧道北口小净距段施工为研究背景,利用有限元软件模拟分析了采用台阶法、CD法及CRD法开挖Ⅳ级围岩小净距段的施工过程,获得了不同施工方法下围岩和支护结构的变形及力学特性。实际监测结果表明,该隧道Ⅳ级围岩小净距段施工采用台阶法是合理的,中夹岩柱加固措施采用预应力长锚杆及超前小导管注浆组合加固对小净距段安全、顺利施工行之有效。     

双洞小净距隧道施工控制要点

在现行的隧道设计施工规范中,还没有明确规定小净距隧道的设计、施工规程.文章结合工程实例介绍了小净距隧道的开挖顺序和围岩支护加固方式,以及中央岩柱加固、监控量测等关键工序,对小净距隧道施工质量的控制作了初步探讨.     

浅谈小净距浅埋偏压富水段隧道施工技术

文章结合靖西至龙邦高速公路龙邦隧道工程实例,对小净距浅埋偏压富水隧道施工技术进行研究,从地表冲沟处理、超前地质预报、洞身开挖、复合式衬砌支护及监控量测等施工环节,介绍了小净距浅埋偏压富水隧道的施工方案。     

小净距隧道开挖方法浅论

小净距隧道是介于普通隧道和连拱隧道之间的一种隧道结构形式,正以其独特的优点引起了隧道界的关注.文章论述了间距为5 m左右的小净距隧道的围岩特点、开挖方法及工程实例.     

不同净距双洞隧道上下台阶法同时开挖数值模拟分析

为研究不同净距双洞隧道在上下台阶法同时开挖下的围岩变形、受力及支护受力情况,文章基于Midas/GTS软件平台对10m、14m、18m、22m净距双洞隧道进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明:(1)隧道中岩墙一侧拱腰水平位移相比左侧拱腰大,拱顶处、仰拱处水平位移较小,且随着净距变化其值基本保持不变;(2)隧道拱顶及仰拱位置处围岩竖向位移较大,拱腰处较小,随着隧道净距增大各部位竖向位移均减小;(3)随着隧道净距的增大拱顶及仰拱处的水平应力及竖向应力逐渐减小,但减小幅度较小,同时拱腰处水平应力及竖向应力变化较大,且减小幅度不断扩大;(4)随着净距的增大,锚杆轴力最大值及喷混结构最大拉应力发生了减小,减小幅度逐渐扩大。     

紫坪埔隧道小净距段施工方案模型试验研究

为节约工程造价,董家山隧道汶川端设计为渐变小净距隧道与整幅修建的泯江大桥相接。该端隧道洞口段左、右线间距较小,围岩较差。为保证隧道的安全施工,利用模型试验对洞口小净距段岩墙的加固措施、开挖方式及支护体系等施工方案进行了研究,提出了该段合理的施工方法和岩墙加固措施的建议,为董家山隧道小净距段的顺利施工提供指导。     

浅埋偏压小净距隧道开挖及支护技术研究

浅埋偏压小净距隧道在施工期间会出现不同程度的病害,故需加强隧道开挖及支护技术的应用。本文主要从浅埋偏压小净距隧道开挖及支护技术应用的必要性入手,结合实例对该类隧道工程的坍塌开挖及支护技术进行分析。     

交通与土地利用一体化的主要内容与实现途径

本文在分析现代城市病产生原因的基础上,从交通的角度提出了解决现代城市病的对策思路。在此基础上,阐述了交通一体化的内容、交通与土地利用一体化的关键和实现途径。作者提出防止现代城市病的关键是混合土地使用、严格控制通勤圈半径和建立公交主导的绿色交通系统。     

铁路隧道防排水现状与思考

文章针对铁路隧道的防排水现状,指出了目前在防排水设计与施工中存在的问题和难点,并进行了具体分析,在防水类型的选择、地下水处理、衬砌外围结构防水、内衬砌防水等方面提出了铁路隧道防排水的措施和建议。     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通,组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果,以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容,以飨读者。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

Characterisation of and reflections on the synergy of bicycles and public transport

The bicycle is often understood as a disjointed ‘feeder’ mode that provides access to public transport. We argue that combined use of the bicycle and public transport should be understood in a broader perspective, especially where bicycles link to higher speed and higher capacity public transport, such as the train. Cycling and public transport can have a symbiotic relationship forming a hybrid, distinct transport mode, which should be reflected in transport planning. The bicycle is as a way to soften the rigid nature of public transport and thus accommodate diverse individual travel needs and situations. Public transport can be seen as a means to dramatically extend cycling’s speed and spatial reach. We combine a system perspective with conceptual analysis to explore how, why and when this reconsideration is important. We use the Netherlands as illustrative case because of the relative maturity of its bicycle–train connections. The case shows that the synergy between rather opposite yet highly complementary aspects, high speed of the train, high accessibility of the bicycle and flexibility in combining both sub-modes, are the fundamental characteristics to understand the functioning of this system in a wider spatial context. In our conclusion we propose a research agenda, to further explore the relevance of this system for land-use and transport planning and distil wider implications for the international debate.     

Modeling and analysis of mixed flow of cars and powered two wheelers

In modern cities, a rapid increase of motorcycles and other types of Powered Two-Wheelers (PTWs) is observed as an answer to long commuting in traffic jams and complex urban navigation. Such increasing penetration rate of PTWs creates mixed traffic flow conditions with unique characteristics that are not well understood at present. Our objective is to develop an analytical traffic flow model that reflects the mutual impacts of PTWs and Cars. Unlike cars, PTWs filter between cars, have unique dynamics, and do not respect lane discipline, therefore requiring a different modeling approach than traditional “Passenger Car Equivalent” or “Follow the Leader”. Instead, this work follows an approach that models the flow of PTWs similarly to a fluid in a porous medium, where PTWs “percolate” between cars depending on the gap between them.Our contributions are as follows: (I) a characterization of the distribution of the spacing between vehicles by the densities of PTWs and cars; (II) a definition of the equilibrium speed of each class as a function of the densities of PTWs and cars; (III) a mathematical analysis of the model’s properties (IV) an impact analysis of the gradual penetration of PTWs on cars and on heterogeneous traffic flow characteristics.The proposed model could contribute as an enabler for ‘PTW-aware’ future Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems technologies and traffic regulations.     

油气管道的腐蚀与防护技术研究

国内大多数油田在开采过程中,油井伴生气通常含有成分不等的CO2、H2S等腐蚀性气体,同时由于油气集输系统也不可能完全密闭,造成大气中的O2等腐蚀性气体进入油气生产系统,因此油气生产系统存在的腐蚀类型多种多样。针对油气管道的腐蚀现状,简要综述了CO2腐蚀、H2S腐蚀、氧腐蚀机理及其影响因素。并在此基础上介绍了阴极保护技术、耐蚀材料防腐技术、工程防腐技术、化学防腐技术等几种国内外常用的防腐措施。     

集输管道效率监测及分析

为了更好地采用节能技术以不断降低管道能耗,提高管道效率,文中以集输管道为研究对象,根据集输管道效率计算模型,对11条输油管线进行了效率与能耗监测。监测结果表明:影响输油管道效率的主要因素是管道温降,其次为管道压降。对影响管道温降和压降的相关因素进行分析,提出了合理选择保温材料和保温结构、增加保温层厚度、添加减阻剂及采用管道内涂减阻技术等改进措施,对于集输管道的节能降耗具有借鉴意义。     

公交支付方式及其效率调查分析

智能系统的广泛使用,带来了移动支付的普及。公交支付在传统IC卡和现金支付的基础上,加入了云闪付和二维码支付。为探究移动支付对公交支付效率的影响,基于杭州市公交发展现状,制定了公交支付情况的调查方案。通过对所选10、93、97公交线路的早、晚高峰和平峰的三天实地调查,采集视频数据并使用SPSS进行定量统计分析,发现公交乘客刷卡占62%、二维码占27%、云闪付占6%、现金占5%。当乘客提前做好准备时,刷卡支付时间为1.29 s,低于云闪付的1.42 s和二维码的1.65 s,而未准备好时用时分别为6.74 s、10.94 s、8.54 s。通过相关性和多元线性回归分析得出"提前拿卡"、"上车掏卡"、"提前开二维码"和"上车开二维码"四种支付方式对公交停留时间延长的影响最大。